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2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Irene Widya Siswanti ◽  
Sudarti Sudarti

Environmental-based elementary school social science learning is a very important lesson in building a sense of concern for students about the surrounding environment both at school and in the community. However, teacher perceptions are needed in understanding environmental-based learning in order to apply it to classroom learning. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the teacher's perception of environmental- based Social Science learning. This research was conducted through surveys and giving questionnaires to school teachers, the sample of this study was 25 respondents from SDN Watugolong 02 teachers. The data of this study were analyzed using data interpretation analysis. The results of this study indicate that teachers' perceptions are positive about environmental-based Social Science-based learning with a percentage of 60% of 25 respondents and teachers give reasons that this learning will have a positive impact on elementary school students. In conclusion, the teacher's perception of environmental- based social studies learning is very positive. The positive thing in question is to build the character of students to foster a sense of care for the environment such as throwing garbage in its place.


KronoScope ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-171
Author(s):  
David Jakobsen

Abstract The peculiar aspect of medieval logic, that the truth-value of propositions changes with time, gradually disappeared as Europe exited the Renaissance. In modern logic, it was assumed by W.V.O. Quine that one cannot appreciate modern symbolic logic if one does not take it to be tenseless. A.N. Prior’s invention of tense-logic challenged Quine’s view and can be seen as a turn to medieval logic. However, Prior’s discussion of the philosophical problems related to quantified tense-logic led him to reject essential aspects of medieval logic. This invites an evaluation of Prior’s formalisation of tense-logic as, in part, an argument in favour of the medieval view of propositions. This article argues that Prior’s turn to medieval logic is hampered by his unwillingness to accept essential medieval assumptions regarding facts about objects that do not exist. Furthermore, it is argued that presentists should learn an important lesson from Prior’s struggle with accepting the implications of quantified tense-logic and reject theories that purport to be presentism as unorthodox if they also affirm Quine’s view on ontic commitment. In the widest sense: philosophers who, like Prior, turn to the medieval view of propositions must accept a worldview with facts about individuals that, in principle, do not supervene (present tense) on being, for they do not yet exist.


2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Sury . Utami ◽  
Rahmad . Husein ◽  
Zainuddin . Zainuddin

English conversation is an important lesson for Senior High School students in order to face the globalization effects. Many students considered English conversation as a controversial lesson through their positive and negative attitudes toward it. This study aimed to investigate the types of attitudes of the Senior High School students in learning English conversation, to describe the realization of the attitudes of Senior High School students in learning English conversations, and to explain the reason of the attitude which Senior High School students realized in the ways they are. The subjects of this study were 20 students consisting 12 females and 8 males at the age of 16-18 years old. The data were collected by observations and interviews then were analyzed using Interactive Models. The result showed that positive and negative attitude in learning English conversations, five types of realizations, and the reasons of the students realized their attitudes i.e. the language loyalty, language pride,  and awareness of language norms. It was concluded that the students’ attitude varied as to positive and negative ones and realized in numerous manners affected by several factors. Keywords: Discourse Markers, Students Interactions, Nonformal Education, Conversation


2022 ◽  
pp. 161-188
Author(s):  
Linlin Luo ◽  
Kenneth A. Kiewra

Students are distracted by mobile technology in the classroom when learning from lectures and outside the classroom when studying. Students are susceptible to distractions because they are not fully engaged in learning. In the classroom, they record notes mindlessly that capture just one-third of important lesson ideas. When they study outside the classroom, they study information in a piecemeal fashion and employ mindless repetition strategies. These weak and unengaging learning strategies open the door for digital distractions. One potential means to engage students in meaningful learning and to offset digital distractions is an integrated strategy system called SOAR, which stands for select, organize, associate, and regulate. This chapter describes SOAR and how instructors can maximize SOAR's components to curb digital distractions by improving student note taking in the classroom and study behaviors outside the classroom. The chapter concludes by specifying how instructors can teach students to SOAR on their own.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 338-347
Author(s):  
Nabiilatudzakiyah

The values ​​of Pancasila are very important lesson to be instilled as early as possible to students so that they become intelligent and noble generations, but the use of learning media in this material is minimal Therefore, this study aims to produce a contextual based digital comic media that is feasible and valid to be used on Pancasila values material in grade III Elementary School and can make it easier for students to understand Pancasila values so that student can be apply them in everyday life. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) and uses the ADDIE model. The results of product development after validation bye expert and get the percentage of eligibility 91% form material experts and 96% from media experts. Then validated by 2 teachers and get a percentage of 96.4% eligibility. The digital comic learning media was tested for class III SDN 11 OKU. In the One to one evaluation stage, the percentage of feasibility is 92.4%, in the small group evaluation stage, the percentage of feasibility is 93.2%. Then at the Field evaluation stage, the percentage of feasibility is 86.04%, meaning that contextual-based digital comic learning media material for grade III elementary school Pancasila values ​​is very feasible for used and can make it easier for students to understand the material.


