Evaluation of breed-dependent differences in the innate immune responses of Holstein and Jersey cows toStaphylococcus aureusintramammary infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D Bannerman ◽  
Hayley R Springer ◽  
Max J Paape ◽  
Adam CW Kauf ◽  
Jesse P Goff
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tumour Growth Factor ◽  
Jersey Cows

Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of cattle. Various studies have reported breed-dependent differences in the risk for developing this disease. Among two major breeds, Jersey cows have been identified as having a lower prevalence of mastitis than Holstein cows. It is well established that the nature of the initial innate immune response to infection influences the ability of the host to clear harmful bacterial pathogens. Whether differences in the innate immune response to intramammary infections explain, in part, the differential prevalence of mastitis in Holstein and Jersey cows remains unknown. The objective of the current study was to evaluate several parameters of the innate immune response of Holstein and Jersey cows to intramammary infection withStaphylococcus aureus, a common mastitis-inducing pathogen. To control for non-breed related factors that could influence these parameters, all cows were of the same parity, in similar stages of milk production, housed and managed under identical conditions, and experimentally infected and sampled in parallel. The following parameters of the innate immune response were evaluated: acute phase protein synthesis of serum amyloid A and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; total and differential circulating white blood cell counts; milk somatic cell counts; mammary vascular permeability; milk N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) activity; and production of the cytokines, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, tumour growth factor(TGF)-α, and TGF-β1. The temporal response of all of these parameters following infection was similar between Holstein and Jersey cows. Further, with the exception of changes in circulating neutrophils and NAGase activity, the overall magnitude of these parameters were also comparable. Together, these data demonstrate that the innate immune response of Holstein and Jersey cows toStaph. aureusintramammary infection remains highly conserved despite previously reported differences in mastitis prevalence, as well as genotypic and phenotypic traits, that exist between the two breeds.

scholarly journals In utero heat stress alters the postnatal innate immune response of pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay S Johnson ◽  
Jacob M Maskal ◽  
Alan W Duttlinger ◽  
Kouassi R Kpodo ◽  
Betty R McConn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Cell Counts

Abstract The effects of in utero heat stress (IUHS) range from decreased growth performance to altered behavior, but the long-term impact of IUHS on postnatal innate immune function in pigs is unknown. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the effects of early gestation IUHS on the immune, metabolic, and stress response of pigs subjected to an 8 hr lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge during postnatal life. Twenty-four pregnant gilts were exposed to thermoneutral (TN; n = 12; 17.5 ± 2.1 °C) or heat stress (HS; n = 12; cyclic 26 to 36 °C) conditions from days 6 to 59 of gestation, and then TN conditions (20.9 ± 2.3 °C) from day 60 of gestation to farrowing. At 12 wk of age, 16 IUHS and 16 in utero thermoneutral (IUTN) pigs were selected, balanced by sex and given an intravenous injection of LPS (2 µg/kg BW mixed with sterile saline [SAL] and injected at 2 µL/kg BW) or SAL (2 µL/kg BW). Body temperature was monitored every 30 min, and blood was obtained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 hr following the LPS challenge. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, and cytokine concentrations. In addition, white blood cell counts were determined at 0 and 4 hr. Hour 0 data were used as covariates. Body temperature was increased (P < 0.01) in LPS (40.88 ± 0.08 °C) vs. SAL (39.83 ± 0.08 °C) pigs. Eosinophils tended to be decreased overall (P = 0.09; 43.9%) in IUHS vs. IUTN pigs. Glucose concentrations were reduced overall (P = 0.05; 5.9%) in IUHS vs. IUTN pigs. The NEFA concentrations tended to be greater (P = 0.07; 143.4%) in IUHS-LPS pigs compared with all other treatments, and IUTN-LPS pigs tended to have greater (127.4%) circulating NEFA concentrations compared with IUTN-SAL and IUHS-SAL pigs. Cortisol was increased (P = 0.04) in IUHS-LPS compared with IUTN-LPS pigs at 3 hr (21.5%) and 4 hr (64.3%). At 1 hr, tumor necrosis factor α was increased (P = 0.01; 115.1%) in IUHS-LPS compared with IUTN-LPS pigs. Overall, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were greater (P < 0.04; 281.3% and 297.8%, respectively) in IUHS-LPS pigs compared with all other treatments, and IUTN-LPS pigs had increased IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations compared with IUTN-SAL and IUHS-SAL pigs. In summary, IUHS altered the postnatal cytokine, metabolic, and physiological stress response of pigs during postnatal life, which may have negative implications toward the innate immune response of IUHS pigs to pathogens.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Responses of Calves during Transient Infection with a Noncytopathic Strain of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Müller-Doblies ◽  
Adrian Arquint ◽  
Patrick Schaller ◽  
Peter M. H. Heegaard ◽  
Monika Hilbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Mx Protein ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT In this study, six immunocompetent calves were experimentally infected with a noncytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and the effects of the viral infection on parameters of the innate immune response of the host were analyzed. Clinical and virological data were compared with the temporal activation of the alpha/beta interferon-regulated Mx gene in white blood cells (WBC) and skin as well as the upregulation of the acute-phase serum proteins haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA). The viral strain used did provoke transient health impairment, namely, fever and leukopenia that were associated with viremia, viral shedding with nasal secretions, and antiviral seroconversion. Complete recovery was observed within 3 weeks. Elevated levels of SAA and Hp were apparent from days 4 to 13 and 8 to 11, respectively. In WBC, the levels of Mx mRNA and Mx protein were elevated from days 2 to 15. In the context of this study with BVDV, the level of Mx protein expression in WBC provided the most telling diagnostic window to monitor the host's ongoing innate immune response.

562 Microbiota-Induced Serum Amyloid A is an Important Mediator of Innate Immune Response in Zebrafish

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-78-S-79
Author(s):  
Ja Seol Koo ◽  
Michelle Kanther ◽  
John F. Rawls ◽  
Christian Jobin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Important Mediator

Lactobacillus casei: influence on the innate immune response and haemostatic alterations in a liver-injury model

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Haro ◽  
Hortensia Zelaya ◽  
Sandra Lazarte ◽  
Susana Alvarez ◽  
Graciela Agüero
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Serum Aminotransferases

Lactobacilllus casei CRL 431 has the ability to modulate the local and systemic immune responses, which are significantly involved in liver injury caused by hepatotoxins. This work was conducted to determine whether L. casei has a preventive effect on the hepatic damage undergone during an acute liver injury (ALI). Methods: ALI was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of d-galactosamine (D-Gal). Different groups of mice received 1× 109 L. casei cells/day/mouse for 2 days before D-Gal injection. Blood and liver samples were obtained 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after D-Gal administration. Results: D-Gal induced increases in serum aminotransferases, reduced the number of blood leukocytes, enhanced neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity, increased dead cells, and altered prothrombin time and plasma fibrinogen levels. The preventive treatment with L. casei for 2 days modulated the innate immune response. This effect was shown by the earlier normalization of white blood cell counts, myeloperoxidase activity and aminotransferases levels. However, the haemostatic parameters were only partially recovered. The favourable effects obtained could be due to the capacity of L. casei to moderate the inflammatory response at the site of the injury with less damage to liver tissue.

scholarly journals Innate immune response to intramammary infection with Serratia marcescens and Streptococcus uberis

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Bannerman ◽  
Max J. Paape ◽  
Jesse P. Goff ◽  
Kayoko Kimura ◽  
John D. Lippolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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