scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G, A and M response to influenza vaccination in different age groups: effects of priming and boosting

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. P. Beyer ◽  
Jos T. M. Van Der Logt ◽  
Ruud van Beek ◽  
Nic Masurel
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Antibody Capture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

SUMMARYFifty volunteers, treated with an inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine containing A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2), A/Brazil/11/78 (H1N1) and B/Singapore/222/79 virus, were subdivided according to the estimated first exposure to influenza in their lifetime (priming) and the presence of antibodies against the vaccine components in the pre-vaccination sera. The isotypic antibody response (IgG, IgA, IgM) was determined by means of an antibody capture haemadsorption immunosorbent technique. For all three vaccine components, previously seropositive subjects produced antibodies of the IgG- and IgA-class more frequently than previously seronegative persons. Subjects primed to one of the influenza A subtypes showed more IgG and IgA responses in comparison with those unprimed (prime-effect). In contrast, IgM antibodies occurred in only 19 and 11% of primed, but in 59 and 54% of unprimed subjects, for A (H3N2) and A (HlNl), respectively. The incidence of IgM titre rises was not influenced by the prevaccination state. However, the mean magnitude of anti-A(H1N1)-IgM titre rises was greater in those previously seronegative. The concepts of primary and reinfection and of ‘original antigenic sin’ are discussed, and it is suggested that age and, if possible, serological state prior to antigen-exposure should be taken into account when studying isotypic antibody responses after influenza infection or vaccination.

scholarly journals Trivalent influenza vaccine-induced antibody response to circulating influenza a (H3N2) viruses in 2010/11 and 2011/12 seasons

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Hiroi ◽  
Saeko Morikawa ◽  
Keiko Nakata ◽  
Akiko Maeda ◽  
Tsuneji Kanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine

scholarly journals Age-specific differences in the dynamics of protective immunity to influenza

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Ranjeva ◽  
Rahul Subramanian ◽  
Vicky J. Fang ◽  
Gabriel M. Leung ◽  
Dennis K. M. Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin ◽  
Changes Over Time

AbstractInfluenza A viruses evolve rapidly to escape host immunity, such that individuals can be infected multiple times with the same subtype. The form and duration of protective immunity after each influenza infection are poorly understood. Here, we quantify the dynamics of protective immunity against influenza A virus infections by fitting individual-level mechanistic models to longitudinal serology from children and adults in a household cohort study. We find that most protection in children is explained by antibody titers measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. In contrast, in adults, HI antibody titers explain a smaller fraction of protection. Protection against circulating strains wanes to approximately 50% of peak levels 3.5-7 years after infection in both age groups, and wanes faster against influenza A(H3N2) than A(H1N1)pdm09. Protection against H3N2 lasts longer in adults than in children. Our results suggest that the focus of influenza antibody responses changes over time from the highly mutable hemagglutinin head to other epitopes, consistent with the immunological theory of original antigenic sin, and that this change of focus might affect protection. Additionally, we estimate that imprinting, or primary infection with a subtype of one phylogenetic group, has little to no effect on the risk of non-medically attended influenza infections in adults. We also find no evidence of long-term cross-protection between subtypes. This work underscores the need for longitudinal data on multiple components of the immune response to better understand the development of immunity and differences in susceptibility within populations.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of seasonal 2012/13 vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza infection in primary care in the United Kingdom: mid-season analysis 2012/13

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J McMenamin ◽  
N Andrews ◽  
C Robertson ◽  
D M Fleming ◽  
H Durnall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine

The early experience of the United Kingdom (UK) is that influenza B has dominated the influenza 2012/13 season. Overall trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) against all laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care was 51% (95% confidence interval (CI): 27% to 68%); TIV adjusted VE against influenza A alone or influenza B alone was 49% (95% CI: -2% to 75%) and 52% (95% CI: 23% to 70%) respectively. Vaccination remains the best protection against influenza.

scholarly journals Original antigenic sin priming of influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17221-17227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia P. Arevalo ◽  
Valerie Le Sage ◽  
Marcus J. Bolton ◽  
Theresa Eilola ◽  
Jennifer E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Universal Vaccine ◽  
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin ◽  
Stalk Domain ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

Immunity to influenza viruses can be long-lived, but reinfections with antigenically distinct viral strains and subtypes are common. Reinfections can boost antibody responses against viral strains first encountered in childhood through a process termed “original antigenic sin.” It is unknown how initial childhood exposures affect the induction of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk domain of influenza viruses. This is an important consideration since broadly reactive HA stalk antibodies can protect against infection, and universal vaccine platforms are being developed to induce these antibodies. Here we show that experimentally infected ferrets and naturally infected humans establish strong “immunological imprints” against HA stalk antigens first encountered during primary influenza virus infections. We found that HA stalk antibodies are surprisingly boosted upon subsequent infections with antigenically distinct influenza A virus subtypes. Paradoxically, these heterosubtypic-boosted HA stalk antibodies do not bind efficiently to the boosting influenza virus strain. Our results demonstrate that an individual’s HA stalk antibody response is dependent on the specific subtype of influenza virus that they first encounter early in life. We propose that humans are susceptible to heterosubtypic influenza virus infections later in life since these viruses boost HA stalk antibodies that do not bind efficiently to the boosting antigen.

scholarly journals Earliest infections predict the age distribution of seasonal influenza A cases

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Arevalo ◽  
Huong Q McLean ◽  
Edward A Belongia ◽  
Sarah Cobey
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

Seasonal variation in the age distribution of influenza A cases suggests that factors other than age shape susceptibility to medically attended infection. We ask whether these differences can be partly explained by protection conferred by childhood influenza infection, which has lasting impacts on immune responses to influenza and protection against new influenza A subtypes (phenomena known as original antigenic sin and immune imprinting). Fitting a statistical model to data from studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), we find that primary infection appears to reduce the risk of medically attended infection with that subtype throughout life. This effect is stronger for H1N1 compared to H3N2. Additionally, we