Author(s):  
Gordon Braxton

Gordon Braxton was in his third year of college before anybody bothered to speak to him about sexual violence, this despite the fact that he already knew friends and family members who had survived a sexual assault. Gordon now knows that he was not alone, as his talks with boys are often the first and only opportunities that they have to discuss their views on sexual violence and what role they might play in preventing it. These isolated conversations are not enough to change an entire culture. This book supports the training of a rising generation by providing commentary from an experienced educator, an overview of existing research and preventive techniques, and insight into young men’s perspectives on violence. The resultant crash course on violence prevention is the first to focus on Black boys and to be written by a Black male author. The most important lesson that boys have to learn is that they have an essential role to play in preventing sexual violence. So many of them accept this violence as beyond their control when they could be valuable agents of change. More and more parents and mentors of boys are coming to address sexual violence as a cultural problem rather than representing the activities of isolated social deviants. Empowering Black Boys to Challenge Rape Culture stands to help America as it comes to the realization that sexual violence can be prevented and that a rising generation of boys will play a part in realizing a nonviolent future.


Author(s):  
Wayne F. Cascio

Corporate restructuring occurs when a company makes significant changes to its financial or operational structure, for example, by changing its complement of employees or assets through downsizing or upsizing. A common set of factors drives decisions to restructure, including decisions to divest or to acquire employees, assets, or both. In order of priority, these factors comprise current and prior company performance, managerial foresight, economic conditions, political uncertainty, industry, and technology. Companies typically downsize employees to stop eroding profitability and to increase the likelihood of future profitability. The economic rationale that drives it is straightforward: companies become profitable when revenues exceed costs, an outcome obtained by increasing revenues, decreasing costs, or both. Because future revenues are less predictable and controllable than future costs, decreasing costs is compelling. Managers often do that by reducing the size of the workforce and its associated labor costs. Employee downsizing makes sense when it is a reaction to an emergency, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Employee downsizing can also be part of a broader workforce strategy designed to adjust workforce competencies to align more closely with the overall strategy of a business. Organizations typically use one or more of four broad methods to downsize their workforces. The simplest is natural attrition. Alternatively, firms may offer buyouts—to individual employees (voluntary severance), to entire business units (corporate restructuring), even to the entire organization. A third strategy is involuntary layoffs—termination—with no choice by the departing employees. Businesses large and small that were hard hit by the pandemic had little or no choice but to use this strategy. A final strategy is early retirement offers, often part of a broader buyout scheme. From an organizational view, early retirement has the advantage of opening up promotion opportunities for younger workers. When firms downsize employees, they incur direct as well as indirect costs. While almost all the direct costs, such as severance pay and accrued vacation, are short-term (realized in the year they are incurred), indirect costs, such as decreased productivity, reduced morale, and aversion to risk among survivors, begin to accrue immediately and may continue for longer periods. When considering alternatives to downsizing employees, decision-makers must first assess if the downturn in business is permanent or temporary. If permanent, the only alternative to layoffs is to upskill, reskill, or retrain employees to develop new lines of business. If temporary, then there are numerous alternative ways to cut costs besides laying off workers. These range from reducing work hours to redeploying workers. A central issue for many stakeholders is the financial consequences of corporate restructuring. Regarding acquisitions, there is little evidence of a net beneficial effect on the performance of the acquirer, as measured by profitability. Rather, such actions often yield a lower rate of return than growth through internal investment. With respect to divestiture of assets, meta-analysis reveals a mixed picture of subsequent performance. Evidence does indicate, however, that different performance effects can be attributed to different conditions of the macroeconomy. With respect to within-company changes in employees, assets, or both, large-scale research reveals that corporate restructuring undertaken during difficult financial conditions, on average, outperforms corporate restructuring undertaken under more benign conditions. An important lesson for managers is to avoid downsizing as a quick fix to restore or enhance profitability. Layoffs are the most frequently employed method of downsizing but provide the smallest payoff. When faced with deteriorating results, it might be more prudent to be patient and to undertake the more demanding and comprehensive downsizing of employees and assets. As for upsizing employees, assets, or both, high-profitability upsizing does not automatically lead to better stock market performance. It tends to yield better results when the company’s performance needs improvement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangnim Lee ◽  
Aya Ishizuka ◽  
Hisateru Tachimori ◽  
Manami Uechi ◽  
Hidechika Akashi ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Japan strives to strengthen its development cooperation by mobilizing various resources to assist partner countries advance on Universal Health Coverage by 2030. However, the involvement and roles of various actors for health are not clear. This study is the first to map Japan’s publicly funded projects by both Official Development Assistance (ODA) and other non-ODA public funds, and to describe the intervention areas. Further, the policy implications for country-specific cooperation strategies are discussed. The development cooperation for health in Vietnam is used as a case in this study. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the Japanese publicly funded health projects that were being implemented in Vietnam during December 2016 was conducted. A framework of analysis based on the World Health Organization six health systems building blocks was adopted. The projects’ qualitative information was also assessed. Results Overall, 68 projects implemented through Japanese public funding were analyzed. These 68 projects under 15 types of schemes were managed by seven different scheme-operating organizations and funded by five ministries. Of these 44 (64.7%) were ODA and 24 (35.3%) were non-ODA projects. Among the recategorized six building blocks of the health system, the largest proportion of projects was health service delivery (44%), followed by health workforces (25%), and health information systems (15%). Almost half the projects were implemented together with the central hospitals as Vietnamese counterparts, which suggests that this is one area in which the specificities of Japanese cooperation are demonstrated. No synergetic effects of potential collaboration or harmonization among Japanese funded projects were captured. Conclusions Several Japanese-funded projects addressed a wide range of health issues across all six building blocks of the health system in Vietnam. However, there is room for improvement in developing coordination and harmonization among the diversified Japanese projects. Establishing a country-specific mechanism for strategic coordination across Japanese ministries’ schemes can yield efficient and effective development cooperation for health. While Vietnam’s dependence on external funding is low, the importance of coordination across domestic actors of the donor countries can serve as an important lesson, especially in beneficiary countries with high external funding dependency.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-476
Author(s):  
Solahuddin Al-Ayubi ◽  
Evania Herindar

