Short-term effects of forest disturbances on soil nematode communities in European mountain spruce forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Čerevková ◽  
M. Renčo ◽  
L. Cagáň
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Short Term Effects

AbstractThe nematode communities in spruce forests were compared with the short-term effects of forest damage, caused by windstorm, wildfire and management practices of forest soils. Soil samples were collected in June and October from 2006 to 2008 in four different sites: (1) forest unaffected by the wind (REF); (2) storm-felled forest with salvaged timber (EXT); (3) modified forest affected by timber salvage (wood removal) and forest fire (FIR); and (4) storm-felled forest where timber had been left unsalvaged (NEX). Nematode analysis showed that the dominant species in all four investigated sites were Acrobeloides nanus and Eudorylaimus silvaticus. An increase of A. nanus (35% of the total nematode abundance) in the first year in the FIR site led to the highest total abundance of nematodes compared with other sites, where nematode abundance reached the same level in the third year. In the FIR site bacterial feeders appeared to be the most representative trophic group, although in the second and third year, after disturbance, the abundance of this trophic group gradually decreased. In the NEX site, the number of nematode species, population densities and Maturity Index were similar to that recorded for the FIR site. In EXT and NEX sites, the other dominant species was the plant parasitic nematode Paratylenchus microdorus. Analyses of nematodes extracted from different forest soil samples showed that the highest number of species and diversity index for species (H'spp) were in the REF site. Differences between the nematode fauna in REF and other localities were clearly depicted by cluster analysis. The greatest Structure Index and Enrichment Index values were also in REF. In the EXT site, the number of nematode species, their abundance, H'spp and Maturity Index were not significantly different from those recorded in the reference site.

Seasonal distribution of abundance, biomass and secondary production of free-living nematodes and their community composition in different stream micro-habitats

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Brüchner-Hüttemann ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Feeding Types ◽  
Nematode Abundance

Summary The nematode communities of four different micro-habitats in an unpolluted first-order stream were investigated over a 13-month period in a study of the sediment and the biofilms on dead wood, macrophytes and leaf litter. Nematode abundances, biomass and secondary production were analysed, together with the species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity of the nematode communities of the micro-habitats. Differences between the investigated micro-habitats in terms of seasonal variations, species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity were expected. The annual mean values of nematode abundance, biomass and secondary production differed significantly between the micro-habitats. Abundances were highest on dead wood, whereas biomass and secondary production were highest in sediment. In the sediment and on leaf litter, nematode abundance and biomass showed pronounced seasonal patterns. The largest contribution to the total secondary production of the stream was from sediment nematodes. In total, 108 nematode species were detected in the micro-habitats during the 13-month study. Comparisons between them revealed differences in nematode species composition. The annual mean species number was significantly higher in sediment and on leaf litter than on dead wood and macrophytes, whereas the annual mean Shannon-Wiener index was significantly higher in sediment than at all other micro-habitats. All micro-habitats in the studied stream, as well as the stream as a whole, were dominated by nematode species belonging to the deposit feeders. Our study clearly showed that the composition of nematode communities from different micro-habitats within a single stream reach can differ markedly.

Short-term effects of CO2concentration elevation, warming and transgenicBtrice cropping on soil labile organic carbon and nitrogen, and nematode communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
陈婧 CHEN Jing ◽  
陈法军 CHEN Fajun ◽  
刘满强 LIU Manqiang ◽  
冯运 FENG Yun ◽  
党志浩 DANG Zhihao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Labile Organic Carbon ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Labile Organic Carbon ◽  
Short Term Effects

Nematode communities of Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island, maritime Antarctica

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uffe N. Nielsen ◽  
Diana H. Wall ◽  
Grace Li ◽  
Manuel Toro ◽  
Byron J. Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Maritime Antarctica ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
Harsh Conditions

