Grandmaternal investment and early childhood injury: the role of X-chromosomal relatedness

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Childhood Injury ◽  
Grandmother Hypothesis

Abstract Evolutionary theory posits that grandmothers can increase their inclusive fitness by investing time and resources in their grandchildren. According on the X-linked grandmother hypothesis, the asymmetric inheritance of X-chromosomes should be responsible for the biased effect of the investment by maternal and paternal grandmothers towards granddaughters and grandsons. The British Millennium Cohort Study (n=4445 children) was used to investigate the association between grandmaternal childcare and children’s injuries between the ages of 9 months and 3 years. Support was found for the X-linked grandmother hypothesis predicting that the investment of paternal grandmothers benefits more granddaughters than grandsons, the investment of paternal grandmothers benefits granddaughters more than the investment of maternal grandmothers, and the investment of maternal grandmothers is similarly associated with the injuries of granddaughters and grandsons. However, no support was found for the prediction that maternal grandmothers benefit more grandsons than paternal grandmothers. Thus, some, although not univocal, evidence for the prediction that X-chromosomal relatedness shapes the grandmaternal effect on child outcomes was found.

scholarly journals Maternal mental health and childhood injury: evidence from the UK Millennium Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Hope ◽  
Jessica Deighton ◽  
Nadia Micali ◽  
Catherine Law
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Childhood Injury ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Uk Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveWe assessed whether maternal mental health problems increased rates for child injury during the preschool years and mid-childhood, and the extent to which associations could be accounted for by a range of potential explanatory factors.DesignWe analysed the UK Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample with data collected throughout childhood. Multinomial regression was used to investigate whether two measures of maternal mental health (diagnosed depression/anxiety and psychological distress) were associated with subsequent childhood injury. Models adjusted for sociodemographics, parenting and child externalising behaviours.Main outcome measureMaternal report of unintentional injuries (none, 1, 2+) recorded at three data collection periods (3–5 years; 5–7 years; 7–11 years).ResultsThe analytic sample comprised n=9240 families who participated 3–11 years with complete data on exposures and outcomes (multiply imputing missing covariates). Exposure to maternal mental health problems was associated with increased rates of subsequent childhood injuries. Associations attenuated after adjustment for potential explanatory factors, although they remained elevated. For example, high maternal distress was associated with injuries 3–5 years (adjusted relative risk ratio (aRRR): 1 injury=1.18, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.61; 2+ injuries=2.22, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.02); injuries 5–7 years (aRRR: 1 injury=1.31, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.76; 2+ injuries=1.84, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.09); and injuries 7–11 years (aRRR: 1 injury=1.03, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.31; 2+ injuries=1.33, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.81).ConclusionsChildren exposed to mothers with mental health problems had higher rates of childhood injury than those not exposed. If further investigation of this association suggests causality then it will be important to test measures that address mothers’ mental health issues with a view to reducing injuries among their children.

scholarly journals Changes in family structure in early childhood in the Millennium Cohort Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Panico ◽  
Mel Bartley ◽  
Yvonne Kelly ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Amanda Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Family Structure ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study

scholarly journals Early individual and family predictors of weight trajectories from early childhood to adolescence: results from the Millennium Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constança Soares dos Santos ◽  
João Picoito ◽  
Carla Nunes ◽  
Isabel Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Early Weight Gain ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Weight Trajectories

AbstractBackgroundEarly infancy and childhood are critical periods in the establishment of lifelong weight trajectories. Parents and early family environment have a strong effect on children’s health behaviors that track into adolescence, influencing lifelong risk of obesity.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify developmental trajectories of body mass index (BMI) from early childhood to adolescence and to assess their early individual and family predictors.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the Millennium Cohort Study and included 17,166 children. Weight trajectories were estimated using growth mixture modeling based on age- and gender-specific BMI Z-scores, followed by a bias-adjusted regression analysis.ResultsWe found four BMI trajectories: Weight Loss (69%), Early Weight Gain (24%), Early Obesity (3.7%), and Late Weight Gain (3.3%). Weight trajectories were mainly settled by early adolescence. Lack of sleep and eating routines, low emotional self-regulation, child-parent conflict, and low child-parent closeness in early childhood were significantly associated with unhealthy weight trajectories, alongside poverty, low maternal education, maternal obesity, and prematurity.ConclusionsUnhealthy BMI trajectories were defined in early and middle-childhood, and disproportionally affected children from disadvantaged families. This study further points out that household routines, self-regulation, and child-parent relationships are possible areas for family-based obesity prevention interventions.

An evolutionary theory of music needs to care about developmental timing

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Hannon ◽  
Alyssa N. Crittenden ◽  
Joel S. Snyder ◽  
Karli M. Nave
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

Abstract Both target papers cite evidence from infancy and early childhood to support the notion of human musicality as a somewhat static suite of capacities; however, in our view they do not adequately acknowledge the critical role of developmental timing, the acquisition process, or the dynamics of social learning, especially during later periods of development such as middle childhood.

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