The Determination of Bunch Yield Components in the Development of Inflorescences in Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Breure ◽  
T. Menendez

SUMMARYStages in oil palm inflorescence development which determine the number and weight of the fruit bunch components were identified by thinning to intervene in development and dissection of a sample of the felled palms. This showed that the ratio of female to total inflorescences and the number of flowers per spikelet were determined eight leaves prior to spikelet initiation. The number of spikelets per inflorescence was linked with the meristematic development of the primary axis. Inflorescences were prone to abortion at the onset of rapid expansion of the primary axis. The weight of the frame responded to thinning at these three developmental stages. The weight of single fruits responded shortly after the fruit set was fixed at anthesis; the response levelled off in axils of the six older leaves. At the start of an abortion phase nearly all aborted inflorescences were female, but subsequently female and male inflorescences aborted in equal proportions. Our study suggests that the number and weight of fruit bunch components are determined at a specific developmental stage but that the time to anthesis may vary considerably as a result of fluctuations in the speed of inflorescence development.

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Breure

SUMMARYOil palm rachis length was determined on primordia dissected from palms planted at four densities. It started to increase rapidly in leaf–10, that is, about ten leaves younger than the spear leaf in all density treatments. The mean number of leaf primordia at the three higher palm densities was 47.7 compared with 51.5 at the lowest density of 56 palms ha-1. Some of the palms planted at the highest density were thinned to identify the stage at which the amount of light affected the rate of leaf opening. A sudden increment of light accelerated leaf production at both the rapid expansion stage and the preceding slow expansion stage. The greatest acceleration of leaf production began 24 months after thinning, probably because of the effect of the extra light on the rate of leaf initiation. The response of leaf production to thinning may apply to other related cultural practices.Desarrollo de hojas en la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y determination de la tasa de apertura de las hojas


2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1302-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Rance ◽  
S. Mayes ◽  
Z. Price ◽  
P. L. Jack ◽  
R. H. V. Corley

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phorntipha Junkwon ◽  
Tomohiro Takigawa ◽  
Hiroshi Okamoto ◽  
Hideo Hasegawa ◽  
Masayuki Koike ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 581-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suria Tarigan ◽  
Kerstin Wiegand ◽  
Bejo Slamet ◽  

Abstract. In many tropical regions, the rapid expansion of monoculture plantations has led to a sharp decline in forest cover, potentially degrading the ability of watersheds to regulate water flow. Therefore, regional planners need to determine the minimum proportion of forest cover that is required to support adequate ecosystem services in these watersheds. However, to date, there has been little research on this issue, particularly in tropical areas where monoculture plantations are expanding at an alarming rate. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the influence of forest cover and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations on the partitioning of rainfall into direct runoff and subsurface flow in a humid, tropical watershed in Jambi Province, Indonesia. To do this, we simulated streamflow with a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and observed several watersheds to derive the direct runoff coefficient (C) and baseflow index (BFI). The model had a strong performance, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.80–0.88 (calibration) and 0.80–0.85 (validation) and percent bias values of −2.9–1.2 (calibration) and 7.0–11.9 (validation). We found that the percentage of forest cover in a watershed was significantly negatively correlated with C and significantly positively correlated with BFI, whereas the rubber and oil palm plantation cover showed the opposite pattern. Our findings also suggested that at least 30 % of the forest cover was required in the study area for sustainable ecosystem services. This study provides new adjusted crop parameter values for monoculture plantations, particularly those that control surface runoff and baseflow processes, and it also describes the quantitative association between forest cover and flow indicators in a watershed, which will help regional planners in determining the minimum proportion of forest and the maximum proportion of plantation to ensure that a watershed can provide adequate ecosystem services.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Hayata Hayata ◽  
Ida Nursanti ◽  
Pandu Kriswibowo

Plant spacing is a factor influencing the growth of oil palm plants. Plant spacing is done to get an area for plant growth, to avoid a sun and nutrients competition for each oil palm plant, and to make it easier maintenance. This study aimed to see   the growth and production of oil palm at different planting distances. This research was carried out at the Oil Palm smallholder Plantation located in Suko Awinjaya Village, Sekernan District, Muaro Jambi Regeny, 64 kilometers (representing 8×8 m spacing) and 69 kilometers (representing 9×9 m spacing). This research was conducted in March-April 2019. The design of the experiment was carried out as an unformatted trial and the location was porpusively chosen as  there were a uniform plants in that location. Sampling determination of the locations was based on spacing differences e.g.  Planting distance 8 × 8 m (P1), Planting distance 9 × 9 m (P2). The Systemic Sampling method was used in this study. The parameters observed were plant height, stem circumference, weight of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), productivity, light intensity, air temperature, air humidity (%). A measured agronomic each observed parameter was analyzed by Independent t test (significant level of 5%). The result showed that the oil palm plantations with 8x8 m distance planted give a higher growth  and a smaller stem circumference than the 9x9m. While a higher both of Fresh Fruit Bunch Weight and productivity were obtained at a 9x9 m spacing than those at 8x8 m planted distance. Keywords: Spacing, Productivity, Oil Palm AbstrakJarak tanam merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit. Pengaturan jarak tanam adalah untuk mendapatkan ruang tumbuh bagi pertumbuhan tanaman guna menghindari kompetisi memperebutkan unsur hara dan matahari dari setiap tanaman kelapa sawit, serta mempermudah dalam pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa sawit pada jarak tanam yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat yang terletak di Desa Suko Awinjaya, Kecamatan Sekernan Kabupaten Muaro Jambi kilometer 64 (mewakili jarak tanam 8×8 m) dan kilometer 69 (mewakili jarak tanamn 9×9 m). Penelitian ini pada bulan Maret – April 2019. Rancangan Percobaan di lakukan dengan tidak terformat, dan lokasi dipilih secara sengaja karena pada lokasi tersebut terdapat tanaman yang diteliti dan seragam. Penentuan lokasi pengambilan sempel berdasarkan perbedaan jarak tanam yaitu: Jarak tanam 8×8 m (P1), Jarak tanam 9×9 m (P2) Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sistemik Sampling. Parameter yang diamati adalah Tinggi tanaman, Lingkar Batang, Berat Tandan Buah Segar (TBS), Produktivitas, Intesitas Cahaya, Suhu Udara, Kelembaban Udara (%), Tindakan Agronomi. Setiap parameter yang diamati dilakukan analisis  Independent t test pada taraf α 5 %. Tanaman Kelapa sawit yang ditanam pada jarak 8x8 m memberikan hasil pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi dan lingkaran yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan jarak tanam 9x9 m. Berat Tandan Buah Segar dan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi didapatkan pada jarak tanam 9x9 m dibandingkan dengan yang ditanam pada jarak 8x8 mKata kunci : Jarak Tanam, Produktivitas, Kelapa sawt


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