scholarly journals Francisco Franco Is Back: The Contested Reemergence of a Fascist Moral Exemplar

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Francisco Ferrándiz
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Moral Exemplars ◽  
Moral Exemplar ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
National Reconciliation

Abstract Based on long-term ethnographic research on contemporary exhumations of mass graves from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), as well as analysis of the exhumation of Francisco Franco from the Valley of the Fallen, this paper looks at the ways in which the dictator’s moral exemplarity has evolved over time since his military victory in 1939. During the early years of his dictatorship, Franco’s propaganda machine built the legend of a historical character touched by divine providence who sacrificed himself to save Spain from communism. His moral charisma was enriched by associating his historical mission with a constellation of moral exemplars drawn from medieval and imperial Spain. After his death, his moral exemplarity dwindled as democratic Spain embraced a political discourse of national reconciliation. Yet, since 2000, a new negative exemplarity of Franco as a war criminal has come into sharp focus, in connection with the exhumation of the mass graves of tens of thousands of Republican civilians executed by his army and paramilitary. In recent years, Franco has reemerged as a fascist exemplar alongside a rise of the extreme right. To understand the revival of his fascist exemplarity, I focus on two processes: the rise of the political party Vox, which claims undisguised admiration for Franco’s legacy (a process I call “neo-exemplarity”), and the dismantling in October 2019 of Franco’s honorable burial and the debate over the treatment that his mortal remains deserve (a process I call “necro-exemplarity”).

Irregular adoptions and infrastructures of memory in Spain: remnant practices from the Franco Regime

Childhood ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 090756822110614
Author(s):  
Diana Marre ◽  
Hugo Gaggiotti
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Secret Societies ◽  
Ductile Metals ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Erosion Mechanism ◽  
Displaced Children ◽  
Contemporary Spain ◽  
Franco Dictatorship

The irregular adoption of displaced children during the Spanish Civil War, the Franco dictatorship and the early years of Spanish democracy remains silent and unrecognised. The difficulty in recognising these irregular practices is linked to remnant infrastructures of memory (Rubin (2018) How Francisco Franco governs from beyond the grave: An infrastructural approach to memory politics in contemporary Spain. American Ethnologist 45(2): 214–227). We propose that the time to speak openly about irregular adoptions of forcibly disappeared children in Spain is arriving, and doing so could be a way of exposing a series of ‘unknown knowns’ (Simmel, (1906) The sociology of secrecy and of secret societies. American Journal of Sociology 11(4): 441–498; Bellman R and Levy A (1981) Erosion mechanism in ductile metals. Wear 70: 1–27; Taussig M (1999) Defacement: Public Secrecy and the Labor of the Negative. Stanford: Stanford University Press).

Glorious Brothers, Unsuitable Lovers: Moroccan Veterans, Spanish Women, and the Mechanisms of Francoist Paternalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wright
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

Out of the 78,504 Moroccans who fought in the Francoist army during the Spanish Civil War, an estimated 55,468 sustained injuries over the course of the conflict. Within the deeply hierarchical and militaristic regime of Francisco Franco, a privileged symbolic space was reserved for troops from the Spanish Protectorate who had sacrificed their bodily integrity in the ‘Crusade’. Such veterans were presented by the regime as the ‘glorious mutilated’, and a special body was established to manage their disability pension claims. Yet this privileged position did not imply parity with veterans’ Spanish counterparts, especially when it came to romantic relationships with Spanish women. This article will explore how the Francoist regime’s paternalism towards its Moroccan veterans helped to entrench racial hierarchies in Francoist Spain while respecting military ones. Through an examination of the everyday bureaucratic interactions between representatives of the Francoist state and Moroccan men, paternalism emerges as an overlooked and undertheorized – yet highly significant – discourse in modern European politics and society. Far from being a by-product of colonial politics, paternalism in many ways defined the Francoist regime’s governing ethos more broadly, and helped to ensure its long-term survival both in the Protectorate and in Spain.

Globalisation and Equity Issues in Post-socialist Transition Economies

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
G. W. Kolodko
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
World Market ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Equity Issues ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Rich

Equity issues in policymaking are difficult to resolve because they are linked not only to the economic situation but also to social constraints and political conflicts within a country. This is even more true in the case of post-socialist economies during their transition to a market system in the era of globalisation. The historical and irreversible process of liberalisation and integration of capital, goods and services, and labour markets into one world market, as well as the gradual construction of new institutions and the process of privatisation cause a significant shift in the income pattern of post-socialist emerging markets. Contrary to expectations, inequality increases affecting the standard of living and long-term growth. While globalisation contributes to the long-term acceleration of economic growth and offers a chance for many countries and regions to catch up with more advanced economies, it results in growing inequality both between the countries and within them. On average, the standard of living increases, but so does the gap between the rich and the poor. Therefore, equality issues should always be of concern to policymakers, especially in the early years of the change of regime in post-socialist transition economies.

