Species distribution of free-living nematodes and other meiofauna in littoral periphyton communities of lakes

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Peters ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Deposit Feeders ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Total Fauna ◽  
Hard Substrates

AbstractRecent studies on meiofaunal and nematode communities have focused on soft sediments in streams, lakes and marine environments. Despite a large number of studies dealing with periphyton, meiofaunal and nematode communities, on littoral hard substrates in lakes have not yet been investigated in detail. Therefore, epilithic communities with particular emphasis on nematode species composition, were analysed in 17 Swedish lakes differing greatly in size, depth, trophic status and epilithic biomass. Nematode abundance ranged from 2.3 to 161.5 cm−2, and the abundance of nematodes relative to total meiofauna ranged from 20 to 77% (mean 53%). Fifty-eight nematode species were identified; species numbers varied from eight to 34 species per lake. The dominant species were Rhabdolaimus aquaticus, Punctodora ratzeburgensis, Eumonhystera dispar and Crocodorylaimus flavomaculatus. Deposit feeders dominated (71% of total fauna), followed by suction feeders (14%), epistrate feeders (12%) and chewers (3%). Of 3624 nematodes examined, 54% were juveniles, 35% females, 6% males and 5% gravid females. Multivariate analysis of the nematode species composition revealed significant differences in the community structures among lakes. This is the first study to show that meiofauna is a numerically abundant group within littoral periphyton communities in lakes, with nematodes representing the dominant group.

Seasonal distribution of abundance, biomass and secondary production of free-living nematodes and their community composition in different stream micro-habitats

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Brüchner-Hüttemann ◽  
Walter Traunspurger
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Feeding Types ◽  
Nematode Abundance

Summary The nematode communities of four different micro-habitats in an unpolluted first-order stream were investigated over a 13-month period in a study of the sediment and the biofilms on dead wood, macrophytes and leaf litter. Nematode abundances, biomass and secondary production were analysed, together with the species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity of the nematode communities of the micro-habitats. Differences between the investigated micro-habitats in terms of seasonal variations, species composition, proportion of feeding types and diversity were expected. The annual mean values of nematode abundance, biomass and secondary production differed significantly between the micro-habitats. Abundances were highest on dead wood, whereas biomass and secondary production were highest in sediment. In the sediment and on leaf litter, nematode abundance and biomass showed pronounced seasonal patterns. The largest contribution to the total secondary production of the stream was from sediment nematodes. In total, 108 nematode species were detected in the micro-habitats during the 13-month study. Comparisons between them revealed differences in nematode species composition. The annual mean species number was significantly higher in sediment and on leaf litter than on dead wood and macrophytes, whereas the annual mean Shannon-Wiener index was significantly higher in sediment than at all other micro-habitats. All micro-habitats in the studied stream, as well as the stream as a whole, were dominated by nematode species belonging to the deposit feeders. Our study clearly showed that the composition of nematode communities from different micro-habitats within a single stream reach can differ markedly.

Community development of free-living aquatic nematodes in littoral periphyton communities

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Traunspurger ◽  
Karl-Otto Rothhaupt ◽  
Lars Peters ◽  
Markus Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Introduced Substrates ◽  
Hard Substrates

AbstractThe development of an epilithic nematode community and the mode of colonisation was monitored over a 57-day period during spring in a field experiment in the littoral zone of a large oligotrophic lake. Two types of experimental units were used: one type prohibited direct colonisation via active crawling by elevating substrates into the water column and the second type had substrates placed on the lake bottom. Data from the two types of units and from nearby natural hard substrates were compared. The nematodes quickly colonised on the introduced substrates and reached maximum densities of 123 individuals per 10 cm2 after 57 days. Nematode densities on elevated and non-elevated substrates did not differ significantly. The nematode abundance and community structure showed a large initial variation, but became more stable over time and resembled the natural community structure at the end of the experiment. The maximum number of nematode species was reached after 2 weeks of colonisation, with a maximum species number on days 12 and 14 in the experimental units and on day 19 on the surrounding natural hard substrates. The five numerically dominant species, Eumonhystera vulgaris, Chromadorina bioculata, Eumonhystera filiformis, Chromadorina viridis and Daptonema dubium, accounted for most of the variation between the different communities. The results indicate that water-column transport was the main colonisation pathway of epilithic nematodes. The distribution of nematode species points to potential morphological adaptations of some species for persistence on hard substrates.

