New evidence on the vertebrate fauna, stratigraphy and palaeobotany of the interglacial deposits at Swanton Morley, Norfolk

1980 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Coxon ◽  
A. R. Hall ◽  
A. Lister ◽  
A. J. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
New Record ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Trapa Natans ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
New Evidence

SummaryThe stratigraphy and palaeobotany of new in situ exposures of interglacial deposits at Swanton Morley, Norfolk are described. These organic sediments, which probably accumulated in a river back channel, are shown to cover pollen zones Ib to IIb of the Ipswichian interglacial. Macroscopic plant fossils include a new record for Trapa natans from subzone Ip IIb. Vertebrate remains from the new excavations, and from previous finds, have been pollen-dated. The Ip IIa fauna, the first recorded from this subzone, includes Emys orbicularis, small mammals including Microtus oeconomus, and some large mammals. Hippopotamus amphibies is recorded from early zone Ip III. Of particular interest are hazelnuts gnawed by Apodemus, and large mammal bones damaged by Crocuta.

scholarly journals Preclinical trial of a MAP4K4 inhibitor to reduce infarct size in the pig: does cardioprotection in human stem cell-derived myocytes predict success in large mammals?

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike te Lintel Hekkert ◽  
Gary Newton ◽  
Kathryn Chapman ◽  
Rehan Aqil ◽  
Robert Downham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Preclinical Trial ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Technical Issues

AbstractReducing infarct size (IS) by interfering with mechanisms for cardiomyocyte death remains an elusive goal. DMX-5804, a selective inhibitor of the stress-activated kinase MAP4K4, suppresses cell death in mouse myocardial infarction (MI), human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), and 3D human engineered heart tissue, whose fidelity to human biology is hoped to strengthen the route to clinical success. Here, DMX-10001, a soluble, rapidly cleaved pro-drug of DMX-5804, was developed for i.v. testing in large-mammal MI. Following pharmacodynamic studies, a randomized, blinded efficacy study was performed in swine subjected to LAD balloon occlusion (60 min) and reperfusion (24 h). Thirty-six animals were enrolled; 12 were excluded by pre-defined criteria, death before infusion, or technical issues. DMX-10001 was begun 20 min before reperfusion (30 min, 60 mg/kg/h; 23.5 h, 17 mg/kg/h). At all times tested, beginning 30 min after the start of infusion, DMX-5804 concentrations exceeded > fivefold the levels that rescued hPSC-CMs and reduced IS in mice after oral dosing with DMX-5804 itself. No significant reduction occurred in IS or no-reflow corrected for the area at ischemic risk, even though DMX-10001 reduced IS, expressed in grams or % of LV mass, by 27%. In summary, a rapidly cleaved pro-drug of DMX-5804 failed to reduce IS in large-mammal MI, despite exceeding the concentrations for proven success in both mice and hPSC-CMs.

Sustainable use of wildlife in western New South Wales: Possibilities and problems.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Croft
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Wildlife Tourism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wild Progenitors ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
New Evidence

Sustainable use of wildlife has become equated with exploitation of animal products (meat, skin or feathers) and/or removal of wild progenitors into the pet trade. This consumption of the wildlife is therefore largely ex situ and so removes nutrients and energy from the rangelands. Demand for lethal or a removal action is often driven by the severity of the perceived conflict between the wildlife and other enterprises, especially agriculture, rather than for the resulting products. Such uses also raise community concerns about humane treatment of animals and a valuing of the natural heritage. Wildlife-based tourism, as part of the valuable and growing nature-based or ecotourism industry in Australia, is an in situ use that may be a more ecologically sustainable and economically twble option for use of rangeland wildlife. This paper examines these possibilities and their problems with a focus on the commercial kangaroo industry and the use of arid-zone mammals, birds and reptiles for pets. It provides new evidence that wildlife-tourism based on free-living kangaroos in the rangelands is both feasible and in demand. This industry should be given advocacy in the on-going debate on the management and future of the rangelands. Key words: kangaroos, wildlife management, wildlife tourism, game harvesting

