Rosaliae Signorum

1937 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Made In

In the campaign of 1931–32 at Dura-Europos on the Euphrates there was found among the military archives in the temple of Artemis Azzanathcona a papyrus document containing a list of the festivals which were officially celebrated by the Roman garrison in the city. This document, of unique interest and importance, placed by internal evidence in the reign of Severus Alexander between the years A.D. 223 and 225, contains among its entries the two lines quoted above. In them is prescribed for celebration on two different dates a hitherto unknown festival which is of some little importance both for the religious life of the Roman army and for the history of Roman festivals during the Empire. An attempt will be made in this paper to interpret its nature and to touch briefly on both these aspects of its significance.

Studies in the Social and Economic History of Ostia

1938 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

The first of these Studies was concerned chiefly with the history of Ostia during the period when the city was still growing and its prosperity increasing. Even so, during the period already considered, the prosperity of Ostia, though real, was to this extent artificial, in that it depended upon factors over which the citizens themselves had no control. Ostia was the port of Rome, and nothing else, and in consequence any lowering of the standard of living in, or reduction of imports into the capital city must have had immediate and marked repercussions upon her prosperity. She even lacked to a great extent those reserves of wealth which in other cities might be drawn upon to tide over bad times. The typical citizen of Ostia came to the city in the hope of making his fortune there; but when he had made it, he usually preferred to retire to some more pleasant town, such as Tibur, Tusculum, Velitrae, or Rome itself, where he could enjoy his leisure. Few families seem to have remained in the city for more than two, or, at the most, three generations. Whilst therefore fortunes were made in Ostia, wealth was not accumulated there.

Zeus and Mount Ida in Homer’s Iliad

Antichthon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
C.J. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Early History ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article explores the part played by Mount Ida in the Iliad. It begins with some consideration of Ida in the early ‘history’ of Troy – the stories of Dardanus and the early line of Trojan kings. The city of Troy (Ilios) has its origins on Mount Ida, and the mountain remains very dear to the Trojans in many different ways. The rivers at Troy have their source on the mountain, and the Trojans acquire their water and wood from there. Moreover, the mountain is a central part of Trojan religious life, including the peak at Gargarus, where Zeus resides for a significant part of the poem. This article considers the two journeys of Zeus to Mount Ida from Olympus in the Iliad, and the ways that these are dealt with in the text. It raises questions about the rationale for and the effect of his visits there. It is argued that the poet uses Zeus’s absence from Olympus to ‘open up’ the cosmos, and permit new kinds of divine conduct and intervention. The article concludes with some consideration of the fact that the text offers no reference to the return of Zeus from Ida to Olympus prior to the council of the gods and Theomachy in Book 20.

scholarly journals A history of the city written in a map – cartography as the mirror of socio-political events in Gdańsk in the years of 1918–1939

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bień
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A cartographic map of Gdańsk in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939 was very different from the other maps of Polish cities. The reasons for some differences were, among others, the proximity of the sea, the multicultural mindset of the inhabitants of Gdańsk from that period, and some historical events in the interwar period (the founding of the Free City of Gdańsk and the events preceding World War II). Its uniqueness came from the fact that the city of Gdańsk combined the styles of Prussian and Polish housing, as well as form the fact that its inhabitants felt the need for autonomy from the Second Polish Republic. The city aspired to be politically, socially and economically independent.</p><p>The aim of my presentation is to analyze the cartographic maps of Gdańsk, including the changes that had been made in the years of 1918&amp;ndash;1939. I will also comment on the reasons of those changes, on their socio-historical effects on the city, the whole country and Europe.</p>

scholarly journals Turkey’s political crisis of the 1970s and the military coup on September 12, 1980

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Malika S. Tovsultanova ◽  
Rustam A. Tovsultanov ◽  
Lilia N. Galimova
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Political Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

In the 1970s, Turkey was in a state of political turbulence. Weak coalition governments changed frequently and could not bring order to the country. The city streets turned into an arena of battles for various armed radical groups of nationalist, communist, Islamist and separatist persuasions. For 9 years from 1971 to 1980, 10 governments changed in Turkey. The political crisis was accompanied by an economic downturn, expressed in hyperinflation and an increase in external debt. Chaos and anarchy caused discontent among Turkish financial circles and generals with the situation in the country and led to the idea of a military coup, already the third in the republican history of Turkey. The US State Department was extremely concerned about the situation in Turkey, hoping to find a reliable cover against further exports of communism and Islamism to the Middle East, approving the possibility of a coup. The coup was led by the chief of the General Staff K. Evren. Political events of the second half of the 1970s allow us to conclude that, despite the interest of the financial and military circles of the United States in it, the military coup on September 12, 1980 had mainly domestic political reasons.