AbstractThe nematode communities of Antarctica are considered simple. The few species present are well adapted to the harsh conditions and often endemic to Antarctica. Knowledge of Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems is increasing rapidly, but nematode communities remain to be explored in large parts of Antarctica. In soil samples collected at Byers Peninsula (Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 126), Livingston Island we recorded 37 nematode taxa but samples showed great variation in richness and abundance. Nematode richness decreased with increasing soil pH, whereas total abundances, and the abundance of several trophic groups, were greatest at intermediate pH (around 6.5–7). Moreover, the community composition was mainly related to pH and less so to soil moisture. Trophic group, and total nematode, rotifer and tardigrade, abundances were generally positively correlated. Byers Peninsula is thus, by maritime Antarctic standards, a nematode biodiversity hotspot, and the presence of several previously unrecorded genera indicates that nematode species richness in maritime Antarctica is probably underestimated. Our results indicate that abiotic factors influence nematode communities with little evidence for biotic interactions. The unexplained heterogeneity in community composition is probably related to variation in microclimate, vegetation, topography and unmeasured soil properties, but may also be contributed to by biological processes.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of cadmium and mercury on soil nematode communities in a pot experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Y. Lü ◽  
X. Chen ◽  
W.F. Xue ◽  
W.D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pollution Effects ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryAnalysis of soil nematode feeding groups and functional guilds were used as a valuable tool to detect heavy metal pollution. Effects of cadmium (Cd) at 5 mg/kg, mercury (Hg) at 20mg/kg, combined Cd and Hg at 5+20mg/kg on the nematode communities were studied after three months application. Nematodes were collected from soil in rhizosphere of Morning glories (Pharhiris nil) which were applied as heavy metal accumulators and were grown in the experimental pots. Both single and combined heavy metals had marked effects on the nematode abundance, life-history strategies and feeding type composition. Bacteriovores and c-p 2 group were found to be the most abundant trophic group and functional guild, respectively. Acrobeloides and Pratylenchus were the most two abundant genera, decreasing number of them was responsible for the significant difference between control and polluted treatments. Cd-5 and Cd-Hg 5+20 presented lower values of nematode diversity index (H’) and evenness index (J’) than Hg-20. The combination of Cd and Hg showed lower nematode trophic diversity (TD), in comparison with single Cd or Hg. Conversely, heavy metals addition exhibited no pronounced effect on Maturity index (MI), structural index (SI) and enrichment index (EI). Our results demonstrate that genera composition is a better indicator to short-term heavy metal effects than some common indicator indices and emphasize that deeper assemblage analyses are needed for a correct interpretation of short-term disturbance on soil nematodes.

scholarly journals Communities of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in Slovakia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lišková ◽  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractA total of 61 nematode species belonging into 48 genera was identified in soil of nine localities of hop gardens in Slovakia. From free living soil nematodes the most abundant were the genus Rhabditis-eudominant taxon, species Aphelenchus avenae — dominant taxon, the species Cephalobus persegnis, Chiloplacus propinquus, Aglenchus agricola, Nothotylenchus acris, Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus and genus Eudorylaimus were subdominant taxa. Only ten species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed — Ditylenchus dipsaci, Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus canadensis, H. digonicus, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. pratensis, Heterodera humuli, and Paratylenchus bukowinensis. Bitylenchus dubius and Merlinius brevidens belonged to dominant taxa, the species Heterodera humuli and Helicotylenchus digonicus to subdominant taxa. The occurrence of Heterodera humuli cysts was recorded at all localities studied, and the occurrence of H. humuli larvae in soil during autumn indicates that possibly more than one generation of the parasite have developed within one vegetation period. The proportion of individual trophic groups in nematode communities of hop gardens was characterised by the prevalence of bacterial feeders followed by plant parasites. The ecological characteristics used for ecological evaluation, especially Maturity Index and Plant Parasitic Index/Maturity Index, indicate a more disturbed environment. Although hop is a perennial plant, the structure and ecology of its nematode communities is more similar to the agricultural ecosystems with a higher level of agricultural practices.

Species distribution of free-living nematodes and other meiofauna in littoral periphyton communities of lakes

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Peters ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Deposit Feeders ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Total Fauna ◽  
Hard Substrates

AbstractRecent studies on meiofaunal and nematode communities have focused on soft sediments in streams, lakes and marine environments. Despite a large number of studies dealing with periphyton, meiofaunal and nematode communities, on littoral hard substrates in lakes have not yet been investigated in detail. Therefore, epilithic communities with particular emphasis on nematode species composition, were analysed in 17 Swedish lakes differing greatly in size, depth, trophic status and epilithic biomass. Nematode abundance ranged from 2.3 to 161.5 cm−2, and the abundance of nematodes relative to total meiofauna ranged from 20 to 77% (mean 53%). Fifty-eight nematode species were identified; species numbers varied from eight to 34 species per lake. The dominant species were Rhabdolaimus aquaticus, Punctodora ratzeburgensis, Eumonhystera dispar and Crocodorylaimus flavomaculatus. Deposit feeders dominated (71% of total fauna), followed by suction feeders (14%), epistrate feeders (12%) and chewers (3%). Of 3624 nematodes examined, 54% were juveniles, 35% females, 6% males and 5% gravid females. Multivariate analysis of the nematode species composition revealed significant differences in the community structures among lakes. This is the first study to show that meiofauna is a numerically abundant group within littoral periphyton communities in lakes, with nematodes representing the dominant group.

