scholarly journals Potential soil moisture deficit: A useful approach to save water with enhanced growth and productivity of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Atif Rasool ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Madad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.

The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Scanlan ◽  
Ross F. Brennan ◽  
Mario F. D'Antuono ◽  
Gavin A. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Impact

Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime×P interaction (P<0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0kgPha–1 and the curves converged at 32kgPha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime×P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.

scholarly journals Threshold Responses to Soil Moisture Deficit by Trees and Soil in Tropical Rain Forests: Insights from Field Experiments

BioScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 882-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Meir ◽  
Tana E. Wood ◽  
David R. Galbraith ◽  
Paulo M. Brando ◽  
Antonio C. L. Da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit

scholarly journals DOES CONCOCTION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZATION HAVE POTENTIAL TO ENHANCE WHEAT YIELD?

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-319
Author(s):  
A. JAMAL ◽  
D. MUHAMMAD ◽  
M. FAWAD
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

Soil fertility and maximum crop production can only be achieved through proper fertilization. Proper and balanced fertilization have a considerably positive effect on plant growth and yield. Due to continuous use of chemical fertilizers, the organic matter and nutrient content of the soil decreased gradually. Therefore, in modern era, agriculture scientists are now engaged to establish an agricultural system, which can not only lower the production cost, but also conserve the natural resources. Soil, as a source of nutrients, must be protected from various kinds of external factors, especially from the addition of fertilizers in excessive rates. Any degradation in the quality of soil can significantly produce many undesirable changes in the environment and also reduces the overall crop yield. So, the concoction of organic and inorganic fertilization is an alternative and most effective method for sustainable and cost-effective management for maximum crop production, without effecting the environment. The Integrated Nutrient Management provides an excellent opportunity not only for sustainability of the soil, but also enhances the overall crop productivity. The present review study was carried out with the main aim to evaluate the role of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on wheat crop production. The outcome of the study concluded that combined application of both organic and inorganic fertilizers significantly improve the wheat crop production, as compared with the sole application of either organic or inorganic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Accentuating the Role of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Maria Mussarat ◽  
Muhammad Shair ◽  
Dost Muhammad ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Shadman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major yield limiting factor across the globe and their proper management plays a vital role in optimizing crop yield. This field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of soil and plant nitrogen N and P ratio on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in alkaline calcareous soil. The study consisted of various levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg ha−1 as urea) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 as diammonium phosphate), and was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement having three replications. The result showed that the addition of 160 kg N ha−1 significantly improved biological yield (10,052 kg ha−1), grain weight (3120 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value (35.38), N uptake in straw (33.42 kg ha−1), and K uptake in straw (192 kg ha−1) compared to other N levels. In case of P, 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 had resulted maximum biological yield (9852 kg ha−1), grain yield (3663 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage (SPAD value 34.36), P (6.68 mg kg−1) and K (171 kg ha−1) uptake in straw. The sole use of N and P have positively influenced the biological and grain yield but their interaction didn’t response to biological yield. The present study reveals that SPAD value (chlorophyll meter) is the better choice for determining plant N and P concentrations to estimate the yield potential.

scholarly journals Effects of spacings and butachlor levels on weed control, growth and yield of NERICA 1 rice (Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
Hassan Kasim ◽  
Ibrahim Musa ◽  
Mustapha Muhamman
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Main Plot

Poor agronomic practices coupled with herbicide mismanagement influence crop performance, yield, weed infestation and environmental hazards. Thus, field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of spacing and reduced levels of butachlor on weed control and yield of NERICA 1 rice (Oryza sativa L. x Oryza glaberrima L). The experiments were conducted in the 2011 rainy season at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, and Lake Gerio, Yola in the 2012 dry season. Yola is located between latitude 9o14? N and longitude 12o28? E in the Northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. Treatments consisted of four spacings (20 cm x 20 cm, etc.) and four butachlor levels (3, 2, 1, and 0 kg ha-1 a.i.). The experiments were laid out in a split-plot design with spacings assigned to the main plot and butachlor levels assigned to the sub-plot and were replicated three times. Data were taken on percentage establishment, number of leaves per plant, general weed cover, panicle length and grain yield per hectare. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance. Means showing a significant F-test were separated using LSD. Results obtained showed that butachlor at 1 kg ha-1 and 14 cm x 14 cm spacing gave the highest grain yield of 1441 kg ha-1 and maximum weed control. They are, therefore, recommended for adoption by farmers in Yola and similar environments.