Knowledge Strategies through Tie-ups- A Look at Indian

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susobhan Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Technology Licensing ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Channel Integration ◽  
Research Contract ◽  
Knowledge Strategies

In the last decade or so, strategic alliances and partnerships among pharmaceutical and biotech companies have doubled to around 700 per year per sector, although most of this increase came in the early years. Even though all big pharma companies have a good selling and marketing capacity, many alliances are created to optimise the commercialization of products, for example, through targeting different segments, marketing with synergistic products or in particular territories where a firm is stronger than the originator. Various forms of strategic partnerships such as collaborative research, contract research, co-production agreements, co-marketing arrangements, cross-distribution arrangements, and technology licensing are being utilized for capacity additions, brand acquisitions, marketing channel integration, and R&D integration, depending upon the focus of a firm. Indian firms are forking out contracts, alliances, and are entering into outsourcing deals where they lack strategic capabilities. But a few firms are looking to build long term capabilities and entering into Research and Development alliances.

scholarly journals Promoting Developmental Potential in Early Childhood: A Global Framework for Health and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2007
Author(s):  
Verónica Schiariti ◽  
Rune J. Simeonsson ◽  
Karen Hall
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Early Child Development ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Developmental Functioning ◽  
Global Cycles ◽  
Global Initiatives

In the early years of life, children’s interactions with the physical and social environment- including families, schools and communities—play a defining role in developmental trajectories with long-term implications for their health, well-being and earning potential as they become adults. Importantly, failing to reach their developmental potential contributes to global cycles of poverty, inequality, and social exclusion. Guided by a rights-based approach, this narrative review synthesizes selected studies and global initiatives promoting early child development and proposes a universal intervention framework of child-environment interactions to optimize children’s developmental functioning and trajectories.

An assessment of a massively parallel sequencing approach for the identification of individuals from mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (21) ◽  
pp. 2841-2847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Calafell ◽  
Roger Anglada ◽  
Núria Bonet ◽  
Mercedes González-Ruiz ◽  
Gemma Prats-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Massively Parallel Sequencing ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
Parallel Sequencing

scholarly journals Reconstruction of historical noise exposure data for environmental epidemiology in Switzerland within the SiRENE project

Noise Mapping ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Karipidis ◽  
Danielle Vienneau ◽  
Manuel Habermacher ◽  
Micha Köpflii ◽  
Mark Brink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exposure Analysis ◽  
Short And Long Term

AbstractIn 2014 the three-year interdisciplinary study SiRENE (Short and Long Term Effects of Traffic Noise Exposure) was launched in Switzerland. The goal of SiRENE is to investigate acute, short- and long-term e_ects of road, railway and aircraft noise exposure on annoyance, sleep disturbances and cardio-metabolic risk.The study is based on a detailed Swiss-wide assessment of transportation noise exposure, including diurnal distributions. The exposure analysis comprises current as well as historical exposure calculations for up to 20 years in the past.We present the major challenges of compiling sufficient data to support a Swiss-wide model for all buildings and including all transport infrastructure as a basis for the subsequent SiRENE sound exposure analysis for the years 2011, 2001 and 1991. The task is particularly challenging for the early years due to poor data quality and/or lack of availability. We address the integration of geo-referenced input datasets from various sources and time periods, the assignment of tra_c noise exposure from façade points to dwelling units, as well as the processing of traffic information and statistics. Preliminary results of the noise exposure calculations are presented.

Mussolini, Benito (1883–1945)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jones
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Party Leader ◽  
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ◽  
Benito Mussolini ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Winston Churchill ◽  
Personality Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt ◽  
Second World

Known as Il Duce (the Leader), the son of a Marxist blacksmith, Benito Mussolini was the ruler of Fascist Italy (1922–43). A master of populist rhetoric, editor of the socialist newspaper Avanti! (1912–1914), Mussolini shaped the fascist movement as a party leader before rising to state power with his October 1922 March on Rome. He invaded Ethiopia in a brutal war for a new Italian Empire (1935–36), aided Franco’s Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), and fought on the side of Nazi Germany in the Second World War (1940–45). His fascist ideology made use of ideas offered by Italy’s ‘philosopher of fascism’, Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944), and manifestos written by the founder of Futurism, poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876–1944). Mussolini’s personality cult influenced dictators such as Adolf Hitler and Francisco Franco, and at times earned the admiration of Winston Churchill (Samuel) and Franklin Roosevelt (Schivelbusch, 2006, 31). On April 29, 1945, Mussolini was captured and executed, his body gruesomely displayed (‘Execution of Mussolini’). His legacy has spawned fascist movements throughout the world, from Oswald Mosley’s (1896–1980) English Blackshirts to Pierre Gemayel’s (1905–1984) Christian Phalange in Lebanon.

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