Abstract 426: Laminin Downregulation Facilitates Cardiomyocyte Coupling in situ to Increase Contractile Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Sessions ◽  
Gaurav Kaushik ◽  
Adam Engler
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Muscle Physiology ◽  
Heart Tube ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Evidence

Aging is associated with extensive remodeling of the heart, including basement membrane extracellular matrix (ECM) components that surround cardiomyocytes. Remodeling is thought to contribute to impaired cardiac mechanotransduction, but the contribution of specific basement membrane ECM components to age-related cardiac remodeling is unclear, owing to current model systems being complex and slow to age. To investigate the effect of basement membrane remodeling on mechanical function in genetically tractable, rapidly aging, and simple model organisms, we employed Drosophila melanogaster, which has a simple trilayered heart tube composed of only basement membrane ECM. We observed differential regulation of collagens between laboratory Drosophila strains , i.e. yellow-white ( yw ) and white-1118 ( w 1118 ), leading to changes in muscle physiology, which were linked to severity of dysfunction with age. Therefore, we sought to understand the extent to which basement membrane ECM modulates lateral cardiomyocyte coupling and contractile function during aging. Cardiac-restricted knockdown of ECM genes Pericardin , Laminin A , and Viking in Drosophila prevented age-associated heart tube restriction and increased contractility, even under viscous load. Most notably, reduction of Laminin A expression decreased levels of other genes that co-assemble in ECM, leading to overall preservation of contractile velocity and extension of median organismal lifespan by 3 weeks or 39%. These data provide new evidence of a direct link between basement membrane ECM homeostasis, contractility, and maintenance of lifespan.

Abstract 1581: Extension of Titin as a Function of Filling Pressure and Sarcomere Length in the Porcine Left Ventricle

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M LeWinter ◽  
Joseph Popper ◽  
Lori Nyland ◽  
Stephen B Bell ◽  
Henk Granzier
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Sarcomere Length ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Passive Tension ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Myocardial Stiffness ◽  
Sarcomeric Protein ◽  
Equilibrium Volume ◽  
Slack Length

The giant sarcomeric protein titin is a molecular spring that is the chief source of cardiomyocyte passive tension and a major determinant of myocardial stiffness. The spring portion is located in the I band and consists of PEVK, Ig repeat and N2B and N2A elements. Titin occurs as two isoforms. N2B is a smaller and stiffer isoform that contains only the N2B element and predominates in the left ventricle (LV) of rodents. N2BA titin contains both N2A and N2B elements. N2B and N2BA are co-expressed in the sarcomere of large mammals (~60:40 ratio). As a result, passive cardiomyocyte and myocardial stiffness in large mammals is less than in rodents. Details of titin extension as a function of sarcomere length (SL) have been elucidated in rodents but not in large mammals, where the presence of both isoforms would be expected to modify extension and passive tension. Accordingly, we studied titin extension in miniswine. We first established the relation between filling pressure and SL in the anterior LV wall of the in situ, freshly arrested (KCl) heart. SL was determined over a range of filling pressures using a light microscopic method that minimizes shrinkage. At equilibrium volume (transmural pressure 0 mmHg), SL was between 2.00–2.10 μm, longer than slack length of ~1.85 μm in muscle strips. SL reached a maximum of ~2.50 βm when the LV was over-distended (filling pressure >40 mmHg). We then examined extension of titin in myocardial strips using electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of selected epitopes. The chief difference between isoforms was that the N2B-Us epitope segment in N2B titin lengthened ~four times more than the N2B-Us segment in N2BA titin over SLs from ~1.80 to ~2.50 μm. This difference remained large over the SL range present in the in situ LV. Linear fits of the measured end-to-end length of N2B-Us segments were used to estimate the force-SL relation of single N2B and N2BA molecules. This analysis predicted a much steeper relation for N2B titin. Thus, over the range of SLs present in the in situ LV the most prominent difference in extension of N2B and N2BA titin is greater lengthening of the N2B segment of N2B titin. This predicts a much greater in situ stiffness for N2B titin and demonstrates how passive stiffness can be exquisitely controlled by varying isoform expression.