scholarly journals ФІТОПАРАЗИТИЧНІ НЕМАТОДИ ПРИРОДНИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ ЛІВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ПОЛІССЯ (У МЕЖАХ ЧЕРНІГІВСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
V. L. Shevchenko ◽  
T. M. Zhylina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Longidorus Elongatus ◽  
Eleven Species

The species composition, frequency of occurrence, and the abundance of phytohelminths in communities of soil nematodes in natural ecosystems of the Left-Bank Polissia (Chernihiv region) were studied. Samples were collected throughout 2011-2016 in forest and meadow ecosystems on the territory of Chernihivskyi, Horodnianskyi, Kozeletskyi, Koropskyi, Menskyi, Ripkynskyi, Sosnytskyi, Semenivskyi, Shchorskyi and Novhorod-Siverskyi districts. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann’s method from the 20-g sample. The exposition time was 48 h. Extracted nematodes were fixed in the triethanolamine–formalin (TAF, 2 % triethanolamine, 7 % formaldehyde solution, 91% water), and mounted on the temporary hydroglyceric slides. Nematode abundance was expressed as specimens per 100 g of dry soil. Seventeen species from three orders, ten families and fifteen genera were found. Eleven species (64.7 % of the species composition) belonged to the order of Tylenchida, four (23.5 %) – Triplonchida, two (11.8 %) – Dorylaimida. Eleven species (Gracilacus audriellus, Paratylenchus nanus, Tylenchorhynchus dubius, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Macroposthonia annulata, Diphtherophora communis, Trichodorus primitivus, Paratrichodorus teres, Paratrichodorus pachydermus, Longidorus elongatus, Xiphinema index) are ectoparasites, three species (Ditylenchus dipsaci, Pratylenchus pratensis, Hirschmaniella gracilis) – endoparasites, and three species (Hemicycliophora sp., Heterodera sp. 1, Heterodera sp. 2) – semiendoparasites. Phytohelminths in communities of soil nematodes in forest ecosystems ranged from 9.4 to 26.3 %. But in meadow ecosystems of the Mezin National Nature Park it was a dominant group (proportion in the community 47%). The most frequent species were G. audriellus, H. dihystera and T. dubius which occurred in 33.3 %, 33.3 % and 28.3 % of samples respectively. P. nanus, D. dipsaci, P. pratensis та D. communis – had frequency of occurrence 15 – 20%. Ten species of phytohelminths were found in 1–4 ecosystems (1.7–6.7%). G. audriellus and H. dihystera were abundant (124 and 56 specimens per 100 g of soil respectively).

scholarly journals УГРУПОВАННЯ ПІДСТИЛКОВИХ НЕМАТОД ЛІСІВ МЕЗИНСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИРОДНОГО ПАРКУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
T. M. Zhylina ◽  
V. L. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Formaldehyde Solution ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
June July ◽  
Exposition Time

The taxonomic structure of the nematodes and the thickness in the forest litter of the Mezin National Nature Park were studied. Samples were collected during 2008-2010 and 2014 (June – July) in 21 forest ecosystems. Nematodes were extracted by a modified Baermann's method from the sample of 5 g. The exposition time was 48 h. Extracted nematodes were fixed in the triethanolamine–formalin (TAF, 2 % triethanolamine, 7 % formaldehyde solution, 91 % water), and mounted on the temporary hydroglyceric slides. To describe the taxonomic structure of nematode communities we calculated the proportion of each order (family) in the community as the ratio (in %) of the individuals of each order (family) to the total number of nematodes. 46 nematode species belonging to 36 genera, 21 families and 10 orders were identified. The average number of nematodes was 4256 per 100 g of substrate. The number of nematodes varied from 220 to 11920 specimens per 100 g in separate samples. Most of the identified species (78.26 %) belong to the four orders: Tylenchida (10 species), Plectida (9 species), Rhabditida (9 species), Dorylaimida (8 species) or 21.74 %, 19.57 %, 19.57 % and 17.39 % of the species composition, respectively. The orders of Enoplida, Triplonchida, Araeolaimida, Mononchida, Monhysterida and Teratocephalida are represented by 1 to 2 species (4.35 – 2.17 % of the total number of identified species). In terms of quantitative representation, species of Plectida are dominant (proportion in the community 43.15 %). This proportion was 2.5 times higher than the number of representatives of Tylenchida (17.07 %), Dorylaimida (17.01 %) and Rhabditida (16.44 %). Comparatively, the largest number of species found belong to the families Plectidae (9 species), Cephalobidae (6 species), and Tylenchidae (5 species). Only six nematode families were represented in the forest litter samples, namely: Plectidae (with proportion in the community 43.15 %), Dorylaimidae (with proportion in the community 13.74 %), Aphelenchoididae (with 8.99 %), Panagrolaimidae (with 8.17 %), Tylenchidae (with 5.90 %), Mesorhabditidae (with 5.48 %).