Zakat is an Islamic social financial instrument that has become an important factor in overcoming poverty. This paper aims to explain the practice of zakat from time to time: the practice of zakat on the Prophet Muhammad, during the Khulafaurrasyidin era, during the tabi'in period, during the Islamic Kingdom in Indonesia, during colonialism, and after independence. This article uses a approach qualitative. This article is library research. The results showed that the management of zakat on the Prophet Muhammad Saw. until khulafaurrasydin was handed over directly to the Prophet Muhammad Saw. and Khulafaurrasyidin or people who are mandated by the Prophet and Khulafaurrasyidin to manage them. The management of zakat in the Umayyah dynasty is getting better, but its performance has declined except during the time of Umar bin Abdul Aziz. During the Abbasiyah dynasty, people began not paying zakat due to the high burden of kharj and ushr taxes. In the Andalusian dynasty, the management of zakat became a bone of contention between tribal chiefs, as a result, the distribution of zakat could not meet the adequacy of the poor. During the Fatimiyah dynasty, the caliph asked each regional head to collect zakat, then deposited the zakat to him without any recording of expenses or receipts. The most important lesson in this era is that public trust and compliance in paying the zakat are the main determinants of zakat performance. During the Islamic Kingdom, zakat became a public obligation and contributed to the development of Islamic kingdoms. Then the zakat is managed by the kingdom and is considered as royal income. During colonialism, zakat served as a source of funds for the struggle for Indonesian independence. After Indonesia gained its independence, zakat again received attention from economists, fiqh experts, and the government in the Indonesian economy.


Author(s):  
Oluwole Owoye ◽  
Olugbenga A. Onafowora

This paper provides a comparative analysis of the tariffs-restricted trade wars between the United States and China under the recent past four presidents of the United States by using the difference-in-differences estimator framework. The overarching objective of three of the four presidential administrations that engaged in trade wars was to reduce the United States’ trade deficits with China. This raised some research questions. Did each administration achieve its objective of reducing the trade deficits with China? If so, which administration more effectively reduced the trade deficits in comparison to their immediate predecessor? What lessons can future administrations and governments around the world draw from the outcomes of the tariffs-restricted trade wars between the United States and China?  To determine which president – Trump, Obama, and Bush – most effectively utilized import tariffs to reduce the trade deficits with China, we specified and tested three different sets of hypotheses. In sync with a controlled experiment, we tested another three sets of hypotheses in which we compared Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush to President Clinton who did not impose tariffs on China. Based on our estimated results, we rejected all the null hypotheses in favor of the alternative hypotheses, which suggest that Presidents Trump, Obama, and Bush did not achieve any significant reduction in the United States’ trade deficits with China through the use of tariffs relative to President Clinton. The important lesson drawn from these findings is that tariffs are counterproductive and ineffective policy strategy.


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