Diplomatic Conference on the reaffirmation and development of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (167) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Swiss Government

On 20 February 1974, the Diplomatic Conference convened by the Swiss Government opened in Geneva. It was attended by the plenipotentiaries of 118 States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and members of the United Nations, and by representatives of numerous international, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations. The Conference examined the two draft Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions which the ICRC had prepared with the assistance of experts from countries all over the world, for the purpose of supplementing international humanitarian law in view of the development of conflicts. Since armed conflicts, unhappily, break out from time to time and the forms and techniques of warfare develop, it has become necessary to adapt the Geneva Conventions to present-day circumstances.

Some Aspects of Prisoner-of-war Status According to the Geneva Protocol I of 1977

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 243-281
Author(s):  
Nissim Bar-Yaacov
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
First Session

The Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, convened by the Swiss Federal Council, held four sessions in Geneva during the years 1974–1977. On 8 June 1977, the Conference adopted by consensus two Protocols Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, the first relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts (Protocol I), and the second relating to the protection of victims of noninternational armed conflicts (Protocol II).The states invited to the Conference were all the states Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, and such states non-Parties as were members of the United Nations. 126 states were represented at the first session, 121— at the second, 106—at the third and 109—at the fourth.

Road to Nowhere? The Future for a Declaration on Fundamental Standards of Humanity

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Crawford
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Current Terminology

In the years following the adoption of the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions in 1977, debate emerged regarding the extant lacunae in the international rules relating to armed conflict. It was argued that there were gaps in international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law with regards to so-called ‘grey-zone conflicts’ – armed conflicts that did not reach the minimum threshold of either Protocol II or Common Article 3. Therefore, it was proposed that a declaration outlining the minimum humanitarian standards applicable in all situations of violence and conflict be adopted. By 1990, this debate had crystallised around the Turku Declaration on Minimum Humanitarian Standards. However, progress on the declaration quickly stalled once discussion was moved to the United Nations. Since 1995, there have been nine reports by the Secretary-General on the question of fundamental standards of humanity to use the current terminology. Over the years, the scope and content the fundamental standards of humanity has become clearer, yet the adoption of a document on these fundamental standards is no more imminent than when the issue first moved to the United Nations. This article will therefore examine why and how this apparently vital piece of international policy has stalled.

Convocation of the Diplomatic Conference

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (151) ◽  
pp. 516-518
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Member States ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
War Victims

The Swiss Federal Council has invited all States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the protection of war victims, and all member States of the United Nations to send representatives to the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts, which it is convening to meet in Geneva from 20 February to 29 March 1974.

The application of humanitarian law by the armed forces of the United Nations Organization

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (206) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sandoz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The United Nations

The events in Lebanon and the despatch of a UN armed force to keep the peace there brings into focus a problem which cannot be ignored, the application of international humanitarian law in armed conflicts. This problem has two aspects:— What is the nature of the armed forces which the UN commits or can commit at the present time?— To what extent are these armed forces obliged to apply humanitarian law?

UN Peacekeeping Operations: Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility for Operations-Related Damage

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Shraga
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
First Time

In the five decades that followed the Korea operation, where for the first time the United Nations commander agreed, at the request of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), to abide by the humanitarian provisions of the Geneva Conventions, few UN operations lent themselves to the applicability of international humanitarian law

Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (156) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Recent Developments

The Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts opened in Geneva on 20 February 1974. This Conference was convened by the Swiss Government and is being attended by plenipotentiary representatives of 118 States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Members of the United Nations, as well as by many observers for intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. The Conference will sit until 29 March to deal with two additional draft protocols to the Geneva Conventions, which the International Committee of the Red Cross has drawn up with a view to supplementing existing international humanitarian law in the light of recent developments in matters of war.

The prohibition of reprisals in Protocol I: Greater protection for war victims

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (320) ◽  
pp. 524-527
Author(s):  
Konstantin Obradovic
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
Yugoslav Wars ◽  
War Victims