Free-living nematode communities in a large and deep oligotrophic lake in Europe: comparison of different depth zones of Lake Constance (Germany)

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
Walter Traunspurger ◽  
André Witthöft-Mühlmann ◽  
Sebastian Höss
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
Lake Constance ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Wet Weight

Summary This study investigated the abundance, biomass, species richness, species distribution and feeding types of free-living nematodes in Lake Constance, a deep, oligotrophic lake in Germany. Three water depth zones, the sublittoral (13-30 m water depth), profundal (31-99 m) and deep profundal (100-250 m), were distinguished and 16 sites from each water depth zone were sampled. A high nematode species richness was determined at all three zones, with 129 species in the sublittoral, 113 in the profundal and 92 in the deep profundal. In total, 171 nematode species were identified in this study. The dominant species (relative abundance > 5%) in all water depths were Ethmolaimus pratensis, Eumonhystera filiformis, E. longicaudatula, E. vulgaris and E. andrassyi, Hofmaenneria brachystoma, Ironus tenuicaudatus, Monhystera paludicola/stagnalis, Prismatolaimus intermedius and Tobrilus gracilis. High mean densities of 507-730 indiv. 10 cm−2 were found at each water depth, with a mean overall density of 627 indiv. 10 cm−2. The high abundance resulted in a high mean biomass (1.19 mg wet weight 10 cm−2; range 0.92-1.37 mg wet weight 10 cm−2) for nematodes in Lake Constance. Deposit feeders were the dominant feeding type at all water depth zones (51.7%), followed by epistrate feeders (17.6%), chewers-omnivores (15.9%) and chewers-predators (11.0%). Suction feeders accounted for <4% in the lake as a whole. The structure of the nematode communities in the three zones correlated with sediment texture (water content, clay content), as well as total sulphur and nutrient-related parameters (ATP, bacteria, algae, C:N ratio).

scholarly journals Species Composition and Structure of the Communities of Plant-Parasitic and Free-Living Soil Nematodes in the Greenhouses of Botanical Gardens of Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Gubin ◽  
D.D. Sigareva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

Abstract Species Composition and Structure of the Communities of Plant-Parasitic and Free-Living Soil Nematodes in the Greenhouses of Botanical Gardens of Ukraine. Gubin, A. I., Sigareva, D. D. — In greenhouses of botanical gardens of Ukraine 81 species of nematodes were found. The richest by the number of species was Tylenchida order that was presented by 25 species (31 % of species composition). The dominant group of nematodes was plant-parasitic (most frequent was Rotylenchus robustus (de Man, 1876) Filipjev, 1936 and Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid et White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949). The group of saprobiotic nematodes, which was presented by 52 species (64 %), appeared to be the richest by the number of species. It is shown, that formation of nematode communities in greenhouses of botanical gardens was caused by the interaction of many related factors, crucial of which is the composition of plant collections. The structure of communities is quite constant and almost independent of the quantity of nematodes species. Plant-parasitic species dominate by the number and frequency of detection, and represent a kind of a core of nematode communities.

scholarly journals Communities of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in Slovakia

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lišková ◽  
M. Renčo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Plant Parasitic

