PERBAIKAN SISTEM KERJA BERDASARKAN ANALISIS PAJANAN XYLENE PEKERJA KILANG MINYAK XYZ

Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (Pertamina) mengoperasikan beberapa kilang minyak di dalam negeri. Operasi dan proses di kilang minyak terdapat bahan kimia dalam bensin, maka penting untuk mengukur konsentrasi xylena, melihat mana yang mempengaruhi dan memberikan perbaikan desain untuk tindakan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja yang tepat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 16 pekerja yang memiliki risiko terpapar xylene lebih tinggi. Tata cara pengambilan dan analisis sampel mengacu pada Gastec 122DL. Pengujian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis fakta menggunakan uji beda dan uji pembeda. Pekerja pada pekerja kilang minyak yang terpengaruh signifikan terhadap konsentrasi paparan xylene adalah usia (U = 13,329), praktik K3 (U = 26,124), penggunaan APD (U = 9,042), kebiasaan merokok (U = 85), jumlah bensin yang tersedia (U = 0,891) dan instalasi (U = 18,032). Rancangan perbaikan yang dapat diwujudkan dalam jangka pendek adalah penggunaan APD dan berdiri berlawanan arah angin.Abstract[Improvement on Working System Based on Xylene Exposure Analysis on Employee of Oil Refinery XYZ] The State Oil and Gas Mining Company (Pertamina) operates several oil refineries in the country. Operations and processes at oil refinery contain chemicals in gasoline. So, it is important to measure the concentration of xylene concentration, see which affects and provide design improvements for appropriate occupational health and safety measures. Sampling was carried out on 16 workers who had a higher risk of xylene exposure. The procedure for taking and analyzing samples refers to Gastec 122DL. The test used to analyze the facts uses the difference test and display test. Workers at oil refinery. Workers who have a significant effect on the concentration of xylene exposure are age (U = 13,329), K3 practice (U = 26,124), use of PPE (U = 9,042), smoking habits (U = 85), the amount of gasoline available (U = 0.891) and installation (U = 18.032). The design of improvements that can be realized in the short term is the use of PPE and standing in opposite directions the wind.Keywords: exposure analysis; repair work system; Xylene.

Vulnerability analysis of capture fisheries to climate change based on the Province Scale (exposure and sensitivity analysis)

Fisheries has a major contribution for the Indonesian economy both on a local and national scale. However, the phenomenon of climate change can threaten the sustainability of this sector. Therefore, a scientific approach is needed to determine the level of risk and adaptation strategies for fisheries, one of which is through vulnerability analysis. Vulnerability is the final analysis resulted from the analysis of sensitivity and exposure. Both of these analyses are important to determine the parameters that will affect the value of the fishery vulnerability to climate change. This research is focused on sensitivity and exposure analysis with the coverage limit is the province area to determine the sensitivity and exposure index that exists in the study area. The result will be important input in further research for the vulnerability of capture fisheries to climate change. Three provinces in Indonesia were selected through purposive sampling method. The source of data for indices variables were using recorded data in 2009-2020 from relevant sources. Result described that SST variability in the three provinces has the same pattern. In the exposure analysis, the SST is linked to the catch resulting in different exposure statuses in each province. It also illustrated those areas with a very high number of fishermen and catches will have very high sensitivity. The research will support in the sustainable management of capture fish at the province scale.

Risk Type Analysis of Building on Urban Flood Damage

Climate change caused by global warming has resulted in an increase in average temperature and changes in precipitation pattern and intensity. Consequently, this has led to an increase in localized heavy rain which intensifies the uncertainty of the development of urban areas. To minimize flood damage in an urban area, this study aims to analyze the flood risk effect on buildings by ranking the risk of flood damage for each building type and sorting the long-term land use plan and the building type that requires particular consideration. To evaluate the flood risk of each building type, vulnerability analysis and exposure analysis were conducted in five regions of the Ulsan City. The vulnerability analysis includes determination of each building type by using the building elements which are sensitive to flood damage. In terms of the exposure analysis, environmental factors were applied to analyze the flood depth. The mapping based on the results from two analyses provided the basis for classifying the flood risk into five classes (green, yellowish green, yellow, orange, red). The results were provided in the urban spatial form for each building type. This analysis shows that the district near the Taehwa river is the area with the highest risk class buildings (red and orange class buildings). Notably, this area plays a pivotal functional role in administrating the Ulsan City and has a high density of buildings. This phenomenon is explained by city development which is centered around the lowland; however, given the high value of property, the potential risk is proven to be high.

Assessment of Health Impact of PM2.5 Exposure by Using WRF-Chem Model in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

PM2.5 is one of the major air pollutants in Kathmandu Valley, and its emission and the unique atmospheric condition of the valley make it significantly hazardous to human health. The air pollution due to particulate matter is a major health issue with numerous negative impacts on us. This research aims to quantify the health impacts of PM2.5 exposure on the population of Kathmandu Valley. The ambient PM2.5 concentration of Kathmandu Valley was simulated using WRF-Chem model by using a horizontal grid resolution of 3 × 3 km. The concentration obtained from WRF-Chem was used as input in the health equation of an intervention model to quantify the health impacts. This quantitative assessment of atmospheric pollution was applied to evaluate the human exposure to PM2.5 in Kathmandu Valley. PM2.5 concentration and its distribution in the valley along with the ward-wise population distribution were used to find the health impact of the particulate matter in December 2019 in Kathmandu Valley. Exposure analysis using the model showed that 19 people could die due to lung cancer and 175 people could die due to all cause diseases except accidents due to PM2.5 exposure in December 2019. It was estimated that the reduction in the PM2.5 level by half in the valley reduces the monthly mortality by 51.4%. Hence, the exposure analysis of the particulate matter on the urban population could be improved by using air quality models in order to solve the health problems arising from air pollution.

Feasibility for SARS-CoV-2 Tests in the Hospital: An Exposure Analysis of Critical Control Points Approach

This work aims to assess the feasibility of performing COVID-19 RNA tests in hospitals and communities experiencing SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreaks, to ultimately provide recommendations for hospitals with so-called fever clinics. In China, these specialized clinics within a hospital specifically receive outpatients with fever symptoms. A team with expertise in the Exposure Analysis and Critical Control Points (EACCP) framework identified potential infection routes during the testing for SARS-CoV-2, then constructed and tested flow diagrams, which were confirmed under actual conditions, demonstrating the feasibility to carry out in hospitals with fever clinics. The team determined critical control points to mitigate the exposure risks at each control point. The sampling and inactivation steps of clinical samples in fever clinics appeared to be associated with particularly high-risk levels of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Moderate exposure levels were associated with storage and transportation of samples for inactivation; Low-risk levels associated with the transportation, storage, and detection steps after inactivation. To minimize infection risks for personnel, we proposed optimized processes to carry out SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests in hospitals with fever clinics in China. The high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure during procedures preceding testing is the sampling and biological inactivation; Simultaneously, full personal protective equipment and BSL2 laboratories in fever clinics or mobile BSL2 laboratories could reduce the risk. Implementing the EACCP framework could facilitate rapid responses to outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.