scholarly journals Productivity and water use efficiency of intensified dryland cropping systems under low precipitation in Pacific Northwest, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 107787
Author(s):  
John D. Williams ◽  
Dan S. Long ◽  
Catherine L. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Precipitation

RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROPPING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID INDIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. RATHORE ◽  
N. S. NATHAWAT ◽  
B. MEEL ◽  
B. M. YADAV ◽  
J. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYThe choice of an appropriate cropping system is critical to maintaining or enhancing agricultural sustainability. Yield, profitability and water use efficiency are important factors for determining suitability of cropping systems in hot arid region. In a two-year field experiment (2009/10–2010/11) on loam sandy soils of Bikaner, India, the production potential, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of five cropping systems (groundnut–wheat, groundnut–isabgol, groundnut–chickpea, cluster bean–wheat and mung bean–wheat) each at six nutrient application rate (NAR) i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recommended dose of N and P (NP) and 100% NP + S were evaluated. The cropping systems varied significantly in terms of productivity, profitability and WUEs. Averaged across nutrient application regimes, groundnut–wheat rotation gave 300–1620 kg ha−1 and 957–3365 kg ha−1 higher grain and biomass yields, respectively, than other cropping systems. The mean annual net returns were highest for the mung bean–wheat system, which returned 32–57% higher net return than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat and cluster bean–wheat systems had higher WUE in terms of yields than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat system recorded 35–63% higher WUE in monetary terms compared with other systems. Nutrients application improved yields, profit and WUEs of cropping systems. Averaged across years and cropping systems, the application of 100% NP improved grain yields, returns and WUE by 1.7, 3.9 and 1.6 times than no application of nutrients. The results suggest that the profitability and WUEs of crop production in this hot arid environment can be improved, compared with groundnut–wheat cropping, by substituting groundnut by mung bean and nutrients application.

scholarly journals Growth, yield, water use efficiency and competitive functions of intercropping system of maize (Zea mays L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as influenced by irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Roy ◽  
M Barman ◽  
AM Puste ◽  
SK Gunri ◽  
K Jana
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Plot Design

Field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Jaguli (Mohanpur), Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during two consecutive summer seasons of 2010-11, and 2011-12. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design having 4 levels of irrigation– rainfed without mulch, rainfed with mulch, irrigation at IW (depth of irrigation water) / CPE (Cumulative pan evaporation) ratios of 0.5 and 0.75 in main-plot and 4 inter cropping systems, sole maize, sole mungbean, maize + mungbean (1:1 row ratio) and maize + mungbean (3:2 row ratio) considered as sub-plot treatments replicated thrice. Results revealed that application of irrigation and intercropping systems markedly influenced the growth, yield and yield components (number of cobs/plant, number of grains/cob in case of maize and number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod in case of mungbean) where the maximum value of these components were recorded with the application of irrigation at IW/CPE ratio 0.75 in sole crop. Maize-mungbean in 3:2 row ratio yielded higher than that of 1:1 intercropping system which might be due to less light interception and more competition for water and nutrition between both the crops. CU of water increased with the increasing levels of irrigation and the maximum value (17.75 kg ha-1 mm- 1) of WUE (water use efficiency) was observed with irrigation at IW: CPE ratio 0.75 under intercropping system of maize : mungbean in 3:2 row ratio followed by IW: CPE ratio 0.50. Among the sole crop, maximum WUE was with IW/CPE ratio 0.75 might be due to more consumption of water corresponding to production potential of maize, while, it was more under rainfed with mulch in mungbean. The relative crowding coefficient (RCC) also revealed both the intercropping systems were advantageous and the land equivalent ratio (LER) increased with the level of irrigation.Thus, maize grown in association with mungbean (3:2 row ratio) were found to be more profitable (B:C ratio of 2.58) with higher monetary advantage as compared to sole crop of maize (B:C ratio of 1.98) with the application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.75 in new alluvial zone of West Bengal.SAARC J. Agri., 13(2): 94-107 (2015)

Evapotranspiration and water use efficiency in different-aged Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 149 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 1168-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachhpal S. Jassal ◽  
T. Andrew Black ◽  
David L. Spittlehouse ◽  
Christian Brümmer ◽  
Zoran Nesic
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals A Review on Managing Agroecosystems for Improved Water Use Efficiency in the Face of Changing Climate in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Kimaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Use Efficiency

Agroecosystems are important for food production and conservation of biodiversity while continuing to provide several ecosystem services within the landscape. Despite their economic and ecological benefits, most agroecosystems in Tanzania are degraded at alarming rates. Rapid increase of human population and unprecedented impacts of climate change have influenced depletion of natural resource base within agroecosystem in recent decades compared to what communities have experienced before. Increased food demands owing to population increase have increased pressure on exploitation of land resources including water. Cultivation area and irrigation water demands have increased steadily in the last six decades. Nevertheless, approaches used for water supply have not been improved; thus, water use efficiency in most irrigation schemes is quite poor. Conversely, climate smart agricultural practices are practiced less in Tanzania. There is poor adoption of recommended adaptation among smallholder farmers due to several socioeconomic reasons. One of the key objectives of climate smart agriculture is to improve bio-geochemical interactions within landscape and decrease competition of natural resources between humans and other component of agroecosystems. This underscores the assumptions that most cropping systems in Tanzania are not managed sustainably. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of hydrological dynamics within smallholder farming in Tanzania is highly lacking. Therefore, actual causes and extent of water resources depletion are largely unknown among stakeholders. In most tropical landscapes, water resources degradation is influenced by interaction of both anthropogenic and biophysical factors operating at different times and space scales. As the capacity of water-supplying sources continues to decline, Tanzania needs profound changes in agricultural production systems in order to nourish the growing human population. This calls for strategic approaches that have wider adaptability. A literature survey study with the following objectives was conducted (i) to assess current state of agricultural water use and irrigation activities in Tanzania and (ii) to determine major constraints for sustainable water management and identify appropriate adaptation measures for their improvement across diverse cropping systems.

