The third birth in Great Britain

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright ◽  
John F. Ermisch ◽  
P. R. Andrew Hinde ◽  
Heather E. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Subsequent Fertility ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Time Varying Covariates ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between female labour force participation, and other socioeconomic factors, and the probability of having a third birth is examined, using British data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, by hazard regression modelling with time-varying covariates. The results demonstrate the strong association between demographic factors, e.g. age at first birth and birth interval and subsequent fertility behaviour. Education appears to have little effect. Surprisingly, women who have spent a higher proportion of time as housewives have a lower risk of having a third birth. This finding is in sharp disagreement with the conventional expectation that cumulative labour force participation supports lower fertility. These findings are briefly compared with similar research carried out in Sweden.

Does Vocational Training Promote Female Labour Force Participation? An Analysis for India

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-173
Author(s):  
Indrajit Bairagya ◽  
Tulika Bhattacharya ◽  
Pragati Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the article is to assess the impact of formal and informal vocational training on female labour force participation in India, based on the Periodic Labour Force Survey data for 2017–2018, employing a trivariate probit model. Results show that participation both in formal and informal vocational training has a positive and statistically significant impact on female labour force participation across all specifications of the regression models, thus showing the robustness of the relationship. Most importantly, the provision of vocational training helps break the traditional U-shaped relationship between female labour force participation and educational levels. However, the fact that the percentage of formal vocational training holders is much lower than that of informal vocational training holders and that it varies among males and females, points to the need for special policy attention on the promotion of female participation in formal vocational training on a large scale. JEL Codes: J21, J24, J71

scholarly journals Does Divorce Risk in Sweden depend on Spouses' Relative Income? A Study of Marriages from 1981 to 1998

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiping Liu ◽  
Andres Vikat
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Divorce Risk

The relationship between increasing women’s earnings and rising divorce rates frequently has been explained by the so-called independence effect: If a wife enjoys a higher earning than her husband does, she gains less from marriage. It has also been argued that in a society with egalitarian gender attitudes this effect is less important. In this paper, we test if the independence effect applies to Sweden, a country in which egalitarian gender views dominate and female labour-force participation and divorce rates are high. Our analysis is based on a large register data set and intensity regression models. We found support for the ‘independence effect’: The relationship between the share of a wife’s income and the divorce risk is positive regardless of the couple’s total income and the wife’s education level.

scholarly journals Societal Change and the Economics of Fertility and Female Labour Force Participation

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Poot ◽  
Jacques J. Siegers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Female Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This paper reports the results of a New Zealand study of one aspect of household economics: the relationship between fertility behaviour and labour supply. Empirical research has shown that the presence of young children affects labour supply of the mother. New Zealand examples are Hyman (1979) and Harris and Raney (1991). However, Hockey and Khawaja (1984) found that a woman's labour force participation negatively affects fertility. In this paper we argue that fertility and labour force participation decisions are determined jointly rather than that there is a one-way causal relationship. We test this hypothesis by means of a simple regression model of fertility and female labour force participation using grouped data from 22 Local Government Regions (LGRs), pooled for the years 1976, 1981 and 1986. The next section discusses some of the theoretical issues. This is followed by a description of the data and a discussion of regression equations. After summing up the results, the last section provides some suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Fertility, Development and Gender Equality: A Comparison of Western and MENA Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer Buyukkececi ◽  
Henriette Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Short Period ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The changing macro-level relationship between fertility and development (i.e., the standard of living, health and education) from negative to positive for the most advanced economies has received considerable attention recently. Using aggregate data, we compare the relationship between fertility and development in Western countries with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where fertility rates are higher than in other regions with identical levels of development. To understand the drivers of this association, we further link fertility to the components of development as well as female labour force participation separately. Our findings show that fertility and development were positively associated for only a short period in Western countries and that the relationship turned negative again in recent years. Recent data also show that there is no significant relationship between fertility and development in MENA countries. These findings indicate that the well-acknowledged theories of fertility and development do not apply in every context.

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