scholarly journals Roman Terracottas From the Lower City of Olbia from the collection of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine

Archaeology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Roman Kozlenko ◽  
◽  
Olha Puklina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Port Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
The City

The article introduces clay figurines of eagles and terracotta of a Roman soldier, which were found during excavations at the Lower City of Olbia in the 1930—1940-ies, and are kept in the National Museum of the History of Ukraine. The iconography of the eagles is similar to the terracotta statuette of an eagle found in the praetorium building in the Upper City of Olbia. The series of rooms, in which the eagle figurines were found, belong to the Roman garrison structures, which were located in the port area of the city. Terracotta eagle figurines could be used in military sanctuaries, and imitate Roman military standards, or be associated with the worship of Jupiter. Analogies to these products are known from the Roman fortresses on the Danube and in Dacia province. The fragment of terracotta with a shield was a part of a Roman soldier figurine with hanging limbs. The warrior was depicted wearing a Roman military cloak (sagum). This indicates his higher rank, in contrast to the soldiers dressed in tunics. In his left hand he holds a shield (clipeus), which depicts a deity in armor, with rays above his head. The terracotta depicts warriors armed with gladius, and belted with a Roman military belt (cingulum militare). They depict the servicemen of the auxiliary troops of the Roman army — auxilia, or, given the non-standard shape of their shields, the sailors of the Moesian fleet (milites classiarii), whose units were stationed in Olbia, as is known from the epigraphic finds. The places of their finds mark the points of deployment of the Roman troops in the Northern Black Sea region. These terracottas could serve as votives in ritual rites associated with the cult of Mithras, which appears in Olbia as a result of the Roman garrison deployment in the city during the second half of the 2nd — first half of the 3rd c. AD.

In the Shadow of Memphis

Abusir ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Verner
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

This chapter focuses on Memphis, a metropolis of ancient Egypt, and the possibility that it was the site of the remains of monumental temples, royal residences, palaces, and many other urban features. Meni, the legendary unifier of Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty at the turn of the fourth to third millennium BC, is credited with the founding of Memphis. It is believed that, in addition to the stronghold, Meni also founded the Temple of Ptah, the chief god of the new royal seat. The chapter traces the history of Memphis and describes the district of the Temple of Ptah, along with the pyramids, royal tombs, and other structures located in the city. It also considers some of the deities who had their cult in Memphis, including Hathor. Finally, it looks at the pharaohs who built their tombs in Memphis.

The Wadi Zone Campus, Citadel, and C3 Bath

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon James
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Military Base ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Military Control ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
And Training

From the junction of H and 8th Sts, which gave access to the twin main axes of the military base zone on the plateau, H St led S to the bulk of the civil town and ultimately to the Palmyrene Gate, the steppe plateau W of the city, and the roads W to Palmyra and NW up the Euphrates to Syria. The fourth side of the crossroads followed a curving course SE, down into the inner wadi, then snaking through the irregularly laid-out old lower town to the now-lost River Gate, portal to the Euphrates and its plain. Of most immediate significance is that the Wadi Ascent Road also linked the plateau military zone with what can now be seen as another major area of military control, in the old Citadel, and on the adjacent wadi floor. The N part of the wadi floor is now known to have accommodated two military-built temples, the larger of which, the A1 ‘Temple of the Roman Archers’, was axial to the long wadi floor, which in the Roman period appears to have comprised one of the largest areas of open ground inside the city walls. This is interpreted as the campus, or military assembly and training ground, extension of which was commemorated in an inscription found in the temple. In 2011, what is virtually certainly a second military temple was found in the wadi close by the first, built against the foundation of the Citadel. This is here referred to as the Military Zeus Temple. Behind the Temple of the Roman Archers was a lane leading from the Wadi Ascent Road to the N gate of the Citadel. It helped define a further de facto enclosure, effectively surrounded by other military-controlled areas and so also presumed to have been in military hands. The Citadel itself, while in Roman times already ruinous on the river side due to cliff falls, still formed part of the defences. Moreover the massive shell of its Hellenistic walls now also appears to have been adapted to yet more military accommodation, some of it two storeys or higher.

scholarly journals 1225 Sexsomnia: A Case of Sleep Masturbation And Sleeping In An Open Work Environment

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A468-A468
Author(s):  
David S Kim ◽  
Brian E Foster ◽  
Meagan M Rizzo ◽  
Jacob F Collen ◽  
Rodolfo Soca
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Significant Past Medical History ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sleep Environment ◽  
Sleep Sex ◽  
The Military ◽  
Made In

