The United Nations and Colonial Development

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Baker Fox
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Social Development ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
International Intervention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Political Economic

Organized international intervention in colonial affairs has never found favor in the eyes of the European colonial powers. It did not at San Francisco when they sought to restrict the United Nations role in non-self-governing territories. It was not well received when the Security Council dealt with Indonesia nor were its results favored when the General Assembly disposed of the Italian empire. It does not please them, now, when the focus of public attention is on the political, economic, and social development of the colonies.

Amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter of the United Nations

1965 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egon Schwelb
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Constitutional Development ◽  
Social Council ◽  
Unresolved Conflict ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Executive Organ ◽  
Made In

The student of the constitutional development of the United Nations has certainly had no reason so far to complain of a scarcity of serious problems and dangerous crises claiming his attention: from Mr. Khrushchev’s proposal of 1960 to abolish the office of the Secretary General and to replace it by an executive organ consisting of three persons representing the Western Powers, the socialist states and the neutralist countries, to the long drawn-out and, at the time of this writing, still unresolved conflict concerning “certain expenses of the United Nations,” the application of Article 19 of the Charter and “the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all their aspects.” It therefore comes as a pleasant change if, for once, he can address himself to a development of the constitutional law of the Organization which is clearly of a non-revolutionary character and is being brought about by applying the very procedure which is laid down in the Charter for changes of this kind: the increase, by the procedure regulated in Article 108 of the Charter, of the number of nonpermanent Members of the Security Council from six to ten and the increase of the membership of the Economic and Social Council from eighteen to twenty-seven. This was done by amendments to Articles 23, 27 and 61 of the Charter, which were adopted by the General Assembly on December 17, 1963, and which, by August 31, 1965, were ratified by 93 Members, i.e., a number exceeding two-thirds of the Members of the United Nations, including all the permanent Members of the Security Council. The amendments entered into force on August 31, 1965. While the changes thus made in the Charter have not brought about fundamental modifications in the structure of the Organization, they are of considerable political importance. Moreover, they are the first amendments in the text of the San Francisco Charter and, in the words of Secretary of State Rusk, “this is enough by itself to endow the event with considerable significance.”

The United Nations: Then and Now

1965 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence S. Finkelstein
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Small Power ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Common Destiny

“We do not want to entrust to five great Powers or to two great Powers the task of deciding … what our common destiny will be…”.To anyone who attended the great assemblage gathered at San Francisco in 1945 to write the Charter for the United Nations, these words have a familiar ring. Indeed, they might have been uttered (and no doubt were ad nauseam) by small-power representatives during the seemingly interminable debates over the rule of unanimity—the veto—in the Security Council. In fact, these words were spoken in February 1965 by the Mauritanian delegate explaining, on the final day of the “abortive” nineteenth session of the General Assembly, why he voted with Albania in protest against the “basis of consensus” which had governed the session.

Mozambique and the United Nations

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Khawas
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Political ◽  
The United Nations

Mozambique has been a difficult and frustrating problem for the United Nations ever since the mid-1950s when Portugal first became a member of the United Nations and denied that it had any territories which did not fully govern themselves. Although the General Assembly and the Security Council have both labored on the problem for many years, their action has not brought about any real improvements in the political or social realities in Mozambique.

3 Institutional Structure and the Position of Members, 3.3 Conditions of Admission of a State to Membership in the United Nations ( Article 4 of the Charter ), Advisory Opinion, [1948] ICJ Rep 57; Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to the United Nations , Advisory Opinion, [1950] ICJ Rep 4

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fry James D ◽  
Chong Agnes
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Political ◽  
Advisory Opinion ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Icj ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Advisory Opinions

Statehood traditionally has been determined by reference to the Montevideo Convention criteria. However, more recently, many commentators have come to see collective recognition through UN membership as the main avenue to statehood, a view supported by the extraordinary efforts taken by emerging states to gain UN membership. Only states can be UN members, and so UN membership is the ‘badge’ of statehood, or so the argument goes. In light of this shift to collective recognition through UN membership, the two ICJ advisory opinions gain particular importance. In responding to the political stalemate in the Security Council over admission of new UN members, the ICJ insisted on adhering to the legal rules of the UN Charter concerning admission, which is one of the main lessons of these advisory opinions. However, politics ultimately prevailed over the law when resolving the stalemate, which might be the more important lesson.

The General Assembly and the Progressive Development and Codification of International Law

1948 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuen-Li Liang
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The United Nations

The work which has been undertaken by the United Nations with regard to the encouragement of the progressive development and codification of international law finds its express origin in the duty given to the General Assembly by Article 13, paragraph 1 (a) of the Charter of the United Nations. It is therein laid down that: “ 1 . The General Assembly shall initiate studies and make recommendations for the purpose of: (a) promoting international cooperation in the political field and encouraging the progressive development of international law and its codification.” At the Conference held at San Francisco, April 25 to June 25, 1945, at which the Charter of the United Nations wasdrawn up, the measures that should be taken for “revitalizing and strengthening” international law, shaken in the course of a quarter of a century by the upheaval of two World Wars, were considered by Committee II/2 of the Conference.

scholarly journals Never before seen in Brazil: Luis Inácio Lula da Silva's grand diplomacy

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
The United Nations

Critical assessment of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva's diplomacy, which departed from the previous patterns of the Brazilian Foreign Service, to align itself with the political conceptions of the Workers' Party. This diplomacy has neither consolidated the position of Brazil as a regional leader, nor attained its declared goal of inserting Brazil into the United Nations Security Council, although it has reinforced Brazil's image in the international scenarios; but this was achieved much more through the personal activism of the President himself, than through normal diplomatic work.

Arab League

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-281
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Political ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Arab League ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Arab States

The Political Committee of the Arab League met in Cairo beginning December 20, 1952, under the chairmanship of Fathy Radwan (Egypt) to discuss questions relating to Palestine and north Africa. On December 25, the committee issued a statement approving the failure of passage in the United Nations General Assembly of the resolution adopted by the Ad Hoc Political Committee calling for direct negotiations between Israel and the Arab states. The committee condemned “the mere idea of an invitation to Arabs to negotiate with the Israelis” and expressed the hope “that there would be no repetition of these attempts”.

Chinese Representation in the United Nations

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
National Government ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Republic

The state of China — a nation of possibly 460,000,000 people — has been a Member of the United Nations since the foundation of that organization in 1945. As a Member, China is legally entitled to representation in United Nations organs unless and until, pursuant to preventive or enforcement action taken by the Security Council, the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership may be suspended by the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council. The representatives of China in United Nations organs from 1945 to the present have been accredited by the National Government of the Republic of China. By the end of 1949 control over the mainland of China and over perhaps 450,000,000 people had passed from the National Government to the (communist) “Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China,” the effective control of the National Government having been reduced largely to the island of Formosa.

The Rôle of the General Assembly of the United Nations in the Admission of Members

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Stuart Klooz
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Nations

The effort of the delegate from Argentina to press the admission of certain states into the United Nations despite the negative vote of one of the five permanent members of the Security Council was denounced by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Poland, Belgium, Pakistan, The Netherlands, and France as being contrary to the provisions of the Charter in the discussion on the adoption of the agenda during the Third Session of the General Assembly. These states held that even discussion of such an item by the Assembly was illegal.

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