scholarly journals The Synoptic Gospels and the Noncanonical Acts of the Apostles

1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Bovon
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Long Time

At the end of the second century, four gospels became canonical. Today they are present everywhere in the world at the beginning of the New Testament and at the heart of the Christian Bible, side by side and in the same order, endowed with the same authority. The text of these four gospels has been fixed for a long time, notwithstanding the existence of thousands of textual variants which have troubled European scholars since the eighteenth century. Today no one dreams of publishing interpolated versions of these gospels or of doctoring our holy books. Biblical scholarship devoted to the study of these gospels now occupies a firm place in the programs of numerous theological faculties and departments of religious studies.

The Parousia of Christ in the Synoptic Gospels

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Owen
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Second Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
2 Peter ◽  
Apostolic Church ◽  
Second Coming

The Second Coming (otherwise called the Parousia)1 of Christ constituted a serious problem for the apostolic Church. One of the earliest of Paul's Epistles (1 Thessalonians) shows how quickly his converts became discouraged when some of their number died before the Lord's appearing. In reply Paul repeats his promise that the Lord will soon return, although in his second epistle he has to give a reminder that Antichrist must first make a final bid for power (1 Thess. 4.15–18, 2 Thess. 2). Similarly the author of Hebrews, writing to a disillusioned and apathetic group of Christians some decades later in the first century, recalls the words of Habakkuk that ‘the Lord will come and not be slow’ (10.37). Finally 2 Peter, the latest book of the New Testament (written, perhaps, as late as the middle of the second century), continues to offer the hope of an imminent Parousia to be accompanied by the world's destruction and renewal (ch. 3). If Christians are tempted to despair they must remember that the word of prophets and Apostles is sure (v. 2) and that with God ‘a thousand years are as one day’ (v. 8).

Was Canonical Luke written in the Second Century?—A Continuing Discussion

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland Edward Wilshire
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Gospel Of Luke ◽  
Second Century ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The New Testament

The American scholar John Knox is noted for his defence of the thesis that the canonical gospel of Luke reached its final form after it had passed through the hands of the heretic Marcion in the second century. This thesis, hinted at by the scholar Semler in the eighteenth century and argued by F. C. Baur in the nineteenth century, was again stated by John Knox in an article in 1939 and in a book, Marcion and the New Testament, in 1942..

scholarly journals Czy kolejność ksiąg Nowego Testamentu w kanonie jest przypadkowa?

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Paweł Marek Mucha
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Pauline Epistles ◽  
Catholic Epistles ◽  
Apostolic Fathers ◽  
Order Books

Decretum de canonicis Scripturis (Council of Trent) gives the following list of the canonical books of the New Testament: Matthew, Mark, Luke, John, Acts of the Apostles, Pauline Epistles, Catholic Epistles, Revelation. This order is based on many manuscripts, but is not the only one known. The Apostolic Fathers cite the books of the New Testament, but never give their titles. The books were only given titles in the late second century. The Muratorian fragment is the oldest document (the second half of the 2nd century) which enumerates canonical books in an appropriate order. The important fact is that this list was prepared in the Roman Church and the order is in accordance with our canon. The Muratorian fragment presents the list of books in the reverse alphabetical order (from Z to A). It is a consequence of the tendency to order books alphabetically (not only in codices). Due to the fact that the oldest list of canonical books enlists them in the same order as we do in our canon and this order is not random, the order in our canon seems to be authentic.

The New Testament (50–100)

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-52
Author(s):  
David W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Acts Of The Apostles ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Level

This chapter focuses primarily on the New Testament, the charter document for Christian views of conversion. It examines the vocabulary of conversion and the multitudinous ways that Scripture depicts conversion. At a basic level, conversion in the New Testament is a personal response of faith to God’s saving activity in Jesus Christ: theologically, affirming certain beliefs about Jesus; ethically, conforming in behavior to Jesus; and sociologically, joining a community of followers of Jesus. Following a discussion of the vocabulary of conversion in the Old and New Testaments, the chapter discusses conversion in the Synoptic Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles (emphasizing the contrast to the pagan world and discussing household conversions), the Johannine writings, and the conversion of Paul. It concludes with comments about the relationship between baptism and conversion.

scholarly journals Is rewritten Bible/Scripture the solution to the Synoptic Problem?