scholarly journals Nematode communities in three types of grassland in the Slovak Republic

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Čerevková
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractNematode communities were studied and compared in three different types of grassland throughout the Slovak Republic: new meadow (established during last 3 years), permanent meadow and permanent pasture. A total of 85 nematode species from 64 genera were found. The identified nematode species belonged mainly to the orders Tylenchida (31), Dorylaimida (22), and Rhabditida (12). The most abundant species were Helicotylenchus digonicus, Rhabditis spp., Filenchus filiformis and Enchodelus macrodorus in new meadows, H. digonicus and E. macrodorus in permanent meadows and H. digonicus and Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus in permanent pastures. Plant parasitic nematodes were dominant in all investigated types of grassland, followed by bacterial feeders in new meadows and omnivores in permanent meadows and pastures. Maturity index (MI) and B/F depended with the age of grassland and thus with succession from newly established meadows to permanent meadows and permanent pastures. Nematode communities were more similar in permanent meadows and pastures than in new meadows and were also influenced by geographic condition.

Development and functional structure of epiphytic nematode communities on the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum in Lake Sakadaš, Kopački Rit, Croatia

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Vidaković ◽  
Goran Palijan
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Submerged Macrophyte ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractThe structural and functional diversity of epiphytic nematodes associated with the submerged macrophyte species, Ceratophyllum demersum, were investigated from July to September 2004 at three stations in the floodplain lake, Lake Sakadaš, Croatia. At stations I and II, C. demersum was dominant in the macrophyte patches. At station III, Myriophyllum spicatum was the dominant macrophyte species. When analysis of nematode species composition was done by grouping species with decreasing abundance, a community structure was evident on macrophytes that grew in different parts of the lake. When the abundance of nematodes was taken into account, C. demersum, which grew in different parts of the lake, was not associated with a unique nematode functional structure, and different trophic groups of nematodes were dominant at different stations. Eutobrilus nothus was the dominant nematode species for station I and chewers were the dominant functional group. Eutobrilus nothus, Eumonhystera sp. 1 and Eumonhystera filiformis vulgaris group were abundant nematode species for station II and consequently chewers and detritus feeders dominated at different periods of the investigation. Nematodes from station III were characterised by the highest nematode abundance where Chromadorina bioculata was the dominant species, and epistrate feeders were the dominant functional group. A part of our previously published results was reanalysed in this paper to enable comparison of nematode communities established on C. demersum with those developed on M. spicatum. There was no difference in the nematode functional structure between macrophyte species at the same station when the abundance of dominant species was taken into account, i.e., the same trophic structure was established.

scholarly journals Windstorms as mediator of soil nematode community changes: Evidence from European spruce forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Renčo ◽  
A. Čerevková
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Forest Damage ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tatra National Park

Summary Nematode communities in a Norway spruce forest in High Tatra National Park, Slovakia were monitored for the period of several years (2006 and 2013). Unfortunately, in May 2014 natural windstorm damaged the forest. This disastrous event, together with preliminary obtained results allowed us to compare the direct impact of windstorm damage of forest habitat on soil nematode assemblages. The forest destruction by windstorm had a significant effect on the total nematode abundance, the abundance of omnivores and herbivores, as well as the nematode species diversity. The most dominant species, representing 55 % of the total nematode fauna, in the plot studied were Acrobeloides nanus followed by Malenchus exiguus, Filenchus vulgaris, Plectus communis, Plectus parvus and Tylencholaimus mirabilis. The abundance of bacterivorous signifi cantly increased after the windstorm, meanwhile the abundance of omnivores, fungivores, and herbivores ectoparasites and epidermal/root hair feeders showed an opposite trend. Of the evaluative indicators, Shannon species diversity (H’spp), maturity index (MI), maturity index 2-5 (MI2-5), sigma maturity index (ΣMI), enrichment index (EI) and structure index (SI) decreased significantly after windstorm. The EI and SI indexes characterized soil ecosystems before windstorm (2006 - 2013) as maturing with low or moderate disturbance, but soil ecosystems shortly after the windstorm (2014) were degraded and nutrient depleted. This also corresponded with graphical display of metabolic footprints characteristics of soil food web. Overall, the nematode communities differed significantly before and after forest damage. These results suggest the role of nematode communities as indicators of environment condition quality or its disruption.

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