AbstractA total of 61 nematode species belonging into 48 genera was identified in soil of nine localities of hop gardens in Slovakia. From free living soil nematodes the most abundant were the genus Rhabditis-eudominant taxon, species Aphelenchus avenae — dominant taxon, the species Cephalobus persegnis, Chiloplacus propinquus, Aglenchus agricola, Nothotylenchus acris, Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus and genus Eudorylaimus were subdominant taxa. Only ten species of plant parasitic nematodes were observed — Ditylenchus dipsaci, Bitylenchus dubius, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus canadensis, H. digonicus, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. pratensis, Heterodera humuli, and Paratylenchus bukowinensis. Bitylenchus dubius and Merlinius brevidens belonged to dominant taxa, the species Heterodera humuli and Helicotylenchus digonicus to subdominant taxa. The occurrence of Heterodera humuli cysts was recorded at all localities studied, and the occurrence of H. humuli larvae in soil during autumn indicates that possibly more than one generation of the parasite have developed within one vegetation period. The proportion of individual trophic groups in nematode communities of hop gardens was characterised by the prevalence of bacterial feeders followed by plant parasites. The ecological characteristics used for ecological evaluation, especially Maturity Index and Plant Parasitic Index/Maturity Index, indicate a more disturbed environment. Although hop is a perennial plant, the structure and ecology of its nematode communities is more similar to the agricultural ecosystems with a higher level of agricultural practices.

Dispersal of free-living nematodes.

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-184
Author(s):  
Christoph Ptatscheck ◽  
Birgit Gansfort
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Original Habitat ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract This chapter considers the possible reasons underlying the ubiquity of nematodes and their high abundances in nearly all of their habitats. It discusses three phases of dispersal. The first section considers the drivers and mechanisms of the emigration of nematodes from their original habitat. The second section outlines active and passive modes of transfer and provides estimates of transfer distances. In the last section, immigration is addressed, including an overview of the density and species composition in developing nematode communities during colonization.

Composition of soil nematode communities in native birch forests in Central Europe

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Renčo ◽  
Václav Čermák ◽  
Andrea Čerevková
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Ecological Evaluation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Bacterial Decomposition ◽  
Nematode Abundance ◽  
Birch Forests

Soil nematodes were studied in 27 birch forests in the Slovak and Czech Republics. A total of 66 nematode genera were found. The eudominant nematode genera were Rhabditis and Aphelenchoides, followed by dominant genera Cephalobus, Paratylenchus, Plectus, Helicotylenchus and Aglenchus. Nevertheless, only Rhabditis, Cephalobus, Plectus and Aphelenchoides were recorded in all investigated birch stands. The highest nematode abundance was recorded in the birch forest situated in the Drahanská Highland (the Czech Republic). All nematode trophic groups were present in the investigated birch forests, with bacteriovores being the dominant group, followed by plant-parasitic nematodes, fungal feeders, root-fungal feeders, omnivores and predators. Ecological evaluation of nematode communities based on ecological indices demonstrated that the conditions of the nematode communities in birch forests were rather stable with prevailing bacterial decomposition pathways, which reflects the dominance of bacteriovorous nematodes.

Nematodes of Lake Constance, Germany, with special reference to littoral communities of a river mouth area

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Witthöft-Mühlmann ◽  
Walter Traunspurger ◽  
Karl Otto Rothhaupt
Keyword(s):  
River Mouth ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Mouth Area ◽  
Lake Constance ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Deposit Feeders ◽  
River Mouth Area ◽  
Nematode Diversity

AbstractSix sites within the littoral habitat of Lake Constance in Germany were studied from February 1999 to January 2000 in order to determine the influence of the inflowing River Schussen on local nematode assemblages. The sites were selected to represent a gradient of river influence within the broader river mouth area. The area as a whole was found to be rich in nematode diversity, with 106 nematode species identified. The nematode communities recorded ranged in density from 121 to 165 individuals/10 cm2 and in biomass from 108 to 503 μg wet weight/10 cm2. They were also shown to vary in terms of feeding ecology, with significant differences in the proportions of feeding types occurring among site. Deposit feeders were most abundant, followed by chewers, although the latter dominated in terms of biomass. Epistrate feeders were less common and suction feeders rare. The occurrence of epistrate feeders was linked to the concentration of algal pigment, whereas records of deposit feeders and chewers correlated with bacterial density and organic carbon content. The characters of the different nematode communities in the vicinity of the river mouth were found to reflect the transitional nature of the study area.

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