The effect of maleic hydrazide and chlorocholine chloride on the growth, seed yield components and seed yield of S.23 ryegrass

SummaryThe effects of maleic hydrazide (MH) and chlorocholine chloride (CCC) on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. MH significantly decreased straw length and lodging, but also decreased all yield components, seed yield and germination percentage. All growth stages and harvest date were delayed and the seed production mechanism impaired. CCC had little effect on length of fertile tillers or lodging but seed yield was increased in 1972 and 1973 when the chemical was applied at spikelet initiation. In 1972 an increase in 1000-grain weight and in 1973 small but insignificant increases in numbers of fertile tillers and seeds per spikelet were responsible. This chemical had no visible effects on the growth and development of the crop or on germination percentage of the seed.

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Genetic variation for seed yield components of Westerwold ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum).

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v37i2.16643 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Elgersma ◽

A.P.M. Den Nijs ◽

F.A. Van Eeuwijk

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Yield Component ◽

Path Analyses ◽

Seed Yield Components ◽

High Heritability ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Genetic variation for seed yield components was studied in 4 diploid varieties of Westerwold ryegrass, and 19 genotypes from each variety were grown in the field in 2 clonal replicate rows (minirows). The number of inflorescences/minirow, the numbers of spikelets/inflorescence and florets and seeds/spikelet, 1000-grain weight and seed yield/minirow were determined. Floret site utilization (FSU) was calculated as (seeds/floret) x 100%. Genotypic variation and heritabilities were calculated. Correlation studies and path analyses were carried out in each variety separately. Among varieties, no significant differences occurred for seed yield. However, within varieties large genetic variation was present for both seed yield and yield components. Path analyses revealed that relationships between seed yield components differed to a great extent among varieties. FSU was the major yield component in 3 varieties, but in one variety inflorescence number was the most important yield component. There was ample scope for genetic improvement of seed yield. FSU had a very high heritability and was not correlated with any of the other seed yield components. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Lodging studies in Lolium perenne grown for seed: 1. Seed yield and seed yield components

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600055337 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. D. Hebblethwaite ◽

A. Burbidge ◽

D. Wright

Keyword(s):

Seed Development ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Yield Components ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Unit Area ◽

Seed Yield Components ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Number Of Seeds

SummaryThe effects of lodging on the seed yield of S. 23 and S. 24 perennial ryegrass were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1973 to 1976. Natural lodging severely reduced seed yield in all years as a result of a decrease in the number of seeds per unit area. Controlled lodging at different stages of crop growth produced more variable results, indicating that lodging may affect both pollination and seed development. Disturbance of the crop during anthesis in order to aid pollination did not improve seed yields, possibly as a result of damage incurred.

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Irrigation and Nitrogen Studies in s. 23 Ryegrass Grown for Seed: 1. Growth, Development, Seed Yield Components and Seed Yield

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960003728x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 605-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

P. D. Hebblethwaite

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Unit Area ◽

Yield Response ◽

Seed Yield Components ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Number Of Seeds

SUMMARYThe effects of irrigation and nitrogen on S. 23 perennial ryegrass grown for seed were investigated in a series of field experiments from 1972 to 1974. Irrigation significantly increased seed yield by 16% in 1972 and 52% in 1974 but had no effect in the wet year of 1973. In 1972 maximum deficit reached 110 mm at the end of July and coincided with anthesis. Consequently the yield response was due to an increase in number of seeds per unit area and no other seed yield component was affected. In 1974 peak deficit also reached about 100 mm but started to build up rapidly very early in the season and had reached 80 mm by the time that the first ears emerged. Consequently the yield response was due to increases in number of fertile tillers, number of seeds per unit area and 1000-seed weight.Irrigation had no significant effect on number of florets or seeds, except in 1974 when percentage of florets which produced seed was increased by 2%.Irrigation had some effect on threshed straw yields, total dry matter, harvest index and total number of tillers but where this occurred the response was much smaller than that of seed yield which indicates that irrigation had greater effects on the reproductive development of the crop than on yield of dry matter and tillering patterns. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 0 to 80 kg/ha increased seed yields, all seed yield components except 1000-seed weight, threshed straw yields and total dry matter and number of tillers at most sampling dates. Increasing the quantity of nitrogen from 80 to 160 kg/ha had little further effect on the above components except in 1972 where seed yields were significantly decreased.In 1972 number of florets was increased and percentage of florets which produced seed decreased with increasing quantities of nitrogen.

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Registration of HU2, LU2, HP2, LP2, HL2, LL2, HW2, and LW2: Eight Birdsfoot Trefoil Germplasms Bidirectionally Selected for Seed Yield Components

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400020058x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 543-543

Author(s):

R. L. McGraw ◽

P. R. Beuselinck

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽

Seed Yield Components

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Is the flag leaf important in perennial ryegrass seed production?

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.14.2008.3182 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

J.A.K. Trethewey ◽

M.P. Rolston

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Seed Yield Components ◽

Seed Fill ◽

Thousand Seed Weight

In cereals, the importance of the flag leaf for contributing carbohydrate during seed fill is well documented. However, in ryegrass this relationship is not so clear. This paper reports on an investigation of the effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity to the flag leaf, stem and head of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The hypothesis was that reduced photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf does not affect seed yield components in perennial ryegrass. Following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shading the flag leaf, stem, or head of individual tillers. Seed yield components were measured at harvest. Reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the flag leaf and stem did not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereas reducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be more important than the flag leaf during seed fill, but when the seed head is shaded substantial re-mobilisation of stored carbohydrates can occur. Keywords: flag leaf, green leaf area, Lolium perenne, photosynthetically active radiation, seed fill, seed yield, thousand seed weight, water-soluble carbohydrates

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Heritabilities and phenotypic correlations for seed yield and seed yield components of beans

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v72i2.7851 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 301-308

Author(s):

Manuel Mateo Solano ◽

James S. Beaver ◽

Freddy Saladín García

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Seed Yield Components ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Advanced Generation ◽

Weight Number ◽

100 Seed Weight

Indeterminate bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) lines derived from crosses between small-seeded indeterminate and large-seeded determinate genotypes were used to estimate the heritabilities and phenotypic correlations for seed yield and seed yield components. The F2 generation of six bean populations was planted at the Fortuna Substation, Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico, in October 1984. Seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight, number of pods per plant, and number of seed per pod were measured for 50 plants selected at random from each population. A total of 50 F3 plant rows of each population were planted in February 1985 at the Fortuna Substation, and in March 1985 on a small farm in the Constanza valley of the Dominican Republic. Narrow sense heritabilities were estimated by using parent-offspring regressions of the F2 and F3 generation, and phenotypic correlations were estimated by using means of the F3 lines. Mean seed yields per plant of the indeterminate F3 lines were significantly less than the indeterminate parents, whereas the 100-seed weights of the indeterminate F3 were significantly less than the determinate parents. Narrow sense heritabilities for seed yield and seed yield components were intemediate to low. These results indicate that selection for greater seed yield would be more effective by evaluating advanced lines in replicated trials. Spearman rank correlations between locations for seed yield and seed yield components varied among populations. Multilocation testing of advanced generation lines may be the most effective way to identify bean genotypes that perform well in contrasting environments.

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