Spatiotemporal Evaluation of Remote Sensing Derived Soil Moisture Deficit for the Sugarcane Crop: A Case Study for the Indo-Gangetic Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anudeep Sure ◽  
Onkar Dikshit
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water Requirement ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Moisture Deficit

&lt;p&gt;This study focuses on the estimation of soil moisture deficit from root zone soil moisture information derived from remotely sensed passive microwave surface soil moisture data for a period of fifteen years (2002 to 2016) for the Indo-Gangetic basin. The remote sensing datasets used to estimate soil moisture deficit are Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - 2 (AMSR-2) by JAXA and NASA. As India is an agrarian country, it is one of the largest producers of sugarcane at the global level and hence, this is the test crop considered for this work. The Indo-Gangetic basin has numerous culturable command areas with dynamic meteorological patterns, soil type, land use and land cover, agricultural practices, water and crop management with different sources of irrigation. Rain-fed irrigation is the primary source of water for crop production in this basin. Sugarcane crop is characterised by specific root depth, crop water requirement, crop length and crop phenology. In India, meteorological parameters primarily, precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration and the meteorological seasons define the agricultural season (irrigation to harvesting). Here, an interrelationship between soil moisture deficit (at varying depth) and meteorological parameters, precipitation based meteorological indices (Rainfall Anomaly Index, Standardized Precipitation Index and Effective Drought Index), ground-based crop indices (crop yield index, crop area index and crop production index) is analysed at the annual and seasonal scale. The study indicates the paramount effect of the aforementioned factors on soil moisture deficit variable. The temporal variation of soil moisture deficit being served as a proxy for crop water requirement and the model developed from the same provides vital information for an efficient irrigation scheduling, sustainable water resource management for increased crop production and developing crop insurance schemes and policies at the basin level.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Seed Pre-Soaking with Melatonin Improves Wheat Yield by Delaying Leaf Senescence and Promoting Root Development

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ye ◽  
Wenjia Yang ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Lina Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

The effects of exogenous application of melatonin (MEL) on promoting plant growth and alleviating environmental stresses are already known, but the potential value in crop production is still poorly understood. In this study, the effects of seed pre-soaking with MEL on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield were investigated in a continuous two-year pot experiment and another year of field experimentation. Results showed that seed pre-soaking with different concentrations of MEL (10, 100 and 500 μM) for 24 h increased grain yields per plant from 29% to 80% in pot experiment and increased grain yield per area from 4–19% in field experiment, compared with the controls. Further analysis showed that the beneficial effects of MEL on improving wheat grain yield can be ascribed to: (1) increased spike number by enhancing tiller number; (2) enhanced carbon assimilation capacity by maintaining large leaf area, high photosynthetic rate and delaying leaf senescence; (3) promoted growth in root system. The result of this study suggests that MEL could be considered as an effective plant growth regulator for improving grain production in winter wheat.

scholarly journals Integrated Usage of Farm Yard Manure and Urea Improves Wheat Yield and Soil Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Syed Adnan Mazhar ◽  
Soahil Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
The Impact

