International Telecommunication Union

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Assignment ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Engineering Problems

The International High Frequency Broadcasting Conference opened October 22, 1948 in Mexico City with fifty-six of the sixty-four member countries represented. The Conference established committees to consider frequency requirements of all countries, technical engineering problems and a frequency assignment plan for high frequency broadcasting in accordance with principles determined by the Atlantic City Conference in 1947.

International Telecommunication Union

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-720
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Frequency Assignment ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Final Agreement

The conference of the International High Frequency Board in Mexico City terminated April 10, 1949 after having been in session since October 22, 1948. The purpose of the meeting was to consider frequency requirements of all countries, technical engineering problems, a frequency assignment plan and generally “to put to an end the anarchy prevalent in high frequency broadcasting.” Although it was first suggested that all problems should be considered anew at a future meeting of a technical committee in France, the majority of delegations felt that a final agreement should be concluded at Mexico at the same time as the Basic Plan for allocations which would only need to be completed by technical considerations. A French proposal that only those countries which had signed the Mexico Agreement by June 15, 1949 might take part in the work of the technical committee was adopted by 43 votes to 1 with 5 abstentions. The agreement was approved by 50 of the 69 countries participating; the United States and the Soviet Union did not sign the agreement.

International Telecommunication Union

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-647
Keyword(s):  
Assignment Problem ◽  
Frequency Assignment ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
Frequency Allocation ◽  
Frequency Assignment Problem ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication

The seventh session of the Administrative Council of the International Tele-communication Union met in Geneva from April 21 to June 6, 1952. The council studied the report of the Extraordinary Administrative Conference held at the end of 1951 in Geneva, considered that the conference had contributed greatly to the solution of the frequency assignment problem, accepted the extensive long-term responsibilities resulting from the agreements that the conference had adopted and decided to examine at each of its sessions until 1956 arrangements for the final implementation of the Atlantic City Frequency Allocation Table. Decisions were not unanimously taken, because a minority of the delegates were of the opinion that the principles adopted since 1948 for the preparation of a new international frequency list were “fallacious” and that the problem should be tackled from another angle.

International Telecommunication Union

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-648 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic City ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Common System

The Administrative Council of ‘the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) held its fourteenth session in Geneva from May 19 to June 12, 1959, under the chairmanship of Mr. Alfred F. Langenberger (Switzerland). In preparation for the 1959 conferences, the Council decided to prepare a report for submission to the forthcoming Administrative Radio Conference relating to the implementation of the Atlantic City Table of Frequency Allocations; the report summarized the action taken by the Council with respect to the situation prior to the Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference, held in Geneva in 1951, and with respect to that arising from the decisions of that Conference. As usual during the session of the Council prior to a Plenipotentiary Conference, the Council also drew up its report to the 1959 Conference on the recent activities of the Union, including questions calling for special attention by the Conference. In its final form, the report was in three parts: Part I related to the activities of the Council and ITU from 1953 to 1959; Part II dealt with the staff and finances of the Union; and Part III covered the various questions to be brought to the attention of the Plenipotentiary Conference. Chief among these matters were the possible assimilation of Union salaries, allowances, and pensions to those of the UN common system, the possible introduction of a consolidated budget and a Working Capital Fund, and problems set by the “ceiling” for the ordinary expenses of the Union.

International Telecommunication Union

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-542
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Argentine Republic

In March 1949 it was announced that Ethiopia and the Union of South Africa had ratified the International Telecommunication Convention. The convention had also been ratified by the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR but with reservations on article 18. The Argentine Republic approved the documents signed at the Administrative Radio Conference, Atlantic City, 1947, and authorized their administrative application from January 1, 1949.

International Telecommunication Union

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-382
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic City ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
The Republic

By June 1, 1950 Austria had become the sixtieth country to ratify the International Telecommunication Convention of Atlantic City, 1947. Four additional countries acceded to the convention bringing the membership of the International Telecommunication Union to 64. The Hungarian People's Republic, the Republic of Poland, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, also during the period under review, ratified the European Broadcasting Convention, Copenhagen, 1948.

International Telecommunication Union

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-544
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic City ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication

The Administrative Council of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) held its thirteenth session in Geneva from April 21 to May 17, 1958, under the chairmanship of Dr. Manohar Balaji Sarwate (India). Reviewing its program of future meetings, the Council suggested that the Radio Conference should open on August 17, 1959, with a duration of four months, and the Plenipotentiary Conference on October 14, 1959, with a duration of two months, both in Geneva. The Council studied and commented on the report of the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) on progress in the implementation of the Atlantic City Table of frequency allocations.

