Branch Banking Restrictions and Finance Constraints in Early-Twentieth-Century America

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL C. GIEDEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Finance Constraints ◽  
Branch Banking ◽  
Twentieth Century America

This article studies the effects of branch banking restrictions on American firm investment and growth. Authors have suggested that the lack of widespread branching bank networks hindered the development of large-scale industrial firms. This article presents a model that implies that restrictions on branch banking cause the severity of external finance constraints to increase with firm size. This hypothesis is tested using a panel data set of over 250 firms for 1911–1922. Investment and growth sensitivities are significantly higher for large firms than for smaller firms, suggesting that branch banking restrictions hindered the expansion of large-scale firms.

Myths of Albanian National Identity

2020 ◽  
pp. 312-324
Author(s):  
Noel Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
National Survival ◽  
Higher Purpose ◽  
Twentieth Century America

Many elements of modern Albanian national ideology developed outside the Albanian lands themselves; this essay examines the ideas about the identity of the Albanian people which were put forward by an influential group of writers in early-twentieth-century America. The key figures were Fan Noli, Faik Konitsa, Kostandin Çekrezi and Kristo Dako. Although they wrote mainly in émigré papers, their arguments sought a much wider audience, especially in the period 1912–21, when the fate of Albania lay in the hands of the major Western powers. Four main categories of ‘myth’ or talismanic doctrine are identified and discussed. The myth of origins and priority claimed that the Albanians were the most ancient people of south-eastern Europe, having preceded even the ancient Greeks. The myth of ethnic homogeneity and cultural purity asserted that the Albanian people had never undergone any large-scale processes of admixture or dilution by foreign populations and foreign cultures. The myth of permanent national struggle maintained that Albanians had always fought to throw off rule by non-Albanians, whether Roman, Slav or Ottoman. And the myth of indifference to religion said that for the Albanians, religion had never been a primary marker of identity, and that their changes in religion had typically been tactical moves, made for the higher purpose of national survival. This mutually reinforcing pattern of claims thus offers a classic example of the mythic style of identity formation.

The Collapse of State Power, the Cluniac Reform Movement, and the Origins of Urban Self-Government in Medieval Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stavnskær Doucette ◽  
Jørgen Møller
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Power ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Emergence Of Institutions ◽  
Place Of Origin

Abstract Several generations of scholarship have identified the medieval development of urban self-government as crucial for European patterns of state formation. However, extant theories, emphasizing structural factors such as initial endowments and warfare, do little to explain the initial emergence of institutions of urban self-government before CE 1200 or why similar institutions did not emerge outside of Europe. We argue that a large-scale collapse of public authority in the ninth and tenth centuries allowed a bottom-up reform movement in West Francia (the Cluniac movement), directed by clergy but with popular backing, to push for ecclesiastical autonomy and asceticism in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. These social realignments, facilitated by new norms about ecclesiastical office holding, stimulated the urban associationalism that led to the initial emergence of autonomous town councils. Using a panel data set of 643 towns in the period between 800 and 1800, we show that medieval towns were substantially more likely to establish autonomous town councils in the period between 1000 and 1200 if they were situated in the vicinity of Cluniac monasteries. These findings are corroborated by regressions that use distance from Cluny—the movement's place of origin—to instrument for proximity to Cluniac monasteries.

War in Social Thought

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas ◽  
Wolfgang Knöbl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Original Argument

This book provides a sweeping critical history of social theories about war and peace from Thomas Hobbes to the present. It presents both a broad intellectual history and an original argument as it traces the development of thinking about war over more than 350 years—from the premodern era to the period of German idealism and the Scottish and French enlightenments, and then from the birth of sociology in the nineteenth century through the twentieth century. While focusing on social thought, the book draws on many disciplines, including philosophy, anthropology, and political science. It demonstrate the profound difficulties most social thinkers—including liberals, socialists, and those intellectuals who could be regarded as the first sociologists—had in coming to terms with the phenomenon of war, the most obvious form of large-scale social violence. With only a few exceptions, these thinkers, who believed deeply in social progress, were unable to account for war because they regarded it as marginal or archaic, and on the verge of disappearing. This overly optimistic picture of the modern world persisted in social theory even in the twentieth century, as most sociologists and social theorists either ignored war and violence in their theoretical work or tried to explain it away. The failure of the social sciences and especially sociology to understand war, the book argues, must be seen as one of the greatest weaknesses of disciplines that claim to give a convincing diagnosis of our times.

ProGen:Provenance database generator for large-scale data set

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2737-2740
Author(s):  
Xiao ZHANG ◽  
Shan WANG ◽  
Na LIAN
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Scale Data

The Straight State: Sexuality and Citizenship in Twentieth-Century America

Public Voices ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Jason Pierceson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century America

Reviewed by Jason Pierceson

A General Approach to Panel Data Set-Theoretic Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Roberto Garcia-Castro ◽  
◽  
Miguel A. Ariño ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Data Set

Integrative Data Analysis from a Unifying Research Synthesis Perspective

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Young Mun ◽  
Anne E. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Synthesis ◽  
Alcohol Intervention ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Integrative Data Analysis ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Participant

Integrative data analysis (IDA) is a promising new approach in psychological research and has been well received in the field of alcohol research. This chapter provides a larger unifying research synthesis framework for IDA. Major advantages of IDA of individual participant-level data include better and more flexible ways to examine subgroups, model complex relationships, deal with methodological and clinical heterogeneity, and examine infrequently occurring behaviors. However, between-study heterogeneity in measures, designs, and samples and systematic study-level missing data are significant barriers to IDA and, more broadly, to large-scale research synthesis. Based on the authors’ experience working on the Project INTEGRATE data set, which combined individual participant-level data from 24 independent college brief alcohol intervention studies, it is also recognized that IDA investigations require a wide range of expertise and considerable resources and that some minimum standards for reporting IDA studies may be needed to improve transparency and quality of evidence.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Powers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Twentieth Century America

The Introduction begins by providing a brief overview of the reception of Greek drama by under-represented communities in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century America. After situating the book’s topic within this historical timeline, it proceeds to explain the development of the project, the focus on live theatre, the choice of productions, and the reasons for them. It defines terms, provides disclaimers, explains the methodology used, clarifies the topic, situates it within its historical moment, summarizes each of the chapters, describes the development of the ‘democratic turn’ in Greek drama, and finally speculates on the reasons for the appeal of Greek drama to artists working with under-represented communities.

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