scholarly journals Characteristics of the Heat Balance of the Greenland Ice sheet for Modelling

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (107) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ambach
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
The Heat Balance

AbstractData of the heat balance measured during EGIG 1959 and 1967 are applied to calculate the shift in equilibrium line due to climatic changes. The analysis follows Kuhn’s algorithm by determining from the data: (i) response of the net radiation balance due to changes in air temperature, cloudiness, and albedo, (ii) the response of the sensible heat flux due to changes in air temperature, (iii) the altitudinal gradients of air temperature and cumulative accumulation, (iv) the duration of the ablation season, and (v) the significance of superimposed ice. The shift of the equilibrium line due to changes in cloudiness is negligible compared to that which is caused by changes in temperature. The formation of superimposed ice, however, influences the result considerably. The shift of the equilibrium line amounts to +77 m K−1at constant cloudiness and –4 m per 1/10 cloudiness at constant temperature.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Heat Balance of the Greenland Ice sheet for Modelling

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (107) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Ambach
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
The Heat Balance

AbstractData of the heat balance measured during EGIG 1959 and 1967 are applied to calculate the shift in equilibrium line due to climatic changes. The analysis follows Kuhn’s algorithm by determining from the data: (i) response of the net radiation balance due to changes in air temperature, cloudiness, and albedo, (ii) the response of the sensible heat flux due to changes in air temperature, (iii) the altitudinal gradients of air temperature and cumulative accumulation, (iv) the duration of the ablation season, and (v) the significance of superimposed ice. The shift of the equilibrium line due to changes in cloudiness is negligible compared to that which is caused by changes in temperature. The formation of superimposed ice, however, influences the result considerably. The shift of the equilibrium line amounts to +77 m K−1 at constant cloudiness and –4 m per 1/10 cloudiness at constant temperature.

scholarly journals Ablation and Heat Balance of the Yukikabe Snow Patch in the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sato ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
R. Naruse ◽  
G. Wakahama
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Heat Balance

A good correlation was found between the ablation of snow and degree day index (cumulative values of positive daily mean air temperature) during the summer of 1978 on the Yukikabe snow patch in the Daisetsu mountains, central Hokkaido. The volume change of the snow patch in the ablation season of any year can hence be estimated from air temperature using this relationship. Each of the heat-balance terms controlling the ablation is evaluated separately by using empirical equations and assumed values for meteorological parameters at the snow patch. Triangular diagrams are constructed in order to illustrate the relative contributions of sensible heat, latent heat, and net radiation, the main three heat sources. A higher contribution from sensible and latent heat is found for the snow patches of Japan than for many glaciers and ice caps elsewhere. This may be due to higher mid-summer air temperatures than in other glaciated parts of the world.

scholarly journals Ablation and Heat Balance of the Yukikabe Snow Patch in the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sato ◽  
S. Takahashi ◽  
R. Naruse ◽  
G. Wakahama
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Heat Balance

A good correlation was found between the ablation of snow and degree day index (cumulative values of positive daily mean air temperature) during the summer of 1978 on the Yukikabe snow patch in the Daisetsu mountains, central Hokkaido. The volume change of the snow patch in the ablation season of any year can hence be estimated from air temperature using this relationship. Each of the heat-balance terms controlling the ablation is evaluated separately by using empirical equations and assumed values for meteorological parameters at the snow patch. Triangular diagrams are constructed in order to illustrate the relative contributions of sensible heat, latent heat, and net radiation, the main three heat sources. A higher contribution from sensible and latent heat is found for the snow patches of Japan than for many glaciers and ice caps elsewhere. This may be due to higher mid-summer air temperatures than in other glaciated parts of the world.

scholarly journals Response of the Energy Balance on the Margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Temperature Changes

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Braithwaite ◽  
Ole B. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Sensible Heat

AbstractDaily ice ablation on two outlet glaciers from the Greenland ice sheet, Nordbogletscher (1979–83) and Qamanârssûp sermia (1980–86), is related to air temperature by a linear regression equation. Analysis of this ablation-temperature equation with the help of a simple energy-balance model shows that sensible-heat flux has the greatest temperature response and accounts for about one-half of the temperature response of ablation. Net radiation accounts for about one-quarter of the temperature response of ablation, and latent-heat flux and errors account for the remainder. The temperature response of sensible-heat flux at QQamanârssûp sermia is greater than at Nordbogletscher mainly due to higher average wind speeds. The association of high winds with high temperatures during Föhn events further increases sensible-heat flux. The energy-balance model shows that ablation from a snow surface is only about half that from an ice surface at the same air temperature.

scholarly journals Energy Balance Calculations for the Ablation Period 1982 at Vernagtferner. Oetztal Alps

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 158-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Escher-Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Climatic Pattern

In this paper, some features of energy balance terms will be discussed in respect to the melting capacity available at the surface of Vernagtferner in the Oetztal Alps. The climatic pattern of summer 1982 is described, then the method of calculating individual terms (shortwave and longwave radiation balance, sensible and latent heat flux) from records of radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind. The results of these calculations are discussed for ice, firn and snow areas of the glacier. In particular the relationship between the four terms is shown for 15 July 1982, the day with highest meltwater production in 1982. These values are then compared with the maximum values of the individual terms, showing that the highest meltwater production is caused by the combination of quite high values of the individual terms, but not of the absolutely highest ones. The importance of sensible heat flux for meltwater production in 1982 is discussed: comparison between meltwater production for the whole summer and measured runoff shows reasonable accordance.

