Birth spacing and infant and early childhood mortality in a high fertility area of Bangladesh: age-dependent and interactive effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Older Siblings ◽  
Older Sibling

SummaryTo examine the effects of birth spacing on early childhood mortality, 3729 singleton births in 1983–84 were followed for 3 years in rural Bangladesh. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether the survival of older siblings modifies the effect of preceding birth intervals and to see if the effects of preceding and succeeding birth intervals are inter-related, controlling for the effects of sex of the child, mother's age and household economic status. With the exception of the neonatal period, birth spacing effects were highly significant. A preceding birth interval of <15 months was associated with a greater mortality risk in the post-neonatal period for children with an older sibling who survived infancy. However, a short preceding birth interval did not adversely affect post-neonatal mortality if the older sibling died in infancy. Neonatal and post-neonatal deaths were higher if older siblings had died in respective age intervals. A pregnancy interval of <12 months after childbirth raised the risk of death at ages 1–2 years considerably if the child was born after a short birth interval (<15 months). The results suggest that the high mortality risks of closely spaced children are due to sibling competition for parental resources.

scholarly journals BIRTH SPACING AND CHILD MORTALITY: AN ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE DATA FROM THE NAIROBI URBAN HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN CHRISTOPHE FOTSO ◽  
JOHN CLELAND ◽  
BLESSING MBERU ◽  
MICHAEL MUTUA ◽  
PATRICIA ELUNGATA
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Preceding Interval ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe majority of studies of the birth spacing–child survival relationship rely on retrospective data, which are vulnerable to errors that might bias results. The relationship is re-assessed using prospective data on 13,502 children born in two Nairobi slums between 2003 and 2009. Nearly 48% were first births. Among the remainder, short preceding intervals are common: 20% of second and higher order births were delivered within 24 months of an elder sibling, including 9% with a very short preceding interval of less than 18 months. After adjustment for potential confounders, the length of the preceding birth interval is a major determinant of infant and early childhood mortality. In infancy, a preceding birth interval of less than 18 months is associated with a two-fold increase in mortality risks (compared with lengthened intervals of 36 months or longer), while an interval of 18–23 months is associated with an increase of 18%. During the early childhood period, children born within 18 months of an elder sibling are more than twice as likely to die as those born after an interval of 36 months or more. Only 592 children experienced the birth of a younger sibling within 20 months; their second-year mortality was about twice as high as that of other children. These results support the findings based on retrospective data.

scholarly journals To What Extent Does Breastfeeding Explain Birth-Interval Effects on Early Childhood Mortality?

Demography ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Retherford ◽  
Minja Kim Choe ◽  
Shyam Thapa ◽  
Bhakta B. Gubhaju
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Childhood Mortality

scholarly journals 735Dynamics and Determinants of Birth Spacing in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sahu ◽  
C.M. Pandey ◽  
Shambhavi Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Previous Child

Abstract Background Birth spacing is an important determinant of the high fertility populations and has a strong bearing on maternal and infant health. The birth interval is composed of three major components namely postpartum amenorrhoea (PPA), waiting time to conception and gestation. To manage the high fertility in India, the present study is aimed to investigate the differential pattern of duration of birth interval components with respect to various socio demographic, child mortality, family planning services etc. Methods The data for this analysis was taken from National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4), provides information on population, health and nutrition for India and each State / Union territory. It gathered information from 601,509 households from overall India. Results Cox’ regression explores infant mortality, lactation, use of contraceptive devices, son preference and religion are found significant (P &lt; 0.01) factors on the dynamics of birth interval components After adjustment of the effects of other explanatory variables, duration of breast feeding (P &lt; 0.01), infant mortality (P &lt; 0.01) and family income (P &lt; 0.05) are found to have their significant impacts on the variation of PPA whereas death of previous child in infancy (P &lt; 0.01), sex of previous child (P &lt; 0.05), lactation (P &lt; 0.01), education of mother (P &lt; 0.05), and use of effective contraceptives have are found to be significant factors influencing the duration of waiting time to conception. Conclusions Among the determinants, infant mortality, lactation and religion have significant impacts on both duration variables in the Cox’s stepwise regression models. Key messages To control the growth of population, birth spacing must be maintained.

scholarly journals Determinants of Birth Spacing and Effect of Birth Spacing on Fertility in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahbab Mohammad Fazle Rabbi ◽  
Shamal Chandra Karmaker ◽  
Shahadat Ali Mallick ◽  
Sayema Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Interval ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Current Fertility

