An Eocene anchovy from Monte Bolca, Italy: The earliest known record for the family Engraulidae

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE MARRAMÀ ◽  
GIORGIO CARNEVALE
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Small Needle

AbstractEngraulids, also known as anchovies, are a distinctive group of clupeoid fishes characterized by a series of derived morphological features of the snout and infraorbital bones, suspensorium and branchial arches. Although anchovies are very abundant today, they are scarcely represented in the fossil record. A new genus and species of anchovy, †Eoengraulis fasoloigen. et sp. nov., is described from the Eocene (late Ypresian,c. 50 Ma) locality of Monte Bolca, Italy. It is based on a single well-preserved articulated skeleton that exhibits a unique combination of characters that supports its recognition as a new genus of the family Engraulidae, including: nine branchiostegal rays; 40 preural vertebrae and 17 pairs of pleural ribs; pleural ribs – preural vertebrae ratio 0.42; seven supraneurals; dorsal-fin origin at about mid-length of the body; about 16 dorsal-fin rays; anal-fin origin slightly behind the base of the last dorsal-fin ray; 19 anal-fin rays; seven pelvic-fin rays; and small needle-like pre-pelvic scutes. The morphological structure of the single available specimen suggests that †Eoengraulis fasoloiis the sister taxon of all other engrauline taxa. †Eoengraulis fasoloiis the oldest member of the family Engraulidae known to date. This taxon suggests that the earliest phases of diversification of engrauline anchovies probably occurred in the coastal palaeobiotopes of the western Tethys during Eocene time.

scholarly journals New species of Eugerres from the Usumacinta Province, México and Guatemala with a redescription of E. mexicanus (Steindachner, 1863) (Teleostei: Gerreidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian F. Gonzalez-Acosta ◽  
Rocio Rodiles-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Eugerres castroaguirrei, new species is described from the río Grijalva-Usumacinta basin of southeastern Mexico and northern Guatemala. Eugerres castroaguirrei and E. mexicanus are distinguishable from their marine estuarine congeners by the dorsal-fin origin posterior to the insertion of the pectoral and pelvic fins, a shorter and broad based supraoccipital crest, and a distinct geographic distribution restricted to freshwater habitats. Eugerres castroaguirrei differs from E. mexicanus by diagnostic characters of the body skeleton: anterior process of supraoccipital convex, infraorbital 1 with foramen, premaxillary ascending process developed with margins curved, pharyngeal plate granular and not serially arranged, and dorsal and anal fin-rays reduced. Likewise, E. castroaguirrei is characterized by an oblong and laterally thicker body (37.6-58.5% HL); greater body depth (33.8-42.1% SL), and eye diameter (23.3-31.6% HL); in addition to 16 significant morphometric characters: length of the second dorsal-fin spine 23.2-34.2% SL; depressed second dorsal-fin spine (extending to base of third to fourth dorsal-fin rays); length of second anal-fin spine 11.1-20.6% SL, depressed second anal-fin spine extending to the base of third to fourth anal-fin rays not reaching the distal point of last anal-fin ray; pelvic-fin spine length 49.7-65.0% in the first pelvic-fin ray length

Two new dwarfgobies from the Southwestern Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Eviota)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3572 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. GREENFIELD ◽  
RICHARD WINTERBOTTOM
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Canal ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Pectoral Fin Rays ◽  
Fin Spines ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Two species of Eviota with red or orange bars crossing the body, a bifurcated 4th pelvic-fin ray with two long branches,and lacking many or all cephalic sensory-canal pores are described from Palau, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea. Eviotajewettae has a dorsal/anal fin-ray formula of 8/8, 98% of the specimens lack all cephalic sensory-canal pores, 2–4 lowerpectoral-fin rays branched; non-filamentous dorsal-fin spines; short tubular anterior nares that are not black and are lessthan ½ pupil diameter in length, and five wide bars across the body. Eviota pinocchioi has a dorsal/anal fin-ray formulaof 9/8, always lacks the POP and IT pores and the PITO and AITO pores are fused in about 50% of the specimens, un-branched pectoral-fin rays, males with filamentous dorsal-fin spines, tubular anterior nares black and very long, almost equal to the pupil diameter, and six narrow bars across body.