Optimum usage of fertilizers is an important factor that defines the fate of crop yield by confirming the accessibility of nutrients in soil. Imbalance use of fertilizer not only reduces the crop productivity but also adversely affects the soil properties. A one-year experiment was carried out to explore the impact of different levels of farm yard manure and urea on soil properties, growth and yield of wheat crop. Treatments were application of nitrogen at i) 125 kg ha-1 from urea, ii) 80 kg ha-1 of nitrogen from urea + 10 tons of farm yard manure ha-1 and iii) 20 tons of farm yard manure ha-1. Wheat cultivar Sehar-2006 was used in the experiment. All the treatments’ combination affected crop growth, economic yield and soil properties. However, maximum positive impact of combined use of farm yard manure and urea was observed. Results indicated that productive tillers per unit area (16%), plant height, number of spikelets per spike (12.5%) and economical yield (11%) were greatly enhanced by combined usage of urea and farm yard manure as compared to sole application of urea. Combined application of urea and farm yard manure also positively affected the soil bulk density, particle density, percent porosity and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity as compared to either sole use of urea or farm yard manure. Combined usage of farm yard manure and urea are suggested better to produce higher economical yield along with improved soil properties.

scholarly journals The Impact of Exogenous Organic Matter on Wheat Growth and Mineral Nitrogen Availability in Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Grzegorz Siebielec ◽  
Sylwia Siebielec ◽  
Monika Pecio
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
The Impact

Application of exogenous organic matter (EOM) to soil enriches it with micro- and macro-elements necessary for the proper growth and yield of crops. One of these elements is nitrogen, which is a major nutrient affecting crop production worldwide. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the impact of various EOM treatments (with and without mineral fertilization) on wheat yield characteristics and the dynamics of mineral nitrogen release. This study was conducted as a pot experiment using three soils characterized by different physicochemical properties, which were collected from the Polish–Czech Republic transboundary area. A spring wheat (the Tybalt cultivar) was selected as the model test plant. The EOMs tested in the experiment included three soil amendments (animal meal, industrial compost, and digestate) characterized by different potential impacts on plant growth and development. The efficiency of the selected amendments was analyzed in two doses, set at 50% and 100% mineral nitrogen ratios (equivalent to 70 and 140 kg ha−1, respectively). The content of mineral nitrogen (N-NH4+ and N-NO3−) in soils before sowing and after harvesting, and the quality and biomass of the wheat yield were determined. The application of an entire N rate in the form of EOM did not cause any decrease in the wheat yields or a clear diversification of the wheat biomass. However, the appropriate selection of rates and fertilizer combinations resulted in an increased amount of available nitrogen being introduced into the soil (a 9–31% and 17–38% increase of N-NH4+ in soils before sowing and after harvesting, respectively, and a 4–63% and 10–34% increase of N-NO3− in soils before sowing and after harvesting, respectively), which resulted in an increase in grain weight, reflecting yield and grain quality (from 2% to 12% higher grain weight compared to the control). The applied EOMs were characterized by readily transforming forms of organic nitrogen into N-NH4+ and further increasing the speed of its conversion into N-NO3−, indicating the capacity of these treatments to act as substitutes for synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.

scholarly journals Wheat Yield Loss in a Two Species Competition with Emex australis and Emex spinosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. JAVAID ◽  
A. TANVEER ◽  
H.H. ALI ◽  
M.A. SHAHID ◽  
R.M. BALAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Emex Australis

Emex australis and E. spinosa are significant weed species in wheat and other crops. Information on the extent of competition of the Emex species will be helpful to access yield losses in wheat. Field experiments were conducted to quantify the interference of tested weed densities each as single or mixture of both at 1:1 on their growth and yield, wheat yield components and wheat grain yield losses in two consecutive years. Dry weight of both weed species increased from 3-6 g m-2 with every additional plant of weed, whereas seed number and weight per plant decreased with increasing density of either weed. Both weed species caused considerable decrease in yield components like spike bearing tillers, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight of wheat with increasing density population of the weeds. Based on non-linear hyperbolic regression model equation, maximum yield loss at asymptotic weed density was estimated to be 44 and 62% with E. australis, 56 and 70% with E. spinosa and 63 and 72% with mixture of both species at 1:1 during both year of study, respectively. It was concluded that E. spinosa has more competition effects on wheat crop as compared to E. australis.

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