AUTHOR OF HIS OWN FATE? THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY WRITINGS OF AYUBA SULAYMAN DIALLO

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-377
Author(s):  
PAUL NAYLOR ◽  
MARION WALLACE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Life History ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
British Library ◽  
New Information ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe life of Ayuba Sulayman Diallo (also known as Job ben Solomon) receives a fresh examination in this article, based primarily on his own writings. The son of an Imam from Bundu in Senegambia, Diallo was enslaved in 1731 and transported to America. He survived to gain his freedom, make his mark in London society, and return to Africa in 1734. This article offers an analysis of documents from the British Library, including items that have not been previously analysed and are here translated into English for the first time. In addition, they bring together what is known of his archive, including the letters he wrote before, during, and after his time in London, the Qur'ans he scribed there, and the scraps and snippets created as he discussed the Arabic language with friends.A close analysis of Diallo's writings reveals new information about his life history; his relationships with the elites in both Bundu and London; his scholarly abilities; and the history of Bundu itself. Diallo used the technology of writing to direct the course of his own life and career, converting a disastrous course of events into favourable opportunities for himself.

THE ISLIP ROLL RE-EXAMINED

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 231-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Payne
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence

The mortuary roll of John Islip (1464–1532), Abbot of Westminster, is the finest example of its kind to survive in England. The drawings, possibly by Gerard Horenbout, afford the only views of the interior of Westminster Abbey before the Dissolution. The discovery of eighteenth-century copies of an unknown, coloured version of the roll provides important new evidence for both the circumstances of the production and the later history of both rolls. It also provides, for the first time, an authentic colour view of the interior of Westminster Abbey in the late medieval period, and new information on its decoration.

scholarly journals Ecology and life history of Paratomapoderus brachypterus in Gabon (Coleoptera: Attelabidae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Silvano Biondi ◽  
Carlo Massarone ◽  
Cosmin-Ovidiu Manci
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Trophic Activity ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

On the base of data collected during four expeditions in Gabon (West Africa) from 2012 to 2016, the authors provide new information on trophic activity and reproductive behaviour of Paratomapoderus brachypterus (Voss, 1926) (Attelabidae: Apoderinae, Hoplapoderini), with emphasis on leaf-roll realisation; host plant, leaf roll, larva and pupa are illustrated for the first time.

scholarly journals Life History of Oxybelus variegatus Wesmael, 1852 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) with a Description of the Mature Larva

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Piotr Olszewski ◽  
Petr Bogusch ◽  
Krzysztof Szpila
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mature Larva ◽  
Digger Wasp ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Delia Platura

The first comprehensive information on the bionomics of the digger wasp Oxybelus variegatus Wesmael, 1852 is presented. Females nested in small aggregations in crevices between paving stones of a frequently used pedestrian pathway in lowland agricultural wasteland. Nests were dug in the ground using mandibles, legs and abdomen. The nest consists of a main burrow with one or, rarely, two cells. The mature larva is described for the first time. The egg stage lasts for about two days before the larva hatches. The female provisioned each cell with an average of 11 paralysed male flies of Delia platura (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). Numerous females of dipteran kleptoparasites were observed in the nesting area of O. variegatus. However, only a few nests were infested by larvae of Senotainia conica (Fallen, 1810).

Aristotle's Approach to Poetry

1981 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
B. R. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Samson Agonistes ◽  
Tom Jones ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
First Time

These are the opening words of Aristotle's Poetics, generally recognized as the most influential work in the history of Western European drama and poetic theory since the Renaissance. The initial statement of the scope of the inquiry is a formidable one; but a reader coming to it for the first time might well be forgiven for concluding that it promises far more than it achieves. Is it possible, he might ask, that all this is contained in a slim volume occupying no more than 47 pages in the Oxford Classical Text and 45 in the Penguin translation? Reading further, he might become even more disillusioned: what he discovers is that, after a very brief and perfunctory introduction on poetry as a form of mimesis or artistic representation, Aristotle limits himself to a discussion of tragedy, a cursory treatment of epic, and a few passing references to comedy, and that, even in the case of tragedy, by far the major part of the argument is devoted to an examination of plot. Can this really be the work which excited scholars in the Renaissance, inspired Milton to write Samson Agonistes, an Aristotelian drama if there ever was one, provided the structural pattern and dramatic conventions for the plays of Racine and Corneille, gave Fielding the principles on which he based his Tom Jones, influenced Goethe and Lessing and, through Lessing, Coleridge, and has won the attention and admiration of critics writing in English from James Harris at the end of the eighteenth century to Richard MacKeon in the second half of the twentieth? And, if so, why?

Court Jews, Printers, Book Publishing, and the Beginning of the Haskalah in the German Lands: The Life History of the Wulffian Printing Press as a Case-Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Gad Freudenthal
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Life History ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Printing Press ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Guide Of The Perplexed

Abstract This article presents the history of a printing press that operated at several places near Berlin during the first half of the eighteenth century, culminating in the epoch-making reprinting of Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed in 1742. The press was established in Dessau in 1694 by the court Jew Moses Wulff (1661–1729), and was run by several printers, notably the convert Israel b. Abraham (fl. 1715–1752). Using the trajectory of the Wulff press as a case study, I examine the relations between scholars, patrons of learning (especially court Jews), printers, and book publishing. The inquiry will highlight the considerable role that court Jews played in shaping the Jewish bookshelf, notably by choosing which books (reprints and original) would be funded. Surprisingly perhaps, although court Jews were in continuous contact with the environing culture, they did not usually favor the printing of non-traditional Jewish works that would favor a rapprochement.

