RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROPPING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. RATHORE ◽  
N. S. NATHAWAT ◽  
B. MEEL ◽  
B. M. YADAV ◽  
J. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYThe choice of an appropriate cropping system is critical to maintaining or enhancing agricultural sustainability. Yield, profitability and water use efficiency are important factors for determining suitability of cropping systems in hot arid region. In a two-year field experiment (2009/10–2010/11) on loam sandy soils of Bikaner, India, the production potential, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of five cropping systems (groundnut–wheat, groundnut–isabgol, groundnut–chickpea, cluster bean–wheat and mung bean–wheat) each at six nutrient application rate (NAR) i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recommended dose of N and P (NP) and 100% NP + S were evaluated. The cropping systems varied significantly in terms of productivity, profitability and WUEs. Averaged across nutrient application regimes, groundnut–wheat rotation gave 300–1620 kg ha−1 and 957–3365 kg ha−1 higher grain and biomass yields, respectively, than other cropping systems. The mean annual net returns were highest for the mung bean–wheat system, which returned 32–57% higher net return than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat and cluster bean–wheat systems had higher WUE in terms of yields than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat system recorded 35–63% higher WUE in monetary terms compared with other systems. Nutrients application improved yields, profit and WUEs of cropping systems. Averaged across years and cropping systems, the application of 100% NP improved grain yields, returns and WUE by 1.7, 3.9 and 1.6 times than no application of nutrients. The results suggest that the profitability and WUEs of crop production in this hot arid environment can be improved, compared with groundnut–wheat cropping, by substituting groundnut by mung bean and nutrients application.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF LASER LEVELING TECHNOLOGY ON WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN THE COTTON –WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM IN SINDH

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-231
Author(s):  
Wajid Ali Shahani ◽  
Feng Kaiwen ◽  
Aslam Memon
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Use Efficiency

The crop productivity in Pakistan is very low as majority of the farmers are still practicing traditional farming techniques. The existing crop production technologies do not offer effective and efficient utilization of natural resources, particularly that of water. Moreover, a significant amount of irrigation water is wasted due to uneven fields and ditches. Unevenness of the soil surface also has a major impact on the germination, stand and yield of crops through nutrient water interaction and salt and soil moisture distribution pattern. Therefore, the water use efficiency along with yield per acre could be increase by adopting resource conservation technologies like laser leveling. A sample of 120 growers including 60 wheat growers and 60 cotton growers were selected from Mirpurkhas & Tando Allahyar districts of Sindh province of Pakistan. Study results revealed that about 21 percent irrigation water saved by the adoption of laser leveling technology and also obtained higher yield and profit margins comparatively. Study concluded that adoption of laser leveling technology helps in reducing the farm input costs, improve water use efficiency and enhance crop productivity.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Intensification of Crop Production—Yield Gaps and Water Use Efficiency in Farming Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Anita Ierna
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Yield Gaps ◽  
Use Efficiency

The primary objective of any cropping system continues to be increasing the productivity and profitability of crops [...]

Evaluation of diversified rice-based cropping system for higher productivity under irrigated ecosystem of Central Bihar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIVANI . ◽  
SANJEEV KUMAR ◽  
R. D. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Lady’S Finger ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Potato Onion

A field experiment was conducted at Patna under irrigated condition to evaluate the production potential, water use efficiency and economics of eight rice- based cropping systems involving pulse/oilseed/vegetables as second or third crop. During all the year of experimentations, there were significant variations among cropping systems. Inclusion of pulse/oilseed/vegetables gave higher production and monetary gain over existing rice-wheat system. Maximum rice equivalent yield was recorded in rice-tomato-bottle gourd (39.64 t/ha) followed by rice-potato-onion (29.55 t/ha). Maximum water-use-efficiency was recorded in rice-bottle gourd-tomato (155.2 kg/ha/cm) followed by rice-potato-onion (112.3 kg/ha/cm) and minimum in rice- wheat cropping system (59.2 kg/ha/cm). Highest net return of Rs. 1, 38,905/ha was obtained with rice-tomato-bottle gourd followed by rice-potato-onion (Rs. 97,850/ha) and rice-coriander-lady’s finger (Rs. 96,188/ha). Highest net profit on per rupee investment was also recorded with rice-tomato-bottle gourd (2.64) followed by rice-coriander-lady’s finger (2.49).

