Automatic application of teat disinfectant through the milking machine cluster

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Grindal ◽  
David J. Priest
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Frictional Contact ◽  
Automatic Device ◽  
Automatic Method ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Iodine Contamination ◽  
Milking Machine

SummaryAn automatic device, which infuses disinfectant into the mouthpiece of the liner of the milking machine cluster as teatcups are removed, is described. Application at this time avoids any delay in disinfection, reduces the workload in the parlour and increases reliability of application. The teats of 20 cows were contaminated before each milking by immersion in a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae and then disinfected manually or automatically with iodophor after milking. Str. agalactiae was recovered from < 5% of swabs and there was no difference between the results from the two methods. Neither method of disinfection was as effective against Staph. aureus and the recovery rate was significantly greater for the automatic method for both swabs from teat barrel (P < 0·05) and teat apex (P < 0·001). Rates of intramammary infection for quarters automatically or manually disinfected were similar and low (3/40 v. 6/40 respectively). The automatic method facilitates cluster removal by relieving vacuum and decreasing frictional contact at the mouthpiece lip, and utilizes approximately half the quantity of disinfectant used by manual dipping (0·9 v. 1·9 ml/teat). However, iodine contamination in the milk from the iodophor teat disinfectant was significantly increased from 14·4 to 102·2 μg I2/100 ml milk when no backflushing was practised.

The sensitivity of bovine staphylococci, streptococci and corynebacteria to cloxacillin and various other antibiotics

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jones ◽  
T. M. Higgs ◽  
F. K. Neave ◽  
A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Corynebacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

SummaryThe sensitivities of isolates of bovine staphylococci, corynebacteria and streptococci to various antibiotics were determined. The growth of various strains of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by the following range of concentrations of antibiotic: cloxacillin, 0·07 to 0·6 μg/ml; penicillin G, 0·018 to > 250 μg/ml; streptomycin, 1·25 to > 250 µg/ml; novobiocin, 0·15 to 25 μg/ml; chlortetracycline, 0·6 to 10 µg/ml. The concentrations of cloxacillin required to inhibit growth were between 0·15 and 1·25 μg/ml for strains of Streptococcus agalactiae; 0·07 to 0·3 μg/ml for strains of Streptococcus dysgalactiae and 0·15 to 0·6 μg/ml for strains of Streptococcus uberis.The corynebacteria were generally sensitive to the penicillins (ampicillin, penicillin G, phenethicillin and cloxacillin), but showed least sensitivity to cloxacillin which had a similar activity to that of chlortetracycline, neomycin and oleandomycin. Chloramphenicol and streptomycin were less active than the penicillins and novobiocin showed little activity against Corynebacterium ulcerans.A clear relationship was confirmed between the sensitivity of staphylococci to cloxacillin and penicillin G. Some indication was found of an association between the sensitivity of staphylococci to cloxacillin and the success of cloxacillin intramammary therapy in the non-lactating udder. There was no evidence of a change in the sensitivity of Staph. aureus following exposure to cloxacillin in the non-lactating udder.

Effect of a disinfectant udder wash and a post-milking teat dip on the bacterial population of the teat end and on the rate of new intramammary infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Sheldrake ◽  
Roderic J. T. Hoare
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chlorhexidine Solution

SUMMARYA pre-milking wash disinfectant procedure employing a 2% (w/v) chlorhexidine solution in a detergent base did not reduce the rate of new intramammary infection in a lactating herd challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Teat-end swabs showed no significant difference in the number of Staph aureus isolated from the teat-ends pre-washed with either water, or water and chlorhexidine. In contrast, disinfecting teats after milking with a solution containing 5000 mg available iodine/1 significantly reduced the staphylococcal population of the teat-ends and the rate of new intramammary infection, compared with teats not disinfected.