Insights into Emydid Turtle Cytogenetics: The European Pond Turtle as a Model Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Iannucci ◽  
Marta Svartman ◽  
Massimo Bellavita ◽  
Guido Chelazzi ◽  
Roscoe Stanyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Pond Turtle ◽  
Cytogenetic Data ◽  
Cryptic Sex

Our knowledge of Testudines evolution is limited by the lack of modern cytogenetic data. Compared to other reptiles, there is little information even on chromosome banding, let alone molecular cytogenetic data. Here, we provide detailed information on the karyotype of the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis, a model Emydidae, employing both chromosome banding and molecular cytogenetics. We provide a high-resolution G-banded karyotype and a map of rDNA genes and telomeric sequences using fluorescence in situ hybridization. We test hypotheses of sex-determining mechanisms in Emys by comparative genomic hybridization to determine if Emys has a cryptic sex-specific region. Our results provide valuable data to guide future efforts on genome sequencing and anchoring in Emydidae and for understanding karyotype evolution in Testudines.

The Oldest Bryozoans: New Evidence From the Late Tremadocian (Early Ordovician) of East Yangtze Gorges in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 1308-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Sheng Xia ◽  
Sen-Gui Zhang ◽  
Zong-Zhe Wang
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Early Ordovician ◽  
The World ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
New Bryozoans

Previous reports of Cambrian bryozoans have proved not to be bryozoans. No pre-Ordovician bryozoans have been recognized. The oldest unequivocal bryozoans known from North America, Britain, and Russia are evidently of early Arenigian age. New bryozoans recently collected from the Fenxiang Formation in the Daping and Guanzhuangping sections, situated in the area east of the Yangtze Gorges, are described here, including one new genus, Orbiramus, and six new species, Nekhorosheviella nodulifera, N. semisphaerica, Orbiramus normalis, O. ovalis, O. minus, and Prophyllodictya prisca. These are assigned to the Trepostomida, apart from the last species which belongs to the Cryptostomida. The new bryozoans are from the conodont Paltodus deltifer deltifer Zone of the late Tremadocian age, the first three species possibly being present in the P. deltifer pristinus Subzone at the base. Therefore, they are the oldest bryozoans known from anywhere in the world. Extensive reefs resulting from a major regression in the late Tremadocian were dominated by bryozoans in the upper Fenxiang Formation. The bryozoans lived in a shoal environment and accumulated essentially in situ, showing no signs of significant transportation.

New record of Munidopsis taiwanica (Decapoda, Anomura) from a mud volcano field in the Mariana Trench, with in-situ observations on habitat

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Dong ◽  
Xinzheng Li
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Squat Lobster ◽  
The World ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Seafloor Sediments ◽  
Squat Lobsters

Squat lobsters are prevalent in chemosynthetic environments but have been insufficiently studied in mud volcano habitats. An abyssal species,Munidopsis taiwanicaOsawa, Lin & Chan, 2008 was recently collected in a mud volcano field in the Mariana Trench at a depth greater than 5000 m, which represents a new distributional record. Its diagnostic characters are presented in this study. In-situ observation suggested thatM. taiwanicawas closely associated with this chemosynthetic environment and probably exhibited camouflage behaviour by attaching seafloor sediments onto its body.Munidopsis taiwanicais the first confirmed species of squat lobster found in the mud volcano environment, and currently represents the deepest record (5491 m) of squat lobsters in the world.

Metal sources and ore genesis of the Wusihe Pb-Zn deposit in Sichuan, China: New evidence from in-situ S and Pb isotopes

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3783-3796
Author(s):  
WEI Chen ◽  
◽  
YE Lin ◽  
LI ZhenLi ◽  
HU YuSi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pb Isotopes ◽  
Ore Genesis ◽  
Metal Sources ◽  
New Evidence
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