Clustering of Modifiable Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality in Taiwan’s Adult Population: a Latent Class Analysis

Background Modifiable risk behaviors, such as smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleep, are known to impact health. This study aims toward identifying latent classes of unhealthy lifestyle behavior, exploring the correlations between sociodemographic factors, identifying classes, and further assessing the associations between identified latent classes and all-cause mortality. Methods For this study, the data were obtained from a prospective cohort study in Taiwan. The participants’ self-reported demographic and behavioral characteristics (smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, and sleep) were used. Latent class analysis was used to identify health-behavior patterns, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to find the association between the latent class of health-behavior and all-cause mortality. Results A complete dataset was obtained from 290,279 participants with a mean age of 40 (12.4). Seven latent classes were identified, characterized as having a 100% likelihood of at least one unhealthy behavior coupled with the probability of having the other four unhealthy risk behaviors. This study also shows that latent health-behavior classes are associated with mortality, suggesting that they are representative of a healthy lifestyle. Finally, it appeared that multiple risk behaviors were more prevalent in younger men and individuals with low socioeconomic status. Conclusions There was a clear clustering pattern of modifiable risk behaviors among the adults under consideration, where the risk of mortality increased with increases in unhealthy behavior. Our findings can be used to design customized disease prevention programs targeting specific populations and corresponding profiles identified in the latent class analysis.

Healthcare Communication Role in the Detection of Unhealthy Behavior in University Students

The current study aims to identify unhealthy behaviors among university students, establish means of detection of unhealthy behavior, identify obstacles to digital volunteering, and explore the relationship between volunteer preferred style of volunteering and the obstacles to volunteering. Data for the study was gathered by administering an unstructured, anonymous questionnaire to 207 female university students and staff. The survey design included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, views on different facets of volunteering, unhealthy behaviors, and correlation between volunteering and unhealthy behaviors. The results revealed unhealthy behavior detected by the respondents (51.7%). Twenty-eight (13.5%) of the 207 respondents reported using social media in detecting women with offending behavior. The value of Pearson’s R is 0.245; thus, it is considered as weak or no correlation. There is hence no correlation between how respondents preferred volunteer work and the obstacle to volunteering. There is not much difference in the obstacles to volunteering faced by respondents despite their preferred style of volunteering. The findings reveal that digital volunteering effectively gains ground in detecting and managing unhealthy behaviors among university students. Much more could be achieved through digital volunteering if more awareness is created and volunteering programs are designed to be more interesting and less time-consuming to allow more students to participate.

Obesogenic Clusters Associated with Weight Status in Brazilian Adolescents of the Movimente School-Base Intervention

Background: the relationship between behavior clusters and weight status, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between profiles of physical activity (PA), diet and sedentary behavior (SB) with weight status in adolescents from a southern Brazilian city, according to sex. Methods: data from the Movimente Intervention study were analyzed (n = 812 / mean age 13.0 years (sd 1.04). Data on SB hours per day, PA minutes per week and weekly consumption frequencies of fruits, vegetables, salty snacks, candies and soda were self-reported on the validated Movimente questionnaire. Classes of healthy and unhealthy behaviors were derived by latent class analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations between adolescents’ weight status and classes. Results: two classes were identified for the whole sample and for boys and girls. All classes had high probabilities of engaging high time in SB. Male adolescents in the unhealthy class had low probabilities of being active and high probability of consuming a low-quality diet. In contrast, girls’ healthiest profile presented lower probabilities of being active compared to boys’ healthiest profiles. No association was found between weight status and classes. Conclusion: All classes had at least one unhealthy behavior, for both the whole sample, and for girls and boys. Girls’ profiles were unhealthier compared to boys’ profiles. Hence, it is recommended that intervention strategies to change behaviors need to be distinct according to sex, targeting more than one obesogenic behavior at the same time.

Visualizing the Emerging Trends of Acculturation Research: A Bibliometric Analysis From 2000 to 2020

As acculturation research has become more interdisciplinary and dynamic over the last 20 years, it is necessary to explore its emerging trends. We collected 10,039 research articles on acculturation research from 2000 to 2020 from the Web of Science (WoS) database and utilized the CiteSpace tool to visualize emerging trends. During the data analysis, we extracted noun phrases from the abstracts of the retrieved articles to identify clusters, and the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) algorithm was used to generate cluster labels in the co-citation network. Based on the size of the clusters, the five largest clusters were chosen and analyzed: “Asian cultural value,” “Suicide attempt,” “Unhealthy behavior,” “Host country identification,” and “Emerging adulthood”. These findings may help researchers and scholars gain useful insight and explore topics related to the research trends in acculturation.