scholarly journals Efficient use of water and nutrients in irrigated cropping systems in the Alqueva region

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Tomaz ◽  
Manuel Patanita ◽  
Isabel Guerreiro ◽  
José Dôres ◽  
Luis Boteta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

In the region of Alentejo, Southern Portugal, as a consequence of the implementation of the Alqueva global irrigation system, agriculture intensification is challenging the sustainability of the farming systems. The demand for water and for fertilizers is increasing but so is the demand for water use efficiency (WUE) and for nutrient use efficiency (NUE). Increasing resource-use efficiency while reducing yield gaps can be addressed by suitable agricultural management practices, as in the case of crop rotations. Based on a demonstration project carried out in two farms located in Baixo Alentejo, within the Alqueva irrigation network, soil fertility parameters, WUE and NUE (for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were studied in three maize-based cropping systems: a maize monoculture (M-M) and two rotations, barley+maize-barley (BM-B) and sunflower-barley+maize (S-BM). The total soil organic matter content increased in the two rotations, an important observation especially in soils with low organic content. The final balance of extractable phosphorus and potassium was positive in the BM-B rotation. Water use efficiency values point to a less balanced performance of the S-BM rotation. The WUE and the nitrogen NUE in the different crops and rotations followed a similar pattern. The M-M and BM-B crop successions showed the best indicators of NUE for nitrogen and phosphorus. In all the cropping systems, the potassium NUE was low, suggesting the need to carefully equate the additions of this nutrient by fertilization.

scholarly journals Trends and controls on water-use efficiency of an old-growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 074029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyang Jiang ◽  
Christopher J Still ◽  
Bharat Rastogi ◽  
Gerald F M Page ◽  
Sonia Wharton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Exploiting Cropping Management to Improve Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Drylands of Eastern Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mulebeke ◽  
Geoffrey Kironchi ◽  
Moses M. Tenywa
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Eastern Uganda

<p>A remarkable challenge lies in maximizing agricultural water productivity, particularly in the drought prone regions of sub Saharan Africa. It is hypothesized that water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased by selection of appropriate cropping management systems. This study seeks to establish the effects of cropping management on water use efficiency in cassava-sorghum cropping systems in the drylands of eastern Uganda. A randomised complete block design (RCBD) consisting of six treatments: sole cassava, sole sorghum, sole cowpea, cassava + sorghum, cassava + cowpea, and sorghum + cowpea, replicated three times were used. Two tillage practices; mouldboard ploughing (Mb) and, ripping (Rp) were used to assess the effect of tillage. WUE (kg ha<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-1</sup>) was calculated as a ratio of yield (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) to evapotranspiration (ET) (mm). ET was estimated using the soil water balance. WUE varied significantly (?= 0.05) between cropping systems with the highest observed in cassava (34.38 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-1</sup>) while the lowest was 3.76 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-1</sup> for sorghum. WUE did not differ appreciably in both Mb and Rp tillage practices. Farmers growing sole cassava could use either of the tillage practices. The best yield was recorded in cassava + cowpea cropping system under Mb ploughing and sole sorghum under Rp gave the poorest combined yield (1,676 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Effects of Cumin/Maize Intercropping on Crop Productivity, Interspecific Interaction and Water Use Efficiency in the Semi-arid Area of Northwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
W. L. Zhang ◽  
J. R. Shao ◽  
L. Shen ◽  
T. T. Liu ◽  
Tayir Tohti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid

In the semi-arid areas of Xinjiang in China, the agricultural community is facing long-term challenges in improving crop productivity and economic profits. A potential way to improve crop productivity is by intercropping food crops with cash crops. In this two-year field experimental study, we analyzed the advantages of the cumin/maize intercropping system as compared to cultivating them separately from three perspectives: crop growth, interspecific interactions, and water use efficiency. At the experimental site, each cropping systems (i.e., the cumin/maize intercropping system, monocropping cumin system, and monocropping maize system) had three replicates. In the experimental of 2019 and 2020, the three cropping systems showed significant differences in plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area index (LAI). The yields of the cumin/maize intercropping system were both lower than monocropping maize and cumin. However, the cumin/maize intercropping system had a higher land equivalent ratio (LER) than either of the monocropping systems, with a two-year average value of 1.65. Intercropped cumin was less dominant; as shown by aggressivity (Acm; averaging&mdash;0.22) and relative crowding coefficient (Rcm; averaging&mdash;3.15). In addition, the cumin/maize intercropping system significantly improved the Water equivalent ratio (WER) as compared to the monocropping systems, with a two-year average value of 1.67. Therefore, the cumin/maize intercropping system is a promising agricultural strategy to improve the utilization rate of agricultural resources and economic benefits in Xinjiang.

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