Whose Territory is it Anyway? Should Psychiatry own Alcohol and Drugs in Australia?

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wodak
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Drug Problems

Surely alcohol and drug matters in Australia should be regarded as the province of psychiatry? Decades before any other branch of medicine displayed any interest in the subject and long before alcohol and drugs were considered even remotely respectable, numerous Australian psychiatrists provided inspiration and leadership in this Cinderella field. Drs Bartholomew, Bell, Buchanan, Chegwidden, Dalton, Drew, Ellard, Lennane, Milner, Milton, Waddy and Pols are some of the best known among the many Australian psychiatrists who pioneered efforts to improve treatment for patients with alcohol and drug problems. The NHMRC Committee on Alcohol and Drug Dependence, which has a considerable potential for influencing the field in Australia, has always been dominated by psychiatrists. In the United Kingdom and the United States, countries which often serve as models for much of Australian medical and other practice, alcohol and drug matters are determined almost exclusively by psychiatrists. Is there any evidence that they have been held back by a psychiatric hegemony on alcohol and drug's? For many decades (and until quite recently), alcohol and drug matters were handled for the World Health Organisation by its Mental Health Division. Did we suffer globally because WHO placed alcohol and drugs under the control of psychiatry?

scholarly journals How did the UK government face the global COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiris Cristhina Resende ◽  
Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto ◽  
Stephen Peckham ◽  
Claudia Souza Passador ◽  
João Luiz Passador
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the coordination and cooperation in Primary Health Care (PHC) measures adopted by the British government against the spread of the COVID-19. PHC is clearly part of the solution founded by governments across the world to fight against the spread of the virus. Data analysis was performed based on coordination, cooperation, and PHC literature crossed with documentary analysis of the situation reports released by the World Health Organisation and documents, guides, speeches and action plans on the official UK government website. The measures adopted by the United Kingdom were analysed in four periods, which helps to explain the courses of action during the pandemic: pre-first case (January 22- January 31, 2020), developing prevention measures (February 1 -February 29, 2020), first Action Plan (March 1- March 23, 2020) and lockdown (March 24-May 6, 2020). Despite the lack of consensus in essential matters such as Brexit, the nations in the United Kingdom are working together with a high level of cooperation and coordination in decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals SARS: current overview, aetiology and epidemiology

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Semra Čavaljuga ◽  
Michael Faulde ◽  
Jerrold J. Scharninghausen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Authorities

At this moment, public health authorities, physicians and scientists around the world are struggling to cope with a severe and rapidly spreading new disease in humans called severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) this appears to be the first severe and easily transmissible new disease to emerge in the 21st century. Though much about the disease remains poorly understood, including the details of the causative virus, we do know that it has features that allow it to spread rapidly along international air travel routes. As of 10 May 2003, a cumulative 7296 probable SARS cases with 526 deaths have been reported from 30 countries on three continents (WHO, ProMED). In the past week, more than 1000 new probable cases and 96 deaths were reported globally. This represents an increase of 119 new cases and 8 new deaths compared with 9 May 2003 (China (85), Taiwan (23), and Hong Kong (7) represented the overwhelming majority, with one additional case each reported from France, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States). Only in China, as of 10 May 2003 (WHO) total of 4884 with 235 deaths have been reported. Some outbreaks have reassuring features.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 14 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 3 May 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
Health Action

Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 03 May 2020: notifications = 6,784; deaths = 89. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of COVID-19 in Australia. Currently new notifications in Australia are mostly considered to be locally-acquired with some cases still reported among people with recent overseas travel. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case or known cluster, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked to another case. The ratio of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.3%) compared to the World Health Organization’s globally-reported rate (7.1%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (5.7%) and the United Kingdom (15.4%). The lower CFR in Australia is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained.

scholarly journals The use of Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Kamer Tecen-Yücel ◽  
Emre Kara ◽  
Kutay Demirkan ◽  
Serhat Ünal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Human Infectious Disease

COVID-19 is a newly emerging human infectious disease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) origin described as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on March 11, 2020. There is currently no definitive cure for COVID-19; however, among the many treatment strategies, hydroxychloroquine has been suggested as a potential treatment. The purpose of this article was to review the pharmacological properties and mechanism of COVID-19 treatment with hydroxychloroquine and its potential use on the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Work Based Assessments (WBAs) amongst UK medical trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic: How have we adapted?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Shirwa Sheik Ali ◽  
◽  
Sharaf Sheik Ali ◽  
Alex O'Connor ◽  
Jonathan R Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postgraduate Medical Training ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was recently identified as the RNA virus resulting in the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This was following cases of pneumonia identified in Hubei Province in China. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently declared COVID-19 as a pandemic in March The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in medical, financial and social disruption on an international scale. Such disruption has additionally impacted postgraduate medical training. This has been reflected in the attainment of Work Based Assessments amongst medical trainees in the United Kingdom.

scholarly journals ‘A Matter of Conscience’: The Moral Authority of the World Medical Association and the Readmission of the South Africans, 1976–1994

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandisa Mbali
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Medical Association ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Medical Association ◽  
The World