Seasonal variation in lifestyle behavior in Poland: Google searches and market sales analysis

Background Detection of the seasonal patterns of healthy and unhealthy behavior could be helpful for designing individual and population health interventions programs. This study investigates the seasonal variation in sales of common types of products in Poland and Polish Google queries related to healthy behavior. Methods Data of index sales from a large Polish retail store franchise, from January 2014 to August 2019, has been analyzed. The commercial data included twelve types of products. The interest of Google users was investigated using Google Trends statistics for the same period for six lifestyle-related topics. The seasonality was checked using time series analysis. Results Six of the consumer goods (dairy, ready-made meals, salty snacks, meats, beer, and cigarettes) were most commonly purchased in summer months, four (processed fish, food fats, wine, and alcohol 30%+) in December, and two (bread and sweets) in October. The lowest sales indexes were observed mostly in February. The interest in four topics that have been analyzed (“Diet,” “Dietitian,” “Weight loss,” and “Gym”), was highest in January, while interest in “Dietary supplements” was high in February, and “Running” in May. The search volume of the Google topics were the lowest in December. Conclusion The purchase of food, drinks, and cigarettes, and the interest in information regarding different components of a healthy lifestyle has seasonal variation. New Year and Lent might be good periods to encourage healthy behavior. The motivation may decrease in summer and during Christmas.

Activating the Role of Digital Volunteering in Early Detection of Unhealthy Behavior on University Campus in the Era of Covid 19 Crisis

BackgroundThe current study aims to identify unhealthy behaviors among university students, establish means of detecting them as well as identify obstacles to digital volunteering and also explore the relationship between volunteer preferred style of volunteering and the obstacles to volunteering. MethodsData for the study was gathered by administering unstructured, anonymous questionnaire to 207 female university students and staff. The survey design included questions about socio-demographic characteristics, views on different facets of volunteering, unhealthy behaviors and correlation between volunteering and unhealthy behaviors.ResultsThe result revealed unhealthy behavior detected by the respondents (51.7%). Twenty-eight (13.5%) of the 207 respondents reported to use social media in detecting women with offending behavior. The value of Pearson’s R is 0.245; thus is considered a weak or no correlation. There is hence no correlation between how respondents preferred volunteer work and the obstacle to volunteering. There is no much of difference in the obstacles to volunteering faced by respondents despite their preferred style of volunteering.Conclusion The findings reveal that digital volunteering is effectively gaining ground in detection and management of unhealthy behaviors among university students. Much more could be achieved through digital volunteering if more awareness is created and volunteering programs are designed to be more interesting and less time consuming to give more students the opportunity to participate.

The mediating role of unhealthy behavior in the relationship between shift work and perceived health

Background Little is known about the relationship between shift work and perceived health, including potential underlying mechanisms such as unhealthy behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate whether unhealthy behaviors mediate the relationship between shift work and perceived mental and physical health, taking into account potential differences by level of education. Methods Data from 1633 workers participating in the Doetinchem Cohort Study during 1995–2016 were used. Being engaged in shift work was determined at 1 year preceding the assessment of health behaviors. Mental and physical health were assessed after 5 years of follow-up by the 5-item Mental Health Inventory and the physical functioning scale of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey. Smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and overweight were considered as potential mediators and education was treated as moderator. Moderated mediation analyses using generalized estimated equations were performed. Results Shift work was not statistically significantly related to either mental or physical health. Despite this, statistically significant mediation effects of smoking (Beta − 0.09; 95% Confidence Interval − 0.20 - -0.01, respectively B -0.09; 95%CI -0.21 - -0.01) and physical inactivity (B 0.11; 95%CI 0.03–0.23, respectively B 0.08; 95%CI 0.01–0.18) were found in the relationship between shift work and mental or physical health. Direct and indirect effects outweighed each other in the relationship between shift work and mental health, since the direction of these effects was opposite. The relationship between shift work, unhealthy behavior, and health was not different by educational level. Conclusion Shift workers did not report lower mental or physical health than non-shift workers. Though mediation effects of unhealthy behavior were observed in the relationship between shift work and perceived health, these small effects had minor public health relevance.

