Phorate-resistant mutant strains of chick pea (Cicer arietinumL.)Rhizobiumsp. growth and their compatibility in symbiotic nitrogen fixation

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
R. B. Sinha ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotides ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Active Iron ◽  
Mutant Strains

SUMMARYChick peaRhizobiumstrain RG3 was treated with 30 μg/ml of N-nitrosoguanidine and two mutants isolated were resistant to 2000 μg phorate/ml yet retained the capacity to form nodules. On the basis of number of nodules, their dry weight, N2ase activity, total pyridine nucleotides and active iron contents, mutant strains G11 and G26 were found to be equally effective with and without phorate and resulted in significantly greater grain yield.

Competitiveness and effectiveness of carbendazim-resistant mutant and indigenous Rhizobiumstrains of chick pea (Cicer arietinutnLinn.) in calcareous soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Active Iron ◽  
Mutant Strains

SummaryChick pea Rhizobiumstrain RG 4 was treated with 30 /tg/ml of N-nitrosoguanidine and four mutants isolated were resistant to 400 /tg carbendazim/ml. Only two of the mutants (M 1 and M 4) retained the capacity to form nodules. On the basis of number of nodules, their dry weight, nitrogenase activity, triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reductase activity and active iron content of nodules, mutant strains M 1 and M 4 were found to be equally effective for nitrogen fixation both with and without carbendazim (bavistine) and resulted in significantly greater grain yield than the corresponding uninoculated treatments.

Studies on nitrogen fixation by antibiotic-resistant mutants ofAzospirillum brasilenseand their interaction with cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Hydrogenase Activity ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Mutant Strains

SUMMARYAzospirillum brasilense was treated with nitrosoguanidine and five antibiotic-resistant mutant strains isolated. Variations in growth, N2-fixation, ultraviolet-dark survival and level of antibiotic resistance were found between the mutant strains. Mutant strains STR 112 and KR 2051 showed maximum nitrogenase activity, glutamine synthetase activity and hydrogenase activity (H2uptake) at 32 °C and 40 °C respectively. Inoculation of cheena genotypes withA. brasilenseand its mutants led to significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots and grain yield compared with the uninoculated control, with significant strains × genotypes interactions in calcareous soil. It was also noted that under laboratory conditionsAzospirilluminoculation may have produced its response by hormonal means and/or associative N2-fixation.

Efficacy of associative N2-fixation by streptomycin-resistant mutants ofAzospirillum brasilensewith genotypes of chick peaRhizobiumstrains

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Active Iron ◽  
Ultraviolet Sensitivity ◽  
Associative N2 Fixation ◽  
Resistant Mutants

SUMMARYAzospirillum brasilensewas treated with nitrosoguanidine and two mutants isolated which were resistant to 500 μg streptomycin/ml. Ultraviolet sensitivity, photoreactivation and effect of acriflavin on pre- and post-irradiation were studied. Chick pea showed an increase in grain yield, nodule dry weight, N2ase activity and active iron content of nodules when inoculated withA. brasilenseor its mutants together withRhizobium. The interaction betweenRhizobiumstrains and genotypes of chick pea was significant.

scholarly journals EFFETS DES SOUCHES DE RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI ET DES COUPES SUCCESSIVES DE LA LUZERNE (MEDICAGO SATIVA) SUR LA FIXATION SYMBIOTIQUE D’AZOTE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. BORDELEAU ◽  
H. ANTOUN ◽  
R. A. LACHANCE
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Yield

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 49 isolates of Rhizobium meliloti was studied under controlled environment with alfalfa cv. Saranac. It was shown that plant yield in dry weight can be used as an indirect measurement of nitrogen fixation, and as a criterion for selecting efficient strains of R. meliloti. Statistical study on yields of three cuttings has established that the second cutting gives the most necessary information to correctly evaluate the symbiotic efficiency of the isolates. Six very efficient strains were selected.

Response of strains of Rhizobium on nodulation, grain yield, protein and amino acids content of chick pea (Cicer arietinum Linn.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
S. N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Alkali Soil ◽  
Nodulation Capacity

SummaryNine strains of Rhizobium sp. were studied in vivo for their nodulation capacity, leghaemoglobin content, grain yield, crude protein and 16 amino acids content, in the chick pea variety C 235 grown on a calcareous saline alkali soil. There was no significant correlation between grain yield and number of nodules (r = 0·37) or dry weight of nodules (r = 0·29), but grain yield was significantly correlated with leghaemoglobin content of nodules (r = 0·95). Of the 16 amino acids analysed in seed samples, aspartic, glutamic, proline and histidine were greatest with strain H 45; glycine, leucine and arginine with strain F 6; norleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine with strain KG 38; and alanine and valine were greatest with strain KG 41. Strain KG 38 led to significantly higher grain yield than the other strains.