AbstractThis article describes the role of transnational anti-apartheid activism in South Africa, Britain and the United States in generating international moral outrage over the readmission of the Medical Association of South Africa (MASA) to the World Medical Association (WMA), which had taken place in 1981 after it had withdrawn from that body in 1976. It discusses an example of a controversy where an international health organisation (IHO) lost moral authority as a result of being accused of white supremacy and a pro-American engagement in Cold War politics. At the time of its readmission to the WMA, the MASA was controversial because of its failure to strike off its membership roll one of the doctors implicated the death in detention of Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko in 1977. It details how these activists viewed the American Medical Association as having campaigned for the MASA’s readmission. The WMA’s readmission of the MASA cost the former its relationships with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the British Medical Association – a dispute which continued until South Africa’s democratic transition of 1994. With its focus on transnational activism in relation to the WMA and the effects of activists’ allegations of racism on its internal politics, this article contributes to the literature on the history of IHOs. Ultimately, this controversy shows the deficiency of international medical professional associations as ethical arbitrators of last resort.

scholarly journals Telehealth Demand Trends in COVID-19: An Infodemiological Evaluation of the Top 50 Most Affected Countries (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Yu Zheng Wong ◽  
Dinesh Visva Gunasekaran ◽  
Simon Nusinovici ◽  
Charumathi Sabanayagam ◽  
Khung Keong Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Information Communications Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
June July

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to urgent calls for the adoption of telehealth solutions. However, public interest and demand for telehealth during the pandemic remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We used an infodemiological approach to estimate the demand for telehealth services during COVID-19 globally, focusing on the 50 most-affected countries and comparing the demand for such services with the level of information-communications technology (ICT) infrastructure available. METHODS We used Google Trends, the Baidu Index (China), and the Yandex Keyword Statistics (Russia) to extract data on worldwide and individual countries’ telehealth-related internet searches from 1st January to 7th July, 2020, presented as “Relative Search Volumes” (RSV, ranging 0-100). Daily COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved from the World Health Organisation. Individual countries’ ICT infrastructure profile were retrieved from the World Economic Forum Report. RESULTS Across the 50 countries, the mean±SD RSV was 18.5±23.2, and the mean ICT index was 62.1±15.0. An overall spike in worldwide telehealth-related RSVs was observed from 11th March 2020 (RSV peaked to 76.0), which then tailed off in June-July 2020 (mean RSV for period=25.8), but remained higher than pre-March RSVs (mean=7.29). By country, 42 (84%) manifested increased RSVs over the evaluation period, with the highest observed in Canada (RSV=100) and the United States (RSV=96). When evaluating associations between RSV and ICT index, the US and Canada demonstrated both high RSVs and ICTs (≥70.3). In contrast, European countries had relatively lower RSVs (ranging 3.4-19.5) despite high ICTs (mean=70.3). Several Latin-American (Brazil, Chile, Colombia), and South-Asian (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan) countries demonstrated relatively higher RSVs (ranging 13.8-73.3) but low ICTs (mean=44.6), indicating that the telehealth demand outstrips the current ICT infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS There is generally increased interest and demand for telehealth services across the 50 countries most affected by COVID-19, highlighting the need to scale up telehealth capabilities, during and beyond COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Problems of quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Elena Kazantseva ◽  
Galina Chistyakova ◽  
Yury Kleshchevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The World ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Mining Regions

Active research on the quality of life of the population began in the second half of the XX century in the United States. Such international organisations as the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and others have been studying the problems of quality of life. The paper deals with the problems of the quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions. The main challenges include income inequality, low life expectancy, low employment, staff outflow, environmental problems, etc. The analysis of ways to solve the problems of improving the quality of life of the population of coal-mining regions is carried out.

scholarly journals NHS Nightingale North West: A Medical Student on the Front Lines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Holt
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Support Worker ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
North West ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up

Seemingly overnight, on the 12th of March 2020, healthcare systems the world over changed as the World Health Organisation deemed COVID-19 a worldwide pandemic. I was moved directly into the fourth year of my medical studies without examination, and applied to work in one of the few field hospitals set up across the United Kingdom, designed to handle to worst case scenario of COVID-19. Here I tended to the most basic needs of patients as a care support worker and witness first hand the relentlessness of this awful disease.  Being able to help and work in a role I was not familiar with has given me great insight into the needs of patient’s whether they are going home or in their final days of life.  As the pandemic cools down and the incidence curve flattens, we have all been put on standby, hopefully not to be required again.

scholarly journals Review Study on Sciencedirect Library Based on Coronavirus Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Muzhir Shaban Al-Ani ◽  
Dimah Mezher Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Health Organization

Several years ago, China and the United States of America began experimenting with the coronavirus, which lives in the bat. It is not known until now how the virus spread and how it extended to all countries of the world. However, it is certain that this virus first appeared and spread was at the end of 2019 and in the Chinese city of Wuhan, especially in markets close to laboratories that are working on this virus. At the beginning of the year 2020, this virus began to spread very widely all over the world and began killing thousands of people every day. The world economy was destroyed until the World Health Organization considered it a pandemic. As for the research aspect, the researchers started the research work on this pandemic from many aspects, including medical, statistical, managerial, healthcare, and others. A statistical analysis depends many key factors that have been studied. This study was conducted on April 11, 2020, where a large number of research papers were downloaded using the keywords coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, which were applied in the Sciencedirect library that was examined on 100 research papers only. The obtained results indicated that most of the research papers that worked on the subject of COVID-19 confirmed that this virus infects the human respiratory system, which in turn leads to shortness of breath and death. Here, it must be noted that the human immune system has a major role in the process of overcoming this virus and gradual recovery. The obtained analysis indicated that the main fields of coronavirus are: Medicine 42%, statistics 21%, healthcare 19%, and management 18%. Through this study, it became clear that China is the first country in terms of the number of researchers and also in terms of the number of research papers related to the COVID-19.

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