Water use efficiency of spring wheat in the semi-arid Canadian prairies: Effect of legume green manure, type of spring wheat, and cropping frequency

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kröbel ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. Zentner ◽  
B. McConkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Legume Green Manure

Kröbel, R., Lemke, R., Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R., McConkey, B., Steppuhn, H., De Jong, R. and Wang, H. 2014. Water use efficiency of spring wheat in the semi-arid Canadian prairies: Effect of legume green manure, type of spring wheat, and cropping frequency. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 223–235. In the semi-arid Canadian prairie, water is the main determinant of crop production; thus its efficient use is of major agronomic interest. Previous research in this region has demonstrated that the most meaningful way to measure water use efficiency (WUE) is to use either precipitation use efficiency (PUE) or a modified WUE that accounts for the inefficient use of water in cropping systems that include summer fallow. In this paper, we use these efficiency measures to determine how cropping frequency, inclusion of a legume green manure, and the type of spring wheat [high-yielding Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) vs. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS)] influence WUE using 25 yr of data (1987–2011) from the “New Rotation” experiment conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. This is a well-fertilized study that uses minimum and no-tillage techniques and snow management to enhance soil water capture. We compare these results to those from a 39-yr “Old Rotation” experiment, also at Swift Current, which uses conventional tillage management. Our results confirmed the positive effect on WUE of cropping intensity, and of CPS wheat compared with CWRS wheat, while demonstrating the negative effect on WUE of a green manure crop in wheat-based rotations in semiarid conditions. Furthermore, we identified a likely advantage of using reduced tillage coupled with water conserving snow management techniques for enhancing the efficiency of water use.

Wheat production in an arid environment. 1. Water-use efficiency, as affected by management practices

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Amir ◽  
J. Krikun ◽  
D. Orion ◽  
J. Putter ◽  
S. Klitman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Improving Water Use Efficiency in Agronomic Crop Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahsan Zahoor ◽  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Aftab Wajid ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Maize Crop Production and Water Use Efficiency as Affected by Planting Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Iqbal Hassan . ◽  
Zahid Hussain .
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Growth, yield, water use efficiency and competitive functions of intercropping system of maize (Zea mays L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as influenced by irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Roy ◽  
M Barman ◽  
AM Puste ◽  
SK Gunri ◽  
K Jana
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Jaguli (Mohanpur), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during two consecutive summer seasons of 2010-11, and 2011-12. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having 4 levels of irrigation– rainfed without mulch, rainfed with mulch, irrigation at IW (depth of irrigation water) / CPE (Cumulative pan evaporation) ratios of 0.5 and 0.75 in main-plot and 4 inter cropping systems, sole maize, sole mungbean, maize + mungbean (1:1 row ratio) and maize + mungbean (3:2 row ratio) considered as sub-plot treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that application of irrigation and intercropping systems markedly influenced the growth, yield and yield components (number of cobs/plant, number of grains/cob in case of maize and number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod in case of mungbean) where the maximum value of these components were recorded with the application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.75 in sole crop. Maize-mungbean in 3:2 row ratio yielded higher than that of 1:1 intercropping system which might be due to less light interception and more competition for water and nutrition between both the crops. CU of water increased with the increasing levels of irrigation and the maximum value (17.75 kg ha-1 mm- 1) of WUE (water use efficiency) was observed with irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 0.75 under intercropping system of maize : mungbean in 3:2 row ratio followed by IW: CPE ratio 0.50. Among the sole crop, maximum WUE was with IW/CPE ratio 0.75 might be due to more consumption of water corresponding to production potential of maize, while, it was more under rainfed with mulch in mungbean. The relative crowding coefficient (RCC) also revealed both the intercropping systems were advantageous and the land equivalent ratio (LER) increased with the level of irrigation.Thus, maize grown in association with mungbean (3:2 row ratio) were found to be more profitable (B:C ratio of 2.58) with higher monetary advantage as compared to sole crop of maize (B:C ratio of 1.98) with the application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.75 in new alluvial zone of West Bengal.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 94-107 (2015)

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