A comparison of the effect of straw incorporation and CO2 enrichment on the growth, nitrogen fixation and yield of soya beans

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shivashankar ◽  
K. Vlassak ◽  
J. Livens
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Fixation Capacity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Straw Incorporation

SUMMARYIn a glasshouse pot culture experiment, the effect of adding straw at 3 and 6 t/ha with and without CO2 enrichment treatments at 1000 mg/1 from flowering to the pod-filling stage in open top chambers was evaluated on the growth and yield of soya beans in relation to nitrogen fixation. N2-ase activity of the soya-bean root nodules as determined by the acetylene reduction technique indicated that (1) straw on average gave significantly 34 and 43% higher N2-ase activity at 3 and 6 t/ha respectively than the controls; (2) CO2 treatments on average increased the activity by 34% compared with the no CO2 treatments; and (3) the mean N2-ase activity nearly doubled from 9·7 μg/h/plant in the control to 18·7 and 19·7 μg/h/plant with straw incorporation in conjunction with CO2 enrichment. High correlations were observed between weight of nodules and dry weight of leaves, between dry weight of nodules and grain yield and between dry weight of leaves and grain yield. Incorporation of straw was found to be beneficial in increasing CO2 content of soil air and in improving the growth and development of the plants. This study lends support to a hypothesis that straw can be considered to provide a partial substitute for the expensive CO2 enrichment treatment for improving N2(C2H2) fixation capacity and thereby the general growth and yield of crops.

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation efficiency of mutant strains of lentil (Lens esculenta)Rhizobiumgrowing from pH 4·5 to 7·5

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rai ◽  
V. Prasad ◽  
T. N. Prasad ◽  
S. B. Kumar ◽  
B. S. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Lens Esculenta ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Ph Range

SUMMARYA strain ofRhizobiumisolated from the root nodule of lentil was caused to produce mutants and screened on a medium of pH 4·5. Five mutant colonies ofRhizobiumwere isolated from lentil which differed in growth over a pH range 4·5–7·5. Strains differed in their growth in acidic and calcareous soils and also in their effectiveness of N fixation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TRIFLURALIN AND METRIBUZIN ON FABA BEAN GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT, AND SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BERTHOLET ◽  
K. W. CLARK
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Root Inhibition

Field studies were conducted to determine if trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluro-2,6,-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine] and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-a5-triazin-5(4H)one] affect the growth and nitrogen self sufficiency of faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Metribuzin applied at 0.42 kg/ha as a pre-plant incorporated treatment resulted in substantial crop injury in 1981. Compared to the inoculated control, overall reductions averaged over the entire growing season, in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield due to metribuzin were 59, 85, 92, and 65%, respectively. In 1982 metribuzin at 0.4 kg/ha was not as phytotoxic. Averaged over the season, the reductions recorded in plant dry weight, nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and yield were 25, 33, 49, and 9%, respectively. The differences in phytotoxicity in the 2 yr at the two sites were attributed to differences in soil organic matter, and both the degree and timing of rainfall. During both years trifluralin did not cause any significant reductions in the parameters investigated. Reductions in nodulation and nitrogen fixation as a result of metribuzin application were evident only when the crop was injured and the plants were under stress from herbicide application. Trifluralin at 1.1 kg/ha reduced the phytotoxicity caused by metribuzin when the two chemicals were tank mixed. In 1981 there was a 23% yield improvement with the tank mix compared to metribuzin applied alone. In 1982, non-significant decreases in phytotoxicity with the tank mix were evident for the parameters studied. This reduced phytotoxicity may be explained on the basis of lateral root inhibition attributable to the trifluralin in the tank mix as was evident in the growth room study. The tank mix of trifluralin and metribuzin at 1.1 and 0.4 kg/ha, respectively, caused a 56% reduction in total root length compared to the inoculated control one week after emergence. Conversely, the total root length of the plants receiving only the 0.4 kg/ha rate of metribuzin did not differ significantly from the control. This may allow for greater herbicide uptake in the plants treated with only metribuzin leading to a greater level of injury.Key words: Faba bean, growth, symbiotic nitrogen fixation, trifluralin, metribuzin

Effects of indole-3-acetic acid on Sinorhizobium meliloti survival and on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and stem dry weight production

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Imperlini ◽  
Carmelina Bianco ◽  
Enza Lonardo ◽  
Serena Camerini ◽  
Michele Cermola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Produced by Paraquat Reduces Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean-Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Symbiosis by Decreasing Nodule Functionality

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Germán Tortosa ◽  
Sergio Parejo ◽  
Juan J. Cabrera ◽  
Eulogio J. Bedmar ◽  
Socorro Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soil Metal ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Soybean (Glycine max.) is one of the most important legumes cultivated worldwide. Its productivity can be altered by some biotic and abiotic stresses like global warming, soil metal pollution or over-application of herbicides like paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dichloride). In this study, the effect of oxidative stress produced by paraquat addition (0, 20, 50 and 100 µM) during plant growth on symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) and functionality of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens-elicited soybean nodules were evaluated. Results showed that the 50 µM was the threshold that B. diazoefficiens can tolerate under free-living conditions. In symbiosis with soybean, the paraquat addition statistically reduced the shoot and root dry weight of soybean plants, and number and development of the nodules. SNF was negatively affected by paraquat, which reduced total nitrogen content and fixed nitrogen close to 50% when 100 µM was added. These effects were due to the impairment of nodule functionality and the increased oxidative status of the nodules, as revealed by the lower leghaemoglobin content and the higher lipid peroxidation in soybean nodules from paraquat-treated plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document