scholarly journals The conglutination phenomenon. III. The conglutinating complement absorption test in experimental glanders

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Hole ◽  
R. R. A. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody Titre ◽  
Detectable Serum

1. Observations on the sera of ponies, taken at frequent intervals for 321 days after oral administration of P. mallei, are described.2. It was found that the conglutinating complement absorption test was more sensitive than the haemolytic complement fixation test as a means of diagnosis. It detected the antibodies earlier in the course of the disease and demonstrated their presence over a longer period of time.3. The possibility of another practical use of this reaction as an adjunct to the allergic test is considered. Ten days after an intradermo-palpebral test a pony, which had been previously sensitized and whose serum antibody titre at that time was below 10, developed a serum titre of over 160 as demonstrated by the conglutinating complement absorption test. Under similar circumstances 11 unsensitized ponies developed no detectable serum antibodies.

scholarly journals The conglutination phenomenon. II. The technique of the conglutinating complement absorption test compared with the haemolytic complement fixation test

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Hole ◽  
R. R. A. Coombs
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Absorption Test

1. A brief introduction has been given to the conglutination reaction.2. The technique used by us for carrying out the conglutinating complement absorption test has been described in detail and compared with that used for the haemolytic complement fixation test.

scholarly journals Variation in complement-fixing activity of Rickettsia burneti during egg adaptation

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. P. Stoker
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
High Dilutions

1. The haemolytic complement-fixation test and the conglutinating complement-absorption test, as well as the agglutination reaction and the antiglobulin sensitization test, have been used to study a change which occurs during egg adaptation of the Christie strain of R. burneti.2. Antigens were prepared from yolk sacs of the third to the ninth passages inclusive. Irrespective of numbers of rickettsiae, antigens from the third and fourth passage failed to fix complement with homologous (human) antiserum, unless the latter was in very low dilution. From the fifth passage, however, antigens fixed complement with high dilutions of the same antiserum and thus resembled the classical Henzerling strain antigen.3. Third-passage antigen failed to fix conglutinating as well as haemolytic complement with high serum dilutions. The agglutination reaction and antiglobulin test, however, showed that third-passage antigen absorbed antibody almost as well as ninth-passage and Henzerling strain antigens.4. It was not possible to find out if the change in behaviour was due to a true antigenic variation or to non-specific hindrance of complement absorption. Heating failed to alter the behaviour of the antigens and the results of absorption tests were inconclusive.

Immunological Studies on Experimental Infection of Pigs with Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. V.—The Antibody Response to the Oral Administration of Third- and Fourth-Stage Larvae

1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Taffs
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Saline Extract ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Serum Antibody Titre

Following the oral administration of third- and fourth-stage A. suum larvae, which had previously completed nine or ten days somatic migration in guineapigs, rabbits or a pig, six out of eight pigs showed a rise of serum antibody titre, as measured by the conglutinating complement absorption test using a saline extract of Ascaris worm as antigen. Four of these pigs had negative titres before infection, and in these animals antibodies were first detected between the 14th and 20th days. Maximum serum antibody concentration was reached between the 14th and 34th days of infection, and antibodies were detected for at least as long as 68 days.Larvae were recovered from the faeces on the 23rd and 29th days of infection, and in two pigs out of eight the larvae reached maturity, eggs first being seen in the faeces on the 42nd day.The results suggest that (1) Ascaris larvae, on their return to the intestine, release antigenic substances which are then absorbed by the gut wall to stimulate the production of antibodies; (2) the secondary antibody rise, which occurs about the sixth or seventh week of an infection with Ascaris eggs, is due to the absorption of this larval antigen; and (3) the moulting process (fourth moult) is not only an important stage for stimulating this further antibody production, but is also the time when maturing larvae are affected by the immune mechanisms of the host.On reinfection with Ascaris eggs the phenomenon of “self-cure” was noticed. A fall in the faecal egg count, which became negative on the 21st day, was accompanied by a sharp rise in antibody titre. An increase in the number of infertile eggs in the faeces, rising from 11% on the day of reinfection to 100% on the 14th day, was also observed.

scholarly journals The conglutination phenomenon: IV. The importance of the choice of complement when examining antisera for the presence of complement-fixing or complement-absorbing antibodies

1948 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. A. Coombs ◽  
N. H. Hole
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Early Results

1. Anti-mallein and anti-typhoid sera produced in various animal species, including man, have been examined for complement-absorbing antibodies using the complements of the pig, horse, cat, man, dog, and guinea-pig, which is possible if use is made of the conglutinating complement-absorption test as well as the haemolytic complement-fixation test.2. Complement-fixing antibodies which are not demonstrable when some complements are used may be detected when other complements are used; for example, antibodies to mallein in human antisera were only detected when the sera were tested with horse and cat complements.3. These early results are published at this stage because of the obvious possible application of these methods in laboratory serological diagnosis. Further work is in progress to elucidate the underlying reasons for these observations.4. The implications of the results are discussed from the practical and theoretical aspects.

Mumps Antibody: Placental Transfer and Disappearance During the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
David Hodes ◽  
Philip A. Brunell
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Mumps neutralizing antibody was transferred quantitatively across the placenta. Antibody was still detectable (≥ 1:2) in 18 of 19 infants at 2 months of age. The finding of antibody in 13 of 19 infants at 5 months of age probably accounted for the failure to immunize infants at this age successfully in previous studies. Neutralizing antibody was not detectable sera of any of the 18 infants who were tested at 1 year of age. Although serum antibody during the early months of life was presumably all IgG since it was passively acquired, the neutralization test appeared to be far more sensitive than the complement fixation test for the determination of mumps antibody.

Procedure for Modified Complement Fixation Test with Turkey, Duck, and Chicken Serum Antibody

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen P. Brumfield ◽  
Harold Benson ◽  
Benjamin S. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Chicken Serum

scholarly journals The conglutination phenomenon. V. Further experiments on the importance of the choice of complement when examining antisera for the presence of complement-fixing or complement-absorbing antibodies

1949 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Blomfield ◽  
R. R. A. Coombs ◽  
N. H. Hole
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Fixation Test ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Homologous Antigen

1. Anti-mallein sera produced in thirteen species of mammals (including man) and one species of bird have been examined by the haemolytic complement fixation test using guinea-pig complement, and by the conglutinating complement absorption test using pig, horse and cat complements. Two methods of fixation have been used and compared, namely, fixation for half an hour at room temperature and fixation overnight at 4° C.2. The complement of the horse proved to be the most sensitive in nearly every case in demonstrating the specific antibodies in the different sera; in the few instances where it was not markedly the most sensitive it was for practical purposes the equal of any other complement used, independent of the method of fixation. This is clearly indicated in the text figures.3. The effects of overnight fixation on the titres obtained with the different complements are discussed.4. The sera of six fowls inoculated with mallein failed to show fixation of any of the four complements in the presence of the homologous antigen. The presence of immune bodies was demonstrated however by the Indirect Complement Fixation technique of Rice (1948b).

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