For the last few decades, demographers have directed considerable attention towards the study of human fertility through the analysis of birth interval data. This study examines the covariates of birth intervals and the effect of increased birth intervals on current fertility level in Bangladesh. Using the data of BDHS 2007, Cox Proportional Hazards model is used to determine the covariates of birth intervals. Mother’s age at first birth, previous birth interval, mother’s education and working status, mass media exposure appeared as the significant determinants of birth intervals. To estimate the tempo effect of birth interval on current fertility of Bangladesh, Bongaarts and Feeney method (1998) has been used. The tempo adjusted TFR was found to be 3.85, while the conventional TFR was 2.73 for the year 2005-06. This demonstrates that an increased effort to widen the spacing of births can effectively reduce the level of fertility in the future. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(1): 105-110, 2013 (January) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i1.15105

"To What Extent Does Breastfeeding Explain Birth-Interval Effects on Early Childhood Mortality?"

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Robert D. Retherford ◽  
Minja Kim Choe ◽  
Shyam Thapa ◽  
Bhakta B. Gubhaju
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Childhood Mortality

Birth intervals and early childhood mortality in a migrating Mennonite community

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis St. George ◽  
Phillip M. Everson ◽  
Joan C. Stevenson ◽  
Lucky Tedrow
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Birth Intervals

ASSESSING AND INTERPRETING BIRTH SPACING GOALS IN COSTA RICA

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. ROSERO-BIXBY
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Closed Intervals ◽  
Desired Family Size

A procedure for assessing birth spacing goals, an important component of fertility preferences, is proposed and applied to 1993 Costa Rican data. Based on a reverse or backward survival analysis, preferred birth intervals are estimated to range between 3·5 and 4·5 years (1·5 years for the interval union to first birth). These intervals are 2 or 3 years shorter than crude estimates from data on open or last closed intervals, which are upwardly biased by selection and left censoring effects. To achieve these spacing preferences, a cohort must spend about two-thirds of the time using contraception (one-third in the interval union to first birth). An inverse association between desired family size and desired birth interval is evident only in parity-specific analyses.

scholarly journals The Crucial Role of Mothers and Siblings in Child Survival: Evidence From 29 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1687-1713
Author(s):  
Philippe Bocquier ◽  
Carren Ginsburg ◽  
Ashira Menashe-Oren ◽  
Yacouba Compaoré ◽  
Mark Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Demographic Surveillance Systems ◽  
Older Sibling

Abstract A considerable body of research has studied the effects of siblings on child mortality through birth intervals. This research has commonly focused on older siblings. We argue that birth intervals with younger siblings may have equal or stronger effects on child mortality, even during a mother's pregnancy. Moreover, we contend that birth interval effects need to be considered only when siblings are coresident. Using longitudinal data from 29 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems across sub-Saharan Africa, covering more than 560,000 children, we examine the proximate role of siblings and mothers in child mortality. We find that a birth interval of 24 months or more is advantageous for both older and younger siblings. The effect of a younger sibling on child mortality is more pronounced than that of an older sibling and adds to the effect of an older sibling. Moreover, child mortality is particularly low during a mother's subsequent pregnancy, contrasting the shock resulting from a younger sibling's birth. Further, we find that a mother's or sibling's absence from the household results in a higher risk of mortality, and the death of either reduces child survival up to six months before the death.

scholarly journals Effect of Birth Interval on Foetal and Postnatal Child Growth

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahama Saaka ◽  
Benjamin Aggrey
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results

Background. Although available evidence suggests short birth intervals are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, little is known about the extent to which birth spacing affects postnatal child growth. The present study assessed the independent association of birth interval with birth weight and subsequent postnatal growth indices. Methods. This retrospective cohort study carried out in the rural areas of Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana compared postnatal growth across different categories of birth intervals. Birth intervals were calculated as month difference between consecutive births of a woman. The study population comprised 530 postpartum women who had delivered a live baby in the past 24 months prior to the study. Results. Using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) that adjusted for age of the child, gender of the child, weight-for-length z-score (WLZ), birth weight, adequacy of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, and dietary diversity of the child, the mean length-for-age z-score (LAZ) among children of short preceding birth interval (<24 months) was significantly higher than among children of long birth interval (that is, at least 24 months) ((0.51 versus −0.04) (95% CI: 0.24–0.87), p  = 0.001). The adjusted mean birth weight of children born to mothers of longer birth interval was 74.0 g more than children born to mothers of shorter birth interval (CI: 5.89–142.0, p < 0.03). Conclusions. The results suggest that a short birth interval is associated positively with an increased risk of low birth weight (an indicator of foetal growth), but birth spacing is associated negatively with the LAZ (an indicator of postnatal growth).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document