Objective: This study re-examined the relationship between premarital sex and divorce risk, with a focus on selection mechanisms, number of premarital partners, and gender differences.Background: Premarital sex predicts divorce, but we do not know why. Scholars have attributed the relationship to selection factors such as differences in beliefs and values, but these explanations have not been tested. It is further unclear how this relationship changes by number of sexual partners, or differs by gender.Method: Event-history models of divorce risk were estimated using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Models included measures of adolescent beliefs and values, parental communication with children about sex, and approximate number of premarital sexual partners. All models were re-estimated with an interaction term between premarital sex and gender.Results: The relationship between premarital sex and divorce is highly significant and robust. Compared to people with no premarital partners other than eventual spouses, those with six or more partners exhibit the highest divorce risk, followed by those with one to two partners. There is no evidence of gender differences.Conclusion: Previously-theorized selection mechanisms thought to explain the relationship between premarital sex and divorce are not supported. Future research should explore either alternative selective or causal explanations for this link.