Description of the pupa and observations on the distribution, ecology, and life history of Quedius spelaeus spelaeus Horn (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1226 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAX MOSELEY ◽  
JAN KLIMASZEWSKI ◽  
CHRISTOPHER G. MAJKA
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The troglophilic staphylinid beetle Quedius spelaeus spelaeus Horn 1871, has been found in a number of porcupine dung caves in Nova Scotia where it appears to be the dominant predator on other invertebrates. In culture, late-instar larvae were observed to excavate and remain in cavities excavated in dung, and to pupate in these cavities. The pupa is described for the first time and compared with other pupae in the genus Quedius Stephens. The apparently disjunct distribution of the species in Nova Scotia is discussed and it is suggested that it may have colonized the province from Atlantic glacial refugia.

The Short, Lascivious Lives of Two Venetian Theaters, 1580-85

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 936-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Opera House ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The teatro all'italiana, or Italian opera house with boxes, was one of the most successful building types invented during the Renaissance, but fragmentary and ambiguous evidence has made locating its origins difficult. This article proposes that those origins are to be found in two theaters for commedia dell'arte built in Venice in 1580 and destroyed by order of the Council of Ten in 1585 (m.v.). The history of these two theaters is sketched here for the first time by means of documents recently found in the Archivio di Stato, Venice, that also include new information related to Palladia's Teatro Olimpico in Vicenza. The role the two Venetian theaters played in the economic, political and social history of the city is suggested.

Spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ deposits of the Rhynie outlier, Scotland

2006 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Thermal Maturity ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arthropod Cuticle ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTSince the late 1980s an extensive programme of trenching/borehole drilling has been undertaken in order to study the Lower Devonian ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ deposits of the Rhynie outlier in the Grampian Highlands of Scotland. The boreholes have provided new information on the stratigraphical succession and geological structure of the Rhynie outlier, both of which were hitherto poorly understood due to the paucity of good surface exposure and the complex geological relationships of the deposits. One hundred and eighteen palynological samples were collected, representing much of the stratigraphical sequence of the inlier, of which 106 were productive. Productive samples yield assemblages of well preserved palynomorphs, dominated by spores and phytodebris, but also containing arthropod cuticle and rare freshwater algal remains. The spore assemblages are systematically described and two new genera and six new species proposed. They are similar throughout the sequence and the spores belong to the polygonalis–emsiensis Spore Assemblage Biozone of Richardson & McGregor (1986) and the PoW Oppel Zone (possibly Su Interval Zone) of Streel et al. (1987), indicating an early (but not earliest) Pragian–?earliest Emsian age range, that may possibly be restricted to latest Pragian–?earliest Emsian. The palynomorph assemblages contain only terrestrial forms, supporting sedimentological interpretation of the deposits as ‘Lower Old Red Sandstone’ fluviatile and lacustrine deposits, with occasional extrusive volcanics and volcaniclastic sediments intercalated. The palynomorphs are of variable thermal maturity (within and between samples), probably reflecting differential heating associated with the complex volcanic/hydrothermal system. The new palynological data provide, for the first time, a reliable biostratigraphical age for the deposits, and suggest that they accumulated relatively rapidly. Spore biostratigraphy and thermal maturity studies facilitate correlation of the tectonically complex deposits, and shed light on other aspects of the geological history of the outlier. The palynomorph assemblages also aid interpretation of the biota of the Rhynie basin, including the exceptionally preserved biotas of the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts.

scholarly journals Principles and biological concepts of heredity before Mendel

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Poczai ◽  
Jorge A. Santiago-Blay
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Standard Textbook ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe knowledge of the history of a subject stimulates understanding. As we study how other people have made scientific breakthroughs, we develop the breadth of imagination that would inspire us to make new discoveries of our own. This perspective certainly applies to the teaching of genetics as hallmarked by the pea experiments of Mendel. Common questions students have in reading Mendel’s paper for the first time is how it compares to other botanical, agricultural, and biological texts from the early and mid-nineteenth centuries; and, more precisely, how Mendel’s approach to, and terminology for debating, topics of heredity compare to those of his contemporaries? Unfortunately, textbooks are often unavailing in answering such questions. It is very common to find an introduction about heredity in genetic textbooks covering Mendel without mentions of preceding breeding experiments carried out in his alma mater. This does not help students to understand how Mendel came to ask the questions he did, why he did, or why he planned his pea studies the way he did. Furthermore, the standard textbook “sketch” of genetics does not allow students to consider how discoveries could have been framed and inspired so differently in various parts of the world within a single historical time. In our review we provide an extended overview bridging this gap by showing how different streams of ideas lead to the eventual foundation of particulate inheritance as a scientific discipline. We close our narrative with investigations on the origins of animal and plant breeding in Central Europe prior to Mendel in Kőszeg and Brno, where vigorous debates touched on basic issues of heredity from the early eighteenth-century eventually reaching a pinnacle coining the basic questions: What is inherited and how is it passed on from one generation to another?

scholarly journals Breastfeeding during adolescence: life history of first-time mothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 414-424
Author(s):  
Thelma Spindola ◽  
Adriana Oliveira ◽  
Renata Cavalcanti ◽  
Vinícius Fonte
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
First Time Mothers ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time
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