scholarly journals Response of the Energy Balance on the Margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet to Temperature Changes

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (123) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Braithwaite ◽  
Ole B. Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Sensible Heat

AbstractDaily ice ablation on two outlet glaciers from the Greenland ice sheet, Nordbogletscher (1979–83) and Qamanârssûp sermia (1980–86), is related to air temperature by a linear regression equation. Analysis of this ablation-temperature equation with the help of a simple energy-balance model shows that sensible-heat flux has the greatest temperature response and accounts for about one-half of the temperature response of ablation. Net radiation accounts for about one-quarter of the temperature response of ablation, and latent-heat flux and errors account for the remainder. The temperature response of sensible-heat flux at QQamanârssûp sermia is greater than at Nordbogletscher mainly due to higher average wind speeds. The association of high winds with high temperatures during Föhn events further increases sensible-heat flux. The energy-balance model shows that ablation from a snow surface is only about half that from an ice surface at the same air temperature.

scholarly journals On Glacier Energy Balance, Ablation, and Air Temperature

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (97) ◽  
pp. 381-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Ablation Rate ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Temperature Relation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Energy Equations

AbstractThe paper tries to reconcile the facts that there are often useful correlations between ablation or run-off and air temperature while net radiation is usually the major source of ablation energy. Equations are derived from the energy balance to describe statistics for the ablation-temperature relation in terms of statistics for the relations between individual energy fluxes and air temperature. As examples, statistics are evaluated for four published series from Arctic Canada. Although the net radiation is the largest energy source in all four cases, the ablation rate is moderately well correlated with temperature and poorly correlated with net radiation. This is because the sensible heat flux is more variable than the radiation in three cases and is itself better correlated with temperature in all four cases. The major contributions to the increase of ablation rate with temperature (on average 6.3 kg m−2d−1deg−1) are due to sensible heat, followed by latent heat with a small contribution from net radiation. The resulting ablation-temperature model explains about half the variance of ablation rate. The main application of such a simple model is for the estimation of ablation totals in areas where glaciological and hydrological data are sparse.

scholarly journals Effects of climatic perturbations on the equilibrium-line altitude, West Greenland

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (131) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ambach
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Equilibrium Line ◽  
Equilibrium Line Altitude ◽  
West Greenland ◽  
Melt Water ◽  
The Heat Balance

AbstractPerturbation analysis is applied to the heat balance at the EGIG line (West Greenland) with respect to climatic changes. The shift of the equilibrium-line altitude is obtained for perturbations of temperature, absolute humidity, cloudiness and annual accumulation. The total net ice ablation at the EGIG line increases by 45% with a perturbation of + 1 K. Applying this figure to the entire ice sheet, the total ablation equals the total accumulation at a warming of + 2 K, if refreezing of melt water is neglected.

scholarly journals Energy Exchange and its Influence Factors on Mountain Glaciers in West China

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Zhongyuan ◽  
Yu Xinzhi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Balance ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Heat balance studies were carried out during summer ablation periods 1960-1983 by the glacial investigation team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The effect of energy exchange on development of mountain glaciers was determined, based on the observation of heat exchange over the glacial surface of various mountainous regions. Relationships between energy transfer and climatic parameters under different climatic regimes and landform conditions are analyzed in detail. It was found that the most important heat source for snow-ice melting is radiation, a contribution amounting to between 59.0% and 92.1% of the total. Sensible heat contributed 8 - 36%. The sensible heat flux depends on the bulk transfer coefficient and the glacier cooling effect. The mean value is about 16.3 Ly/day.K.. With the decrease of sea influence, altitude of the snow-line is elevated, aridity of glacier climate increases, evaporation increases gradually and melting decreases, providing conditions for glacial nourishment. When the glacier is covered with a debris layer, the glacier heat balance in continental regions is altered. Finally, the authors’ investigation on the glacier No 1, at the headwater of Urumqi river, shows that differences in structure of glacier heat balance are mainly the result of the influence of the topography and albedo on net radiation. Finally, diagrams of distribution of net radiation in space and time are presented.

scholarly journals The Radiation Balance of Snow-Free Surfaces at Poste-de-la-Baleine, Québec, May 30 – June 1, 1970

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (36) ◽  
pp. 495-508
Author(s):  
Cynthia Wilson ◽  
M. A. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Free Surfaces ◽  
Cloudy Weather

Total insolation and net radiation were measured for a wide variety of surfaces at Poste-de-la-Baleine, Québec, from May 30 to June 1, 1970, during alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic situations. With the exception of open water in southeastem James Bay and in the vicinity of the Belcher Islands, the ice cover was complete over Hudson Bayand westerly and southwesterly flow were associated with cool, wet, cloudy weather. For cloudy conditions, including fog and cirrus, and damp surfaces, a close linear relationship was found to exist between net radiation and total insolation for all surfaces. The results indicated that although the insolation was much reduced by cloud cover, about 72% of the energy was available at the surface for physical and biological processes. The importance of the sensible heat flux is noted, and of the cold advection from the Bay.

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