320 Effect of accumulated unhealthy behaviors on insomnia―lifestyle-related disease differences in a Japanese community population

Introduction Some studies reported that health behaviors and lifestyles are related to sleep disorder; obesity, drinking, smoking and lack of physical exercise are risk factors for insomnia. However, it’s unclear the association between accumulated unhealthy behaviors and insomnia in consideration of lifestyle-related diseases. Therefore, this study was to examine the effect of accumulated unhealthy behaviors on insomnia in a Japanese community population. Methods The subjects included 1,1002 participants aged 35–74 years. Sleep quality was assessed by the Athens Insomnia Scale. Unhealthy behaviors were classified into smoking, drinking, no habit of exercising, obesity, and skipping breakfast. We examined the impact of unhealthy behaviors accumulation, which was stratified into three categories, i.e., 0-1,2-3,4 or more, on insomnia. The association between accumulated unhealthy behaviors and insomnia was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Further analysis after stratification by lifestyle-related diseases was also performed. Results The overall prevalence of insomnia was 14.6% for men and19.3% for women. Men with unhealthy behaviors were more likely to have insomnia after adjusting for potential confounders, compared with the least unhealthy groups (trend p=0.017). Women with 4 or more unhealthy behavior factors were more likely to have the suspected insomnia, compared with the lowest groups (ORs 1.176 95% CI 1.079–1.282). Then, we analyzed to stratify by lifestyle-related disease. Insomnia has an association with unhealthy behaviors among men with the absence of diabetes (trend p=0.015) and dyslipidemia (trend p=0.032). Women without hypertension were more likely to have the suspected insomnia, compared with the lowest groups (ORs 1.215 95% CI 1.102–1.340), but the odd for those with the hypertension was 1.031(95%CI 0.855–1.243). Conclusion Accumulated unhealthy behaviors were associated with increased rates of insomnia in the Japanese community population. According to stratification by lifestyle-related disease, men showed the associations by the presence or absence of diabetes. Women showed the associations by the absence of hypertension. These associations were nearly similar regardless of the presence or absence of lifestyle-related disease. Support (if any) This research was supported by research funds from the Yamagata Prefectural Government and the city of Tsuruoka and the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JP24390168, JP15H04778 and JP19K19441) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

Zakat Funding Solution In Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) Approach For Clean Water And Proper Sanitation In Banten, Indonesia

Providing clean water and sanitation for developing countries presents its problems mainly related to people‘s unhealthy behavior and funding that needed to build clean water facilities and infrastructure. Various attempts were made by both the government and the private sector to provide proper sanitation, particularly for the poor. It also aims to give one of the most significant service delivery challenges related to poverty alleviation and sustainable living. This article presents new sanitation developments focused on community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approach and zakat as a funding solution. The researchers used the Miles and Huberman (1992) research model consisting of data reduction, data display, and verification. The result is LAZ Harfa with the CLTS approach could increase the number of houses with latrines by 40.19 percent in Banten from 2006 to 2019, also coaching schools in building 25 latrines, the number of beneficiaries increased significantly to 47,174 from 14,461 individuals. The article closes by arguing that zakat as possible alternative funding by seeing the potential that can improve the sustainability of sanitation service interventions.

Risk Perception, Unhealthy Behavior, and Anxiety Due to Viral Epidemic Among Healthcare Workers: The Relationships With Depressive and Insomnia Symptoms During COVID-19

We aimed to investigate the relationship between mental health problems and unhealthy behaviors among healthcare workers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using an online survey, we collected data on healthcare workers' perception regarding COVID-19 exposure in a work unit. Workers' depression, insomnia, and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Index, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, respectively. Work-related stress and anxiety in response to the viral epidemic were measured using the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-9 (SAVE-9) scale. We found that work-related stress and anxiety in response to the viral epidemic was associated with female sex, perception of the workplace as being dangerous, and depressive symptoms. Unhealthy behaviors, such as smoking and drinking as coping behaviors during the pandemic, were associated with male sex, young age, depression, and insomnia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to closely observe the patterns of work-related stress and anxiety reactions among healthcare workers to reduce their burnout.