Morphological and biochemical traits in chickpea resistance against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Investigation undertaken with eight chickpea genotypes (Vallabh Kallar Channa 1, Ankur (CSJ 140), JGK-2, Ganguar (GNG 1581), Jawahar Gram-1 (JGK 1), WCG-10 (Pant G-10), Avrodhi and ICC 506-EB as resistant check) for their morphological and biochemical traits of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera, indicated trichome number, length and density, and nitrogen, total chlorophyll and potassium content as influencing the resistance/ susceptibility levels in chick pea.

Evaluation of the Nutritional Quality and Health Benefits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by using New Technology in Agriculture (Near Infra-red spectroscopy-2500)

Background: Among the pulse crop world chick pea known as important pulse crop which is grown and utilized in the world. This crop nutritionally rich in the carbohydrates, protein which has superior quality protein than the other pulse crop. This pea consists of lots of essential amino acids except the sulphur containing amino acids. So that it is a good combination of diet with the cereals. In the plants mostly carbohydrates stored in the starch form but also followed by oligosaccharides and reducing and non-reducing sugars. In this crop lots of nutritionally rich substances but it has low amount of fats and large amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is very beneficial to the heart patient. The minerals which are present in chick pea are Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and especially potassium. The vitamins which are present in this pulse such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, folate and the vitamin A precursor, â-carotene. The pulses also have anti-nutritional factors which can be minimized by the using of lots of cooking methods.Methods: Through NIRS-2500 evaluated twenty samples of chick pea. It is an instrument through which Near Infrared (NIR) analysis a spectroscopic technique that makes use of the naturally occurring electromagnetic spectrum. This works in the region of the spectrum defined by wavelengths between 700nm and 2500nm. All the cultivars were found to cluster in major four groups on the basis of principal component analysis. The result showed the diversity between nutritional and antinutritional factors in the cultivars that could be further used by plant breeders to develop superior genotypes. The chick pea has lots of advantages which cure the several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, digestive diseases and some cancers. Result: Here we study twenty samples of chick pea in which the biochemical composition of this crop consists of protein was varied from 22.12% to 24.42%, sulphur containg amino acids ranged from 0.15 to 1.25% and Tryptophan was ranged from 0.63 to 1.38% which was analyzed by NIRS-2500.

EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON THE GROWTH TRAITS OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) SEEDLINGS

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) both are important legume crops grown throughout the world for protein and they also contain essential vitamins and fibers. Chick pea and pea are very sensitive to abiotic stress that includes heat, drought, cold and salt stress conditions. To access the effects of salt stress on the chick pea and pea an experiment was performed in the Green House of Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore. The seeds of both genotypes were grown in 18 pots with 2 kg pure sand and applied different concentrations of NaCl stress after 7 days of germination. The application of salt treatments was repeated 4 times each after 7days interval and data of different morphological traits was recorded each time. The treatments were included control, 0.25Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl concentrations. The data was recorded and pooled analysis of variance was carried out for significance of results. The average root length was recorded as 5.7522±0.0211cm and shoot length (11.139±0.0011cm) while average fresh plant weight was recorded as 0.5811±0.0002g under different salt stress conditions. The finding of our result proved that both varieties chickpea and pea showed variable behavior under salt stress conditions while the pea genotype showed more tolerant against different salt treatments which indicated pea genotypes may be used for future breeding to improve yield and growth of pea crop. The results showed that there was significant and positive correlation among root length, shoot length and leaf length of chickpea and pea seedlings which concluded that root length and shoot length may be used as selection criteria to induced stress tolerance in crop plants.