Effects of Depth of Submergence, Fertilization and Cultivation on Water Requirement and Yield of Rice

SUMMARYUnder the three levels of submergence (0, 5 and 10 cm. depths), water requirement of rice was maximum at 10 cm. but crop performance was similar to that at 5 cm. With medium and high levels of fertilization the crop had a higher water requirement than under low level, for ‘aus’ and ‘aman’ crops. Compacted soil compared well with puddled soil, but water requirement was appreciably higher with shallow puddling. In the two seasons water requirement, transpiration, evaporation and percolation losses were greater under submergence, and only transpiration was greater under higher levels of fertilization. Transpiration was maximum at flowering stage.

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Summer Drip Irrigation Requirements for Cucumber

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v67i3.7726 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 328-334

Author(s):

Megh R. Goyal ◽

William F. Allison

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Crop Performance ◽

Irrigation Requirements

Cucumbers (Variety Poinsett 76) were drip irrigated during March, 1980 at Fortuna Substation to evaluate the water requirement and effect of silver coated plastic mulch on crop performance. The moist treatment gave significant increases in crop yield at the 5% level compared with wet and dry treatments. The use of plastic mulch further increased production by 4.6 tons per hectare.

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Water requirement and water use efficiency of Sorghum and its irrigation planning under limited water resources in arid and semi arid regions of India

MAUSAM ◽

10.54302/mausam.v59i2.1253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 219-226

Author(s):

R. P. SAMUI ◽

GRACY JOHN ◽

M. P. S. PILLAI ◽

S. P. RANSURE

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Irrigation Planning ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Normal Rainfall

Water requirement and water use efficiency of sorghum was studied at Akola, Parbhani, Rahuri and Coimbatore. The study enables to understand the consumptive water demand of sorghum and water use efficiency in relation to yield. The results can be used for efficient management of both rainfall and limited water resources available for sorghum production. Seasonal Evapotranspiration (ET) losses were studied for non- irrigated kharif sorghum at Akola and Parbhani and for Rahuri and Coimbatore seasonal ET losses were studied for rabi sorghum for well distributed normal and deficit rainfall years. In the normal rainfall years ET losses were more compared to deficit rainfall years. However, water use efficiency was found higher during deficit rainfall years than normal rainfall years. The seasonal ET- yield relationship was found positively correlated but insignificant for Akola, Parbhani, Rahuri and significant for Coimbatore (5% level). At Akola and Parbhani optimum yields were observed for seasonal ET of around 486 mm and 470 mm respectively. At Coimbatore maximum yield was observed for seasonal ET of 416 mm whereas at Rahuri yield was maximum when ET loss was about 475 mm. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) ranged from 6.3 to 12.2 mm for kharif season and 5.5 to 10.1 mm for rabi sorghum. Crop coefficient Kc was found negligible during early growth stages and reached peak during flowering stage and declined subsequently during maturity to harvesting stage. The study revealed that during deficit rainfall years life saving irrigation need to be applied for all stations under consideration. If limited irrigation is available irrigations at vegetative stage (25-35 days after sowing) and at boot- flowering stage (55-65 days after sowing) be given. The boot stage is found to be the most critical stage and if only one irrigation is available, it may be given at this stage. Water stress at this stage is found to cause reduction in yield by 35 to 40%.

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Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.1.28 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yukari Egashira ◽

Shin Nagaki ◽

Hiroo Sanada

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽

Low Level ◽

Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

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