Abstract Introduction Sleep sex or sexsomnia is classified in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnia. The overall prevalence is unknown but several conditions such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), shift work, and/or insufficient sleep have been reported as factors affecting the frequency of NREM parasomnias. Parasomnias, with sexsomnias in particular, can cause significant emotional distress to patients and their families. We present a case of co-morbid sexsomnia and OSA in a patient serving in the military that had the complicating factor of sleeping in open quarters. Report of Case A 40-year-old male in active duty military without significant past medical history or medication use presented to clinic with a two year history of disruptive sleep masturbation reported by wife. Patient’s wife reported no instances of attempted sexual intercourse. The patient had no recollection of the episodes. The frequency and nature of the episodes were causing personal and marital distress. Patient was also concerned about work responsibilities, since he was periodically required to sleep in open environments. After initial clinic evaluation, patient underwent a video polysomnography (vPSG) with an extended EEG montage. No parasomnia activity was captured on vPSG but patient was diagnosed with moderate OSA. He was started on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, resulting in decreased number of episodes with relapses corresponding to nights without CPAP usage. Conclusion Sexsomnia cases require careful history taking and evaluation. The nature of the episodes and the sleep environment of the patient must be examined for any medico-legal ramification as there are court precedents of sexual assault charges made in sexsomnia-related cases. The military environment is unique with group-sleeping conditions, often in austere environments. If sexsomnia were to be misinterpreted as indecent exposure, under the military code of conduct, this could have significant career implications.

Francis Vernon, the Early Royal Society and the First English Encounter with Ancient Greek Architecture

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 29-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Walker
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
English Language ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Architecture ◽  
European Publication ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Francis Vernon (c. 1637-77) is not a particularly well-known figure in the history of British architecture, but perhaps he should be. In 1675 he became one of the first English people to have set foot in Athens and, the following year, published what was undisputedly the first account in the English language of the city and its architecture. Vernon was a member of the recently founded Royal Society and one of a group of English and French travellers who journeyed through central Greece and Turkey in the 1670s. He was murdered in Isfahan in early 1677. Vernon's account of the time he spent in Athens was published in the Society's journal, thePhilosophical Transactions, in 1676, and it included brief but illuminating descriptions of the Erechtheion, the Temple of Hephaestus and the Parthenon, the latter written over ten years before the bombing of the temple by a Venetian army in 1687. TheTransactionsoften contained both travel writing and antiquarian material and, in this respect, Vernon's account was typical of the journal's somewhat eclectic content in its early years. Significantly, Vernon's publication predated more famous accounts of Greece from the period, such as those written by his travelling companions Jacob Spon (who released hisVoyage d'ltalie, de Dalamatie, de Grèce et du Levantin France in 1678) and George Wheler, whoseA journey into Greecewas published in 1682. Unlike Vernon, both Spon and Wheler survived their journeys. The only European publication on Athens that preceded Vernon's was a French text of 1675 that would prove to be a fabrication. As this article will demonstrate, Vernon's initial exposure of this fabrication was one of the reasons why his account of the city became so important in English intellectual culture at the time.

scholarly journals LA CATTEDRALE, CUORE RELIGIOSO DELLA CITTA'

1970 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Paola Vismara
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
The City

Riassunto.–Si ripercorrono alcune tappe del ruolo del Duomo di Milano nella storia della città, per grandissime linee. In tale sede, almeno sino alla fine dell’ancien régime, avevano luogo i grandi eventi della vita politica e civile, seppur non senza tensioni. La cattedrale era il cuore della città, in primo luogo il cuore liturgico e pastorale della vita religiosa. Si segnala lo sfarzo delle cerimonie straordinarie che vi si svolgevano, il ruolo della musica e, in particolare, la funzione del luogo e delle sue cerimonie nel contesto dell’azione degli arcivescovi. Seppur in forme diverse rispetto alpassato, alcuni aspetti della ritualità e della centralità del Duomo giungono sino ai nostri giorni.***Abstract.–The article offers an overview of the history of the cathedral of Milanin the context of the city. For a long period - at least until the end of the ancien régime - the Duomo housed the most important events of the city and was often thetheatre of tensions between ecclesiastical and political authorities. The cathedral wasthe heart of the city and the center of pastoral activities and of religious life. Splendid ceremonies, often accompanied by music, took place in the Duomo, highlighting the importance of the bishops in the city. Even thouh in a different way compared to the past, some aspects of the rituality and centrality of the Duomo are stillrelevant today.

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