It is not without reservations that I am responding to the invitation from the Review for ‘veterans’ of the Diplomatic Conference on the reaffirmation and development of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts (hereafter the Diplomatic Conference) to commemorate the signing 20 years ago of the Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions. On 8 June 1977, all of us who contributed in one way or another to the drafting of those texts felt a sense of relief at having finally achieved our task. We also felt a kind of exhilaration at the thought that we had successfully completed an important undertaking that would benefit war victims. The two Protocols represented a major leap forward in the law of armed conflict. It should not be forgotten that practically two-thirds of the international community have now ratified these instruments. Yet compliance with them regrettably remains far from satisfactory. I need hardly recite the tragic litany of conflicts over the past 20 years that bear out this deficiency. The case best known to me is that of the “Yugoslav wars” (1991–1995). They constitute the clearest example of the yawning gap between the law itself and the degree to which it is implemented. What is even more worrying is that all of this is taking place in a world where the demise of “totalitarianism” has left the world with what is, for all practical purposes, a single centre of power. This centre comprises those States which, since the International Peace Conference held in 1899 in The Hague, have been inspired by their democratic traditions and their attachment to human rights and the rule of law to play a leading role in developing, affirming and reaffirming what today constitutes international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflicts. I therefore believe that this divergence between the letter of the law and the conduct of those responsible for implementing it results from a lack of determination on the part of governments to “ensure respect” for that law throughout the world. I am in no doubt whatsoever that they have sufficiently efficacious means at their disposal to do so. What is missing, unfortunately, is the political will.

Human Rights and Protocol II

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (236) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Junod
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The United Nations

Human rights, particularly civil and political, have influenced the latest developments in international humanitarian law, especially 1977 Protocol II relating to non-international armed conflicts. At the Teheran Conference in 1968 the United Nations began to reconcile these two branches of international law; it was at this Conference that international humanitarian law was first called “human rights in periods of armed conflict”. This rapprochement was helped further by the adoption in the 1977 Protocols of some basic rules identical to those in the Human Rights Conventions; it helps strengthen the protection of human beings in situations of armed conflict.

Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts: Conference of Red Cross Experts

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (121) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The United Nations

On 1 March 1971, the Conference of Red Cross experts on the reaffirmation and development of international humanitarian law applicable in armed conflict opened at the Peace Palace in The Hague. The Conference, of which the significance was explained in our March issue, and which continued until 6 March, was convened by the International Committee of the Red Cross and organized with the valuable co-operation of the Netherlands Red Cross Society. Sixty-nine delegates, representing 34 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, participated in the session.The opening meeting, under the Chairmanship of the Jonkheer Kraijenhoff, President of the Netherlands Red Cross Society, took place in the main hall of the International Court of Justice, in the presence of H.E. Mr. C. H. F. Polak, Minister of Justice, Mr. V. G. M. Marijnen, Burgomaster of The Hague, Mr. Marcel A. Naville, President of the ICRC, Mr. Marc Schreiber, Director of the U.N. Human Rights Division, Mr. Nedim Abut, Under Secretary-General of the League of Red Cross Societies, and many diplomatic representativesA number of speakers took the floor. Mr. Marijnen bade the participants welcome; Mr. Schreiber presented the greetings and good wishes of the United Nations Secretary-General, underlining the excellent co-operation between the United Nations and the ICRC. The Presidents of the Netherlands Red Cross and of the ICRC each delivered an address, the main passages of which we reproduce below, not omitting to mention that Mr. Naville expressed the Geneva institution's gratitude to the Netherlands Red Cross which played a determining role in the organizing of the Conference.

scholarly journals Documents of Humanitarian Law and Support of Family in the Situation of Armed Conflicts

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Zahra Khabbaz ◽  
Mohammad Roshan ◽  
Ebrahim Taghizadeh ◽  
Hassan Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Special Support ◽  
Geneva Conventions ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Crimes Against Women ◽  
Physically Challenged

At current era, international humanitarian law has much importance and different dimensions while before the establishment of the United Nations Organization; merely bill conventions considered this issue. But after the formation of the United Nations Organization, Geneva rights were formed in 1949. Humanitarian law has different dimensions like family discussions that have been reflected in numerous documents of humanitarian law. For example, in quadruple Geneva conventions and two additional protocols, the cases from this view for exerting some humane supports of families can be considered. Even in some cases, according to the competence of the international penal court, some crimes against women and children have been criminalized, and massive criminal guarantees have been ordained for dealing with them. Therefore, in this article about the necessity and importance of the support of a family dynasty as the central core of human societies, numerous documents of humanitarian law have been studied and analyzed for supporting this important social element. Also, this result was obtained that in armed conflicts such as domestic or international, protection of a relation between the family members and special support of women, physically challenged persons and children in the first degree are considered as supportive priorities in Geneva conventions and supportive documents of humanitarian law.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document