scholarly journals Scorpaena decemradiata new species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, a species distinct from Scorpaena porcus

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Ronald Fricke ◽  
Daniel Golani ◽  
Brenda Appelbaum-Golani ◽  
Uwe Zajonz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Northern Red Sea ◽  
Scorpaena Porcus

The scorpionfish Scorpaena decemradiata n. sp. is described from off the coast of Israel in the Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea. The new species is similar to S. porcus Linnaeus, 1758, but is characterized by dorsal fin spines XII, soft dorsal fin rays 10 (the last divided at base); pectoral fin rays 16, uppermost branched pectoral fin ray is the second; lacrimal with 2 spines over maxilla that point at nearly right angle from each other, the posterior pointing ventrally and slightly anteriorly; occipital pit well developed; anteriormost mandibular lateral-line pores small, separated; scales ctenoid; 59-62 scale rows in longitudinal series; scales absent on chest and pectoral fin base; and cirri developed over entire head and body, but no cirri on lower jaw. An updated checklist of the species of the genus Scorpaena Linnaeus, 1758 and a key to the species of the eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea are presented.

scholarly journals Sinorhodeus microlepis, a new genus and species of bitterling from China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Acheilognathinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4353 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAN LI ◽  
TE-YU LIAO ◽  
RYOICHI ARAI ◽  
LIANGJIE ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Chongqing City ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Pharyngeal Teeth ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Black Blotch

A new genus and species, Sinorhodeus microlepis gen. et sp. nov., is described from a tributary of the Yangtze River, in Chongqing City, China. Sinorhodeus gen. nov. can be distinguished from four closely related genera, Paratanakia, Pseudorhodeus, Rhodeus, and Tanakia, by the following combination of characters: pharyngeal teeth 0,0,4–4,0,0, longitudinal scales 41–46, white spots on dorsal-fin rays absent, a black blotch on dorsal fin in juvenile absent, and less developed wing-like yolk sac projections in larvae. Phylogenetic analysis of one mitochondrial gene and six nuclear genes supports the establishment of the new genus. 

scholarly journals Note on a Leptocephalus Stage of the Conger

1920 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ford
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Close Resemblance ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Glass Aquarium

On September 17th, 1919, a specimen of Leptocephalus Congri vulgaris (L. Morrisii) was captured in “bottom” haul No. 69 of the young fish trawl in locality Eddystone bearing S. by W. (magnetic) 1½ miles, over a depth of 31 fathoms. It was alive and active when taken, measuring between 115 and 120 mm. in length, and has been kept alive up to the present date in a glass aquarium under circulation. It was at a fairly advanced stage of development, intermediate between those exhibited in Figs. 2 and 3, Pl. I of Schmidt (1), the dorsal fin commencing slightly farther back than in Fig. 3, and the median row of pigment spots along either side of the body not extending forward beyond about 1 cm. in front of the commencement of the dorsal fin. There is a close resemblance also to the specimen figured by Fulton (2), with the exception that, as just pointed out, the median row of pigment along the body on either side does not reach forward quite to the head, and in addition the pigment spots at the base of the dorsal fin rays are only two or three in number, situated at the extreme posterior end of the fin.Since the date of capture, observations 'have been made periodically and certain measurements taken as accurately as possible, but on account of the movements of the fish the latter could only be obtained approximately.