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gert J. Malan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
Synoptic Problem ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Suitable Explanation ◽  
Rewritten Bible

New Testament scholars have for centuries posited different solutions to the Synoptic Problem. Recently a new solution was proposed. Mogens Müller applies Geza Vermes’s term rewritten Bible to the canonical gospels. Accepting Markan priority, he views Matthew as rewritten Mark, Luke as rewritten Matthew, and John as additional source. This article examines Müller’s hypothesis by first investigating the history of the controversial term rewritten Bible/Scripture and its recent application to the New Testament Gospels. Müller’s hypothesis is then compared to other solutions to the Synoptic Problem, such as the Augustine, Griesbach, and Farrer-Goulder Hypotheses. The Two Document Hypothesis is discussed and Müller’s 2nd century Luke theory is compared to Burton Mack’s almost similar stance and tested with the argument of synoptic intertextuality in view of the possible but improbable early second century date for Matthew. Lastly, the relationship between the synoptic Gospels is viewed in terms of literary intertextuality. Müller suggests proclamation as motivation for the Gospels’ deliberate intertextual character. This notion is combined with the concept of intertextuality to suggest a more suitable explanation for the relationship between die Gospels, namely intertextual kerugma. This broad concept includes any form of intertextuality in terms of text and context regarding the author and readers. It suitably replaces rewritten Bible, both in reference to genre and textual (exegetical) strategy.

Jansenism and politics in the eighteenth century

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 253-273
Author(s):  
John McManners
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Port Royal ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church ◽  
A Share

‘All the gold in the world and all the promises of heaven’ could not persuade Sainte-Beuve to carry on his study of jansenism into the eighteenth century. The spirit of Port-Royal was not there, ‘or at least it was only found in traces, dried up like a branch of a river that has turned aside into the sands and lost itself among the rocks...It is found even less in the entirely political Jansenism which was, or which appeared so considerable for a moment in the eighteenth century, and which allowed many to be of the party, without being of the dogma, or indeed, of religion at all’. The story of Jansenism after the death of Louis XIV is indeed a story of the war of the parlements against the crown – remonstrances, exiles. writs, denunciations, pamphlets; of the rising discontent of the lower clergy, demanding economic justice and a share in the government of the church; of the convulsionist movement, a strange spiritual underworld of masochism and miracles. Upon this barbarous scene of political and social strife and crude illiterate spirituality Sainte-Beuve turned his back, and those who have walked with him through the magic world of Port-Royal will understand his bitterness. The journée du guichet when Angélique Arnauld renounced human affections, the night of fire of 23 November when Pascal wept tears of joy, the cold ethereal beauty of the paintings of Philippe de Champaigne, the intellectual adventure of the alliance with cartesianism, the grammar, the logic, the translation of the new testament, the plays of Racine and the Pensées of Pascal – the eighteenth century can offer nothing like this.

Roman Empire in the Synoptic Gospels

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Postcolonial Literature ◽  
First Century ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
Postcolonial Criticism ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Literature Reading ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
And Control

This article introduces past and current scholarship that uses postcolonial criticism as an approach to the interpretation of the New Testament (NT) Synoptic Gospels. Historically, the NT was written primarily during the colonization and control of the Roman Empire; therefore, it is not strictly “postcolonial” literature. Reading the NT through the lens of postcolonial interpretation, readers can see that experiences connected to modern colonialism are apparent in the ancient texts. Did the Gospel writers find it necessary to employ subversive language and symbols to conceal their true meanings from the imperial authorities? This chapter offers a brief review of the biblical scholarship that recognizes anti-imperial rhetoric within three biblical accounts of Jesus and his countercultural message to the first-century Jewish and Gentile world.

Jewish Women’s Life and Practice in the World of the New Testament

2019 ◽  
pp. 219-237
Author(s):  
Tal Ilan
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Politics And Religion ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament

The women of the New Testament were Jewish women, and for historians of the period their mention and status in the New Testament constitutes the missing link between the way women are portrayed in the Hebrew Bible and their changed status in rabbinic literature (Mishnah and Talmud). In this chapter, I examine how they fit into the Jewish concepts of womanhood. I examine various recognized categories that are relevant for gender research such as patriarchy, public and private space, law, politics, and religion. In each case I show how these affected Jewish women, and how the picture that emerges from the New Testament fits these categories.

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