Postmilking Teat Dipping in a Herd of Low Infection Incidence

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 671-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. SCHULTZE ◽  
H. H. DOWLEN ◽  
E. D. MOORE ◽  
S. C. ARAPIS ◽  
J. R. OWEN
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Infection Incidence ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
Teat Dipping

A commercial teat dipping preparation formulated to have good detergence and emollience but no germicidal activity and a commercial iodophor teat dip of 1% available iodine were tested sequentially for efficacy in preventing new intramammary infection. Teats on one side of the udder of 150 Jersey cows were dipped in the test material after each milking; the opposite teats were undipped controls. Duration of the trials was 12 months for the detergent-emollient dip and 8 months for the iodophor dip. Intramammary infection was determined by bacteriological evaluation of monthly quarter foremilk samples. Neither dip was associated with reduction in new infection rate. Possibly because of its low level of total infection and of Staphylococcus aureus and its lack of Streptococcus agalactiae, this herd was unable to demonstrate prophylaxis against intramammary infection by postmilking teat dipping and was unsuitable for testing efficacy of the tested products.

A multi-valved milking machine cluster to control intramammary infection in dairy cows

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony K. Griffin ◽  
Robert J. Grindal ◽  
A. John Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Clinical Cases

SummaryA milking machine claw incorporating valves to prevent movement of milk between teats during milking, and its contribution to the prevention of udder infection under experimental and field conditions, is described. Under experimental conditions a suspension of Streptococcus agalactiae and Str. dysgalactiae was introduced into the milking cluster during milking; 11 of 40 quarters became infected using a conventional claw piece whereas none of 40 quarters milked with the multivalve claw developed intramammary infection. In a 12-month experiment in ten commercial herds, each split into two equal susceptibility groups, the multi-valved cluster reduced the incidence of new infection with coliforms and Str. uberis by 17% (P < 0·1). The incidence of all new infections and new clinical cases was 14 and 25% lower compared to conventional clusters but these reductions were not significant.

Use ofN-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase to detect teat canal inflammations

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Kaartinen ◽  
Niels E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens ◽  
Teat Canal

Infections of the bovine mammary gland are considered to be ascending infections through the teat canal (Forbes & Hebert, 1968). With respect to skin and wound infections, staphylococci in particular adhere to and colonize traumatized areas (Mertzet al.1987).Staphylococcus aureusand coagulase-negative staphylococci can colonize the teat canal for weeks before they invade upper parts of the mammary gland (Forbes & Hebert, 1968). Such teat canal infections predispose the mammary gland to mastitic infections, particularly with the so-called ‘contagious’ mastitis pathogens, namelyStaph. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiaeandStr. dysgalactiae.

Assessment of the Multifactorial Effect on Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Positive Staphylococcus Aureus Clinical Isolates from Assir Region, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla ◽  
Waleed O Haimour ◽  
Amani A Osman ◽  
Hassan Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity

General objectives: This study aimed at assessment of factors affecting antimicrobial sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from Assir region, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: In this study, eighty one patients presented with Staph. aureus infections either nosocomial or community acquired infections were involved by collecting nasal swabs from them at Aseer Central Hospital General Lab. These patients were from all age groups and from males and females during the period of Jan 2011- Jun 2011. These samples were undergone variable laboratory procedures mainly; bactech, culture media, antibiotics sensitivity test using diffusion disc test (MIC) and molecular (PCR) for detection of mec A gene. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded in special formats and analyzed by statistical computer program (SPSS). Results: Showed that; Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis were performed and final results were plotted in tables. In Staph aureus MecA gene positive cases (50) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 13, 26.0%, 9, 18% and 7, 14% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 37, 74.0%, 22, 44% and 20, 40% respectively. While no sensitivity in diabetic and non diabetic patients using Oxacillin/ Mithicillin. In Staph aureus MecA gene negative cases (31) showed: Oxacillin/ Mithicillin, sensitivity in diabetic patients (5, 16.1%) and in non diabetic were (26, 83.9%). While no resistant in diabetic and non diabetic patients. In Ciprofloxacin and Fusidin resistant in diabetic patients were 1, 3.2% and 1, 3.2% respectively and in non diabetic patients were 12, 38.7% and 7, 22.6%respectively. Erythromycin in Staph aureus ( MecA gene) positive cases (50) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (5, 10%), (16-50) years were (16, 32%) and ( ›50 years) were (12, 24%). Erythromycin in Staph aureus (MecA gene) negative cases (31) showed: resistant in age (0-15) years were (6, 19.3%), (16-50) years were (5, 16.1%) and ( ›50 years) were (3, 9.7%). Conclusion: Drugs resistance is a major progressive multifactorial problem facing the treatment of Staph aureus infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v13i2.12750 J Medicine 2012; 13 : 152-159

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

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