EFFECTIVE HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE (DORMEX®) APPLICATION FOR BUD BREAK, FLOWERING AND NUT YIELD OF PISTACHIO TREES CV. MATEUR IN WARM GROWING AREAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED GHRAB ◽  
MEHDI BEN MIMOUN
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Effective Hydrogen ◽  
Pistachio Trees

SUMMARYClimate change characterized by global warming is expected to have an incidence on fruit trees’ development and production. The severity of these effects depends on lack of chilling. The current study focused on the research of an optimal dose of hydrogen cyanamide (Dormex®) treatment which can advance the bud break of female pistachio trees (Pistacia veraL.) to ensure better blooming synchronization with pollinators. A field experiment was conducted in northern Tunisia (36°49′N, 9°48′E) on mature pistachio trees. Two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 2% and 4% Dormex® were applied with reference to the control untreated trees. The flowering time, vegetative growth, starch content, productivity and nut characters were followed. Results show that 4% Dormex® advanced the normal bud break by 15 days and flowering by 11 days and improved natural pollination by synchronization of male and female flowers. Consequently, fresh yield and nut quality as split and blank rates and nut weight were improved. However, shoot growth, leaf area and starch content in current shoot seemed unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide applications. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used as 4% Dormex® and sprayed 45 days before bud break to improve pistachio productivity and prevent anomalies of lack of chilling due to global warming that could be more frequent in the Mediterranean areas.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Hydrogen Cyanamide in Promoting Flower Bud Break in Blueberry

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiuying Xia ◽  
Lijia An
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Bud Breaking

Bud dormancy of deciduous fruit trees is a complex process that allows trees to survive long periods in adverse conditions during winter. Dormancy is a major obstacle for both fruit production in mild winter areas and off-season culture of fruit trees in protection facilities. It is very economically advantageous to be able to control the time point of bud break and consequently harvest in crops with high returns and short harvest seasons like blueberry (Vaccinium spp.). Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2 (HC)) treatment is an effective method to promote dormancy release and synchronize bud break in perennial deciduous fruit trees, including blueberry. However, there are few systematic studies of the metabolic changes that occur during HC-induced bud breaking. In this study, the metabolome of blueberry buds under forced conditions following HC and water treatment (control) was analyzed using gas chromatography paired with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOFMS) technology. A total of 252 metabolites were identified and 16 differential metabolites (VIP > 1, p < 0.05) were detected. The levels of several soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, maltose), organic acids (citric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric, succinic acid), and amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, phenylalanine) were upregulated, while tyrosine, tryptophan, and asparagine were significantly downregulated in HC-treated buds when compared with control buds. The synthesis and accumulation of phenylpropanoids (salicin, 4-vinylphenol, neohesperidin) were also promoted by HC. These results suggest that alteration of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increase, and phenylpropanoid accumulation were crucial in HC-promoted bud breaking in blueberry. This research extends our understanding of the mechanisms involved in dormancy release induced by HC and provides a theoretical basis for applying HC to accelerate bud break.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Bud Break, Fruit Yield and Quality of Highbush Blueberry in Greenhouse Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiuying Xia ◽  
Lijia An
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide

Highbush blueberries need sufficient chilling exposure to induce bud break and flowering, which limits their cultivation in warm areas as well as the profitability of protected cultivation in greenhouses. Hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2, HC), gibberellic acid (GA3), ethephon (CE), mineral oil (MO), and potassium nitrate (KNO3) are often applied to deciduous fruit trees to advance bud break and fruit set. In this study, experiments were conducted in northeast China to determine the effects of different concentrations of HC or HC in combination with GA3, CE, MO, and KNO3 on bud break, fruit quality, and fruit yield in greenhouse-grown highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The results showed that all of the treatment agents could advance bud break by at least 15 days and fruit ripening by 16 days compared to the control. In addition, all treatments could promote the development of flowers and fruits and shorten the flowering and harvest periods. Compared with the control, 0.5% HC or 0.67% HC treatment increased the fruit yield of 5-year-old and 7-year-old bushes, especially early yield. Experiments carried out over two consecutive years in two different varieties, namely ‘M7’ and ‘Brigitta’, further confirmed the positive effect of 0.67% HC application on fruit yield. The results also showed that 0.67% HC had no negative effects on fruit quality. These findings may encourage growers to consider spraying HC in greenhouses to increase fruit yield, especially early yield, in order to schedule the harvest time for a more lucrative marketing period.

Different rates of hydrogen cyanamide in bud break of ‘Rocha’ pear tree

2021 ◽  
pp. 313-316
Author(s):  
M.M. Fagherazzi ◽  
L. Rufato ◽  
A.A. Kretzschmar ◽  
A.F. Fagherazzi ◽  
B. Bem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bud Break ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanamide ◽  
Pear Tree

scholarly journals Cross-talk between active DNA demethylation, resetting of cellular metabolism and shoot apical growth in poplar bud break

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Conde ◽  
Mariano Perales ◽  
Anne-Laure Le Gac ◽  
Christopher Dervinis ◽  
Matias Kirst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Woody Perennials ◽  
Active Dna Demethylation ◽  
Dna Demethylase

AbstractAnnual dormancy-growth cycle is a developmental and physiological process essential for the survival of temperate and boreal forests. Seasonal control of shoot growth in woody perennials requires specific genetic programs integrated with the environmental signals. The environmental-controlled mechanisms that regulate the shift between winter dormancy to growth promoting genetic program are still unknown. Here, we show that dynamics in genomic DNA methylation (gDNA) levels regulate dormancy-growth cycle in poplar. We proved that the reactivation of cell division in the apical shoot that lead bud break process in spring, is preceded by a progressive reduction of gDNA methylation in apex tissue. We also identified that the induction in apex tissue of a chilling-dependent poplar DEMETER-LIKE 10 (PtaDML10) DNA demethylase precedes shoot growth reactivation. Transgenic poplars showing down-regulation of PtaDML8/10 caused delayed bud break. Genome wide transcriptome and methylome analysis and data mining revealed the gene targets of active DML-dependent DNA demethylation genetically associated to bud break. These data point to a chilling dependent-DEMETER-like DNA demethylase controlling the genetic shift from winter dormancy to a condition that promotes shoot apical vegetative growth in poplar.

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