scholarly journals HENRY HALLAM REVISITED

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-473
Author(s):  
MICHAEL BENTLEY
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
David Hume ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law And Science ◽  
The Middle Ages

ABSTRACTAlthough Henry Hallam (1777–1859) is best known for his Constitutional History of England (1827) and as a founder of ‘whig’ history, to situate him primarily as a mere critic of David Hume or as an apprentice to Thomas Babington Macaulay does him a disservice. He wrote four substantial books of which the first, his View of the state of Europe during the middle ages (1818), deserves to be seen as the most important; and his correspondence shows him to have been integrated into the contemporary intelligentsia in ways that imply more than the Whig acolyte customarily portrayed by commentators. This article re-situates Hallam by thinking across both time and space and depicts a significant historian whose filiations reached to Europe and North America. It proposes that Hallam did not originate the whig interpretation of history but rather that he created a sense of the past resting on law and science which would be reasserted in the age of Darwin.

The State in the Middle Ages. A Comparative Constitutional History of Feudal Europe

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Poggi ◽  
H. Mitteis ◽  
H. F. Orton
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

scholarly journals Peripheral facial palsy in the past: contributions from Avicenna, Nicolaus Friedreich and Charles Bell

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende ◽  
Silke Weber
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peripheral Facial Palsy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
The Middle Ages

This study provides historical documents of peripheral facial palsy from Egypt, Greece and Rome, through the middle ages, and the renaissance, and into the last four centuries. We believe that the history of peripheral facial palsy parallels history of the human race itself. Emphasis is made on contributions by Avicenna and Nicolaus Friedreich. Controversies about the original clinical description by Charles Bell are also discussed.

The Staging of the Chester Cycle: An Alternate Theory

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Powlick
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Religious Drama ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

The past fifteen years have been a period of active revisionism in the study of the stage history of medieval England. Through the efforts of Richard Southern, Martial Rose, and others, we have gained a quite different perspective on the staging of the religious drama of the Middle Ages. Now the Cornish plays are no longer considered to be an aberration, for we have seen the principle of stationary performance extended to Wakefield and Lincoln, and enough questions have been raised concerning performance in York that processional staging even there seems doubtful. More and more we are being led to the conclusion that not processional staging on pageant carts, but stationary performance was the norm in England, just as it was on the Continent.

Book Reviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 662-663
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lewis And Clark ◽  
The Middle Ages

Eric Tymoigne of Lewis and Clark College reviews “Money in the Western Legal Tradition: Middle Ages to Bretton Woods,” edited by David Fox and Wolfgang Ernst. The Econlit abstract for this book begins: “Thirty-three papers, most previously presented at conferences held in Cambridge in 2011 and 2012 and supported by the Gerda Henkel Stiftung, provide a history of some of the main topics in the monetary law of the civil law and common law systems at different stages of its development over the past eight hundred years, from the Middle Ages until the Bretton Woods agreements of 1944.”

scholarly journals Why Was the New Testament Translated into Hebrew?

Open Theology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eran Shuali
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
New Testament ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractAfter offering a short overview of the history of Hebrew translations of the New Testament from the Middle Ages to our time, this article focuses on the purposes of the different translations as reflected in what has been written and said about them by the translators themselves and by other people involved in their dissemination. Five such purposes are identified: 1. Jewish polemics against Christianity in the Middle Ages. 2. Christian study of the Hebrew language. 3. The quest for the Hebrew “original” of the New Testament. 4. The mission to the Jews. 5. The needs of the Christian communities in the State of Israel. Concluding remarks are then made regarding the way in which Hebrew translations of the New Testament were perceived throughout the ages and regarding the role they played.

Forgery and Memory at the End of the First Millennium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levi Roach
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Middle Ages

This book takes a fresh look at documentary forgery and historical memory in the Middle Ages. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, religious houses across Europe began falsifying texts to improve local documentary records on an unprecedented scale. As the book illustrates, the resulting wave of forgery signaled major shifts in society and political culture, shifts which would lay the foundations for the European ancien régime. Spanning documentary traditions across France, England, Germany and northern Italy, the book examines five sets of falsified texts to demonstrate how forged records produced in this period gave voice to new collective identities within and beyond the Church. Above all, the book indicates how this fad for falsification points to new attitudes toward past and present — a developing fascination with the signs of antiquity. These conclusions revise traditional master narratives about the development of antiquarianism in the modern era, showing that medieval forgers were every bit as sophisticated as their Renaissance successors. Medieval forgers were simply interested in different subjects — the history of the Church and their local realms, rather than the literary world of classical antiquity. As a comparative history of falsified records at a crucial turning point in the Middle Ages, the book offers valuable insights into how institutions and individuals rewrote and reimagined the past.

Banks

Money ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith ◽  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Objection ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter discusses the history of banks as one of three progenitors of money, the others being mints and treasury secretaries or finance ministers. Banking had a substantial presence in Roman times, then declined during the Middle Ages as trade became more hazardous and lending came into conflict with the religious objection to usury. The Renaissance saw the revival of money due in part to trade. It is fair to say that the decline and revival of banking took place in Italy. The banking houses of Venice and Genoa are acknowledged as the precursors of modern commercial banks. The chapter also considers how banking that developed from the seventeenth century spawned cycles of euphoria and panics. Finally, it examines the case of John Law, who established a bank in France that was authorized to issue notes in the form of loans, with the state as the principal borrower.

scholarly journals W skali szarości – krótka historia srebrzystego ołowiu łączącego kolorowe szkła witrażowe

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-309
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pyka
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glass Compositions ◽  
The Middle Ages

Katarzyna Pyka discusses lead as a substance which for centuries has made possible stained glass glazing both in sacral and secular buildings. This article focuses on the uses of lead and compares the work of stained glass artists in the past and today. Contrary the associations of this craft with vivid multicolored compositions, Pyka has decided to keep her discussion in grayscale; her purpose has been to emphasize the importance of this silvery metal, which has enriched the history of art from the Middle Ages by making possible the beauty of stained glass compositions.

scholarly journals About the history of conflicts over urban forestry in Estonian towns

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Heldur Sander ◽  
Toivo Meikar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
General Public ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract The article explores conflicts related to forests and parks of Estonian towns from the Middle Ages to the 1940s. A brief overview is first given of the development of urban forestry in Estonia. There are also cases where the loss of urban forests and the related problems that arose could have led to conflicts, but for certain reasons they did not emerge. The main focus of the research is on Tallinn and its nearby island of Naissaare and, to a lesser extent, on the town of Haapsalu. The cases with the probability of conflict are described on the example of Tallinn, Tartu and Pärnu. It is apparent that conflicts or preconditions for their emergence were caused by various reasons, both at the state and town level where local authorities and ownership relations played their role. But the causes of the conflicts can also be traced to the wider clash between military and political causes, economic development and the general public.

scholarly journals Mit fundacyjny Rzeczypospolitej w Kursie pierwszym Prelekcji Paryskich Adama Mickiewicza

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Ewa Hoffmann-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political History ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Model ◽  
The Middle Ages

The Foundational Myth of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in Mickiewicz’s Kurs pierwszy from Paris Lectures  The article attempts to recreate Mickiewicz’s vision of Polish Medieval history in the context of the history of Slavdom as it is presented by him in the speeches from Kurs pierwszy from the Paris lectures. Invoking particular facts from the first centuries of Polish history and interpreting them in a particularly individual manner – frequently contrary to the traditional historical narrative, Mickiewicz rediscovered the foundational myth of the Commonwealth of the nobles in the history of the Piast and Jagiellonian Poland; furthermore, the whole of the Medieval period served Mickiewicz as a universal political model worthy of translation to the poet’s contemporary  period. The modern christianitas state model, which Mickiewicz will later design in his writings from 1830s and 1840s, had its roots precisely in this reinterpreted political history of the Middle Ages. When discussing the past, Mickiewicz first and foremost advocated talking about the present and the future of Poland and Europe. Underscoring the strong relationship between Poland and Rome as well as the ties with Western Christendom – as it used to be done in the Middle Ages – was meant to produce a propagandist image: it attempted to demonstrate that the Byzantine-Orthodox culture could neither serve to unite Slavic peoples nor rejuvenate Europe in any way.

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