The International Telecommunication Union: Origin and Role

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Lyall
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
International Body ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Modern Technologies

Integral to modern life, electrical telecommunications have to work within the constraints set by the unalterable laws of physics. Transborder systems require that technologies and protocols be harmonized if there is to be interconnectivity and interoperability. International agreements on wired services date back to the 1850s. Separate bodies set up to deal with international communications in east and west Europe, were brought together in 1865 in a single international body, the International Telegraph Union. Wireless communication—radio—presented the additional problem of broadcast signals interfering with each other. From 1906, it was regulated on the basis of principles that still undergird the modern arrangements, but no formal international body was established for the purpose. Instead, radio was dealt with by a sequence of plenipotentiary conferences. The separate regimes for wired and wireless services were united in 1932 when the International Telecommunication Union was established. The 193-member union is the UN specialized agency that deals with all forms of telecommunication. It underwent a major reconstruction in 1992–1994 in order to cope with modern technologies and now works within a four-year cycle. Its institutions are its plenipotentiary conference, a council, a secretariat, and three sectors responsible, respectively, for development, standardization, and radio communication. Each of these last three has a bureau and holds international world and regional conferences, and is aided by a large number of specialized study groups. In radiocommunication, that sector supervises the operation of the Radio Regulations, in which a Table of Allocations prescribes which radio frequencies are used for what purpose and maintains a Master International Frequency Register, which records the active frequency assignments made by states to transmitting stations under their control. Its work has increased markedly with development of high-frequency systems and the proliferation of satellite systems serving various purposes.

International Telecommunication Union

1960 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-339 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

At the conclusion of the two International Telecommunication Union (ITU) conferences held in Geneva in 1959—the Plenipotentiary (October 14 to December 16) and the Administrative Radio (August 17 to December 17)—two international documents were officially signed by the representatives of 85 and 84 countries respectively, namely: 1) the new Convention, replacing the International Telecommunication Convention of Buenos Aires, 1952; and 2) the new Radio Regulations, replacing those of Atlantic City, 1947. The Convention was to take effect on January 1, 1961, and the Radio Regulations on May i, 1961. Some additional protocols had to be signed as well, so that certain decisions (for example, the elections of the newly-constituted Administrative Council, the Secretary-General, and the Deputy Secretary-General, and changes made in the budget system) could take effect forthwith. Numerous recommendations and resolutions were also adopted, and decisions concerning the way ITU was organized, how it was run, and its future development were reached by the Plenipotentiary Conference, the chairman of which was Mr. J. D. H. van der Toorn, head of the Netherlands delegation. The chairman of the Radio Conference was Mr. Charles J. Acton, head of the Canadian delegation.

International Telecommunication Union

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-802
Keyword(s):  
Secretary General ◽  
Atlantic City ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
International Telecommunications ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Telecommunications Services

The report of the International Telecommunication Union submitted to ECOSOC on June 11, 1951, was accompanied by a statement by the Secretary-General (Mulatier) in response to ECOSOC's resolution requesting all specialized agencies in the economic and social fields to review their programs with an eye to the concentration of all efforts and resources on the most urgent tasks. Noting that ITU's program of work was governed by the Atlantic City Convention (1947) and that the Union's 1952 activities would relate to its regular task of enabling its members to operate their international telecommunications services and to the holding of any conferences which might be essential for the performance of that task, the Secretary-General expressed the opinion that the program would not appear to include any activities of the kind contemplated in the ECOSOC resolution.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Listen-Before-Talk Mode for SeaSonde High-Frequency Ocean Radars

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cosoli
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Pulse Shaping ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
Spectral Leakage ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Calibration Pattern ◽  
Multiple Levels

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Resolution 612, in combination with Report ITU-R M2.234 (11/2011) and Recommendation ITU-R M.1874-1 (02/2013), regulates the use of the radiolocation services between 3 and 50 MHz to support high frequency oceanographic radar (HFR) operations. The operational frame for HFR systems include: band sharing capabilities, such as synchronization of the signal modulation; pulse shaping and multiple levels of filtering, to reduce out-of-band interferences; low radiated power; directional transmission antenna, to reduce emission over land. Resolution 612 also aims at reducing the use of spectral bands, either through the application of existing band-sharing capabilities, the reduction of the spectral leakage to neighboring frequency bands, or the development and implementation of listen-before-talk (LBT) capabilities. While the LBT mode is operational and commonly used at several phased-array HFR installations, the implementation to commercial direction-finding systems does not appear to be available yet. In this paper, a proof-of-concept is provided for the implementation of the LBT mode for commercial SeaSonde HFRs deployed in Australia, with potential for applications in other networks and installations elsewhere. Potential critical aspects for systems operated under this configuration are also pointed out. Both the receiver and the transmitter antennas may lose efficiency if the frequency offset from the resonant frequency or calibration pattern are too large. Radial resolution clearly degrades when a dynamical adaptation of the bandwidth is performed, which results in non-homogeneous spatial resolution and reduction of the quality of the data. A recommendation would be to perform the LBT-adapt scans after a full measurement cycle (1-h or 3-h, depending on the system configuration) is concluded. Mutual cross-interference from clock offsets between two HFR systems may bias the frequency scans when the site computers controlling data acquisitions are not properly time-synchronized.

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