Some Financial and Statistical Considerations of the Old Age Pension Scheme

1909 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyvyan Marr
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Statistical Aspect ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Old Age Pensions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Yearly Means

There are many references in the pages of the Journal to Old Age Pensions, and in view of the Act of last year the subject—from a financial and statistical aspect—may be discussed without transgressing on questions of State policy. I therefore venture to submit the following notes of some of the financial and statistical questions involved, stimulated in so doing by Mr. G. F. Hardy's statement in his Presidential Address, that he believed our most important work lies in the proper application of actuarial principles to the many practical questions which arise from time to time.Old age pensions ranging from 1s. to 5s. a week according to the yearly means of the pensioners are granted to British subjects resident in the United Kingdom who have attained the age of seventy years, provided their yearly means do not exceed ￡31 10s., and provided they are not disqualified on the ground of Poor Law Relief, imprisonment, or the other reasons set forth in Section 3 of the Act.

Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wodak
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Drug Problems

Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?

scholarly journals Regulating the Elderly: Old Age Pensions and the Formation of a Pension Bureaucracy in Ontario, 1929-1945

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Struthers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
World War ◽  
Universal System ◽  
Old Age Pensions

Abstract This article examines the emergence of means-tested old age pensions in Ontario in the context of the Great Depression and World War II. Ontario's old age pension scheme, it argues, was launched in 1929 with weak political commitment, little bureaucratic-preparation, and an almost complete absence of administrative experience at the provincial and municipal level in assessing and responding to need on a mass scale. The article examines the complex interplay among federal, provincial, and local government authorities in the politics of pension administration throughout the 1929-1945 era, arguing that local control of pension decision-making in the early years of the Depression provided two divergent models of pension entitlement both as charity and as an earned social right. After 1933 governments at both the provincial and federal level centralized decision-making over pension administration in order to standardize and restrict pension entitlement, contain its rapidly rising costs, and enforce more efficiently the concept of parental maintenance upon children. World War II undermined the concept of pensions as charity by broadly expanding the boundaries of entitlement both for the elderly and their children. By 1945 means-tested pensions had few supporters within or outside of government, laying the basis for the emergence of a universal system of old age security in 1951.

Implements of the Later Palæolithic “Cave” Periods in East Anglia

1912 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Allen Sturge
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Address ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Present Position ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Class Library ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

In my Presidential Address delivered at the first meeting of the Society in 1908 I referred to the possibility that we might be able to trace in this part of the world the various periods which have hitherto been chiefly associated with deposits in rockshelters and caves in France and elsewhere. The object of the present paper is to bring before the members of the Society the present position of this question so far as my own researches are concerned with a view to stimulating further enquiries into the subject.Before passing to details it will be necessary to give a brief account of the scope of the enquiry and to sum up our knowledge of the rock shelter and Cave periods of the Palæolithic Age so far as it is possible to do so. To give an adequate up-to-date description of the subject is not a very easy matter, for so far as I am aware no detailed account of the various Cave periods has been written in recent time, and advances in knowledge have to be sought for in the periodical publications of many different societies of various countries, a task which to most of us who are not within reach of a first-class library is practically impossible. Even when these can be consulted it rarely happens in my experience that sufficient attention is paid by illustration and description to the many varieties of types of implement associated with the different periods.

On the Formulæ for determining the Value of Benefits, according to the Principle of Collective Assurance

1892 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Ralph Price Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

1.—Amongst the various current proposals for the application of the principle of Collectivity to the needs of life, those that relate to the provision for a minimum aid towards sustenance in that period of permanent incapacity known as Old Age, and for the burial of the dead, appear to be the least open to objection on political grounds; whilst the objects in view appeal so strongly to the circumstances of our common Humanity that few are disinclined to lend their assent to this partial recognition of claims that, in their wider extent, they would strongly resist. Fortunately, the question of the cost of these arrangements can be considered apart from all political grounds; and, since the results of its investigation disclose some novel and curious modifications of the formulæ for the ordinary Benefits, it has appeared to me that, by limiting the enquiry to the terms shown on the title to this Paper, the subject might be brought before this Meeting, without any breach of the benevolent neutrality that has so largely contributed to the preservation of our personal harmony amidst the many inevitable divergencies of opinion on subjects of close personal interest to all.

The Danish Connection: A Note on the Making of British Old Age Pensions

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Levine
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Old Age ◽  
New Haven ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Old Age Pensions ◽  
The Welfare State

In the continuous discussion of how and how much Lloyd George was influenced by Germany in formulating Old Age Pensions and National Insurance, attention seems to have been almost wholly diverted from the degree to which the Danish example was discussed, recommended and clearly present in the consciousness of those who made the British Old Age Pension Act of 1908. There is no discussion of the issue in the standard work on the subject, Bentley B. Gilbert's The Evolution of National Insurance in Great Britain, (London, 1966) nor even any mention of “Denmark” in the index. The subject is likewise missing from Francis H. Stead's How Old Age Pensions Came to Be, (London [? 1910]), which Gilbert calls “indispensible.” Patricia Mary Williams barely mentions the subject in her detailed dissertation, “The Development of Old Age Pension Policy in Great Britain, 1878-1925” (University of London, 1970), and does not even do that much in the book she wrote under the name Pat Thane, Foundations of the Welfare State (Essex, 1982) nor in the chapter on old age pensions in the book she edited, Origins of British Social Policy (London, 1978). Hugh Heclo in Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden (New Haven, 1974) mentions (p. 167) that the proposals of the commission in 1899 “resembled” the Danish system, but Heclo does not say how or why, and then never mentions the subject again. John Grigg, in his biography of Lloyd George is concerned with the man more than the issue, and does not analyze the source of the ideas behind the old age pension bill of 1908 in his Lloyd George, The People's Champion (Berkeley, 1978).

scholarly journals Old Age Pensions and Pauperism—A Present-day Problem

1901 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2-32
Author(s):  
David Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inaugural Addresses ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Old Age Pensions

Gentlemen,—I have to thank you sincerely for the honour you have conferred upon me in calling me to fill the office of Honorary President this Session. I accepted the honour with hesitation, recollecting the long list of distinguished men who have occupied and adorned the high office since the year 1859, and whose Inaugural Addresses we cherish as a valuable heritage. I felt, however, under such great obligations to the Society for having opened up to me in the past so many new fields of study that I could not refuse to undertake any service to which by your goodwill I might be called.The subject of State Pensions for the Aged Poor, which I propose to bring under your notice to-night, is one which has occupied public interest and attention to a large extent during recent years. Suggestions numerous and varied have been made for the solution of the difficulties which surround the question, but the problem unsolved still holds the field. This winter it will be again much in evidence, as a Committee on Old Age Pensions, appointed by Government, will meet at the Treasury from time to time under the presidency of Lord Rothschild. It has been remitted to this Committee.

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