Validity of Psammoperca datnioides Richardson 1848 and redescriptions of P. waigiensis Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828 and Hypopterus macropterus (Günther 1859) in the family Latidae (Perciformes) from the Indo-West Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4402 (3) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUKIO IWATSUKI ◽  
STEPHEN J. NEWMAN ◽  
FUMIYA TANAKA ◽  
BARRY C. RUSSELL
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Psammoperca Waigiensis

Psammoperca datnioides Richardson 1848, long considered a synonym of P. waigiensis (Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1828), is redescribed as a valid species of Psammoperca Richardson 1848. The species is likely to be endemic to Australia, where it was formerly considered to be P. waigiensis, but differs from P. waigiensis in having the following characters: more slender body (mean depth 28.9% of SL vs. mean depth 36.7% of SL in P.  waigiensis), pored lateral-line scales 49–54 (vs. 46–48 in P. waigiensis), scale rows above and below lateral line 6½ / 10½–11½ (vs 4½ / 9½–10½ in P. waigiensis), and vertical at hind margin of maxilla posterior/behind center of eye (vs. vertical at hind margin of maxilla anterior to/in front of hind margin of eye in P. waigiensis). Live specimens of Psammoperca datnioides have a uniformly dense black or brownish body, with this dark colour on body scales and pored lateral-line scales persisting even in preserved specimens. Live specimens of Psammoperca waigiensis have a brownish body, often golden in colour, and pored lateral-line scales that are yellow-edged. The COI sequence (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 612 bp) of P. datnioides also is distinct from P. waigiensis, and the related and poorly known Hypopterus macropterus (Günther 1859). The latter species is redescribed and diagnosed with eight indistinct dark bands on the head and body, and dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 14–15 (vs. no dark bands and dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 12–13 in Psammoperca). Nominal species in the genus Psammoperca are discussed and Cnidon chinensis Müller & Troschel 1849 (type locality: Manila, Philippines) is included as a junior synonym of P. waigiensis. Psammoperca vaigiensis Boulenger 1895 is an unneeded emendation and thus an invalid name. Psammoperca macroptera Günther 1859 is retained in the monotypic genus Hypopterus Gill 1861 in the family Latidae, although the species has been overlooked in most studies on the Latidae and/or Centropomidae. A key to the Latidae is provided. 

Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4551 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYOJI FUJIWARA ◽  
HIROYUKI MOTOMURA
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Posterior Nostril ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Disc Size ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The clingfishes Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 and Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) are both redescribed as valid species, although the latter has previously been regarded as a junior synonym of the former. Lepadichthys frenatus and L. misakius are easily distinguished from their congeners by the following combination of characters: 14–19 dorsal-fin rays; 12–14 anal-fin rays; disc size moderate, its length 15.1–20.8 % of standard length (SL); and dorsal, anal and caudal fins connected by membranes. Lepadichthys misakius can be distinguished from L. frenatus by having 25–28 (modally 26 or 27) pectoral-fin rays [vs. 27–29 (29) in L. frenatus]; the upper end of the gill membrane level with the 5th to 8th (usually 6th) pectoral-fin ray base in lateral view [vs. 6th to 8th (7th)]; the lower 8th to 11th (9th) pectoral-fin ray base attached to the disc base by membrane [vs. 10th to 12th (11th)]; 7–11 (9) gill rakers on each arch [vs. 11–14 (12)]; anterior, posterior and least interorbital widths 9.0–11.8 (mean 10.7), 13.4–16.9 (15.3) and 3.2–8.8 (6.2) % SL, respectively [vs. 8.4–10.2 (9.4), 12.1–14.7 (13.5) and 2.8–5.9 (4.8) % SL, respectively]; and NC2 (nasal canal pore) usually located between the anterior and posterior margins of the posterior nostril (vs. usually located before the posterior nostril anterior margin). Morphological changes with growth of the two species are described in detail and a lectotype designated for L. frenatus. 

The subterranean Aenigmachanna gollum, a new genus and species of snakehead (Teleostei: Channidae) from Kerala, South India

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4603 (2) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALF BRITZ ◽  
V.K. ANOOP ◽  
NEELESH DAHANUKAR ◽  
RAJEEV RAGHAVAN
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
South India ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
The Body ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
The Family ◽  
Maximum Body

Aenigmachanna gollum, new genus and species, is described from Kerala, South India. It is the first subterranean species of the family Channidae. It has numerous derived and unique characters, separating it from both the Asian Channa Scopoli and the African Parachanna Teugels & Daget. Uniquely among channids, A. gollum has a very slender (maximum body depth only 11.1–11.3% SL), eel-like body (head length 20.8–21.6% SL), large mouth (jaw length 60.4–61.1 % HL), 43–44 anal-fin rays, 83–85 scales in a lateral series, an unusual colour pattern and it lacks pored lateral-line scales on the body and body buoyancy. In addition, it is distinguished by its DNA barcode sequence, which is 15.8–24.2% divergent from other species of the family Channidae. Morphological modifications usually associated with a subterranean life, such as reduction of eyes and enhancement of non-visual senses (taste, smell, mechanosensory systems) are absent in A. gollum. However, it shares with subterranean fishes a slight reduction of its pigmentation in comparison to epigean channids.

Scorpaena bulacephala, a new species of scorpionfish (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from the northern Tasman Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1043 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROYUKI MOTOMURA ◽  
PETER R. LAST ◽  
GORDON K. YEARSLEY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Tasman Sea ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
Pacific Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Pectoral Fin Rays

A new species of small-sized scorpionfish, Scorpaena bulacephala, is described on the basis of seven specimens collected from off Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, northern Tasman Sea, southwestern Pacific Ocean, at depths of 86–113 m. The new species is closely related to a Hawaiian endemic species, S. colorata. The two species are distinguished from other Indo–Pacific species of Scorpaena by the following combination of characters: exposed cycloid scales covering the anteroventral surface of the body and pectoral-fin base, the lateral surface of the lacrimal without spines, and 17 pectoral-fin rays. The new species differs from S. colorata in having 39–44 longitudinal scales rows and relatively short fin spines and rays, especially short longest pectoral-fin ray (31.5–33.5% of standard length). Morphological changes with growth and sexual dimorphism of the new species are also discussed.

A new species of Schindler's fish (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Schindleria) from the Malay Archipelago (Southeast Asia), with notes on the caudal fin complex of Schindleria

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4531 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
HARALD AHNELT ◽  
MICHAEL SAUBERER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Gobiid Fish ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Fin Rays ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Radial Plate

Schindleria macrodentata sp. nov., a new species of the paedomorphic gobiid fish genus Schindleria, is described from the Malay Archipelago. The two specimens were collected in 1929 during the “Dana Expedition” in the Molucca Sea between Sulawesi and Halmahera islands (00°29′N, 125°54′E) (Indonesia) and in the Sulu Sea close to Panay Island (11°43’N, 121°43′E) (Philippines). The new species is characterized by a slender body (body depth at pectoral fin base 3.6–3.7 % of SL and at anal fin origin 3.9–4.8 % of SL), a long second dorsal fin (first dorsal fin absent) originating distinctly anterior to the origin of the anal fin (predorsal length 61.8–65.2 % of SL and preanal length 71.7–75.8 % of SL), a short tail (from anus to tip of longest caudal fin ray) (22.1 % of SL), 19–20 dorsal fin rays and 10 anal fin rays, first anal fin ray below 9th dorsal fin ray, few large, widely spaced teeth in the upper and the lower jaws (7 on the premaxilla and 6 on the dentary), an elongated pectoral radial plate (length 3.7–4.5 % of SL) and, in the caudal skeleton, a procurrent ray with an additional spiny process at its base. No distinct urogenital papilla and no pigmentation on body are developed. In this study we present three morphological traits until now not considered as diagnostic characters for Schindleria, the shape of the pectoral radial plate, the shape of the last procurrent caudal spine and the shape of the arch formed by the lower jaw. We also discuss the caudal-fin skeleton of Schindleria, a character developing beyond the larval stages. The record of S. macrodentata is the first of the genus Schindleria for Indonesia and, at more than 100 km distant to the next shore, it is the first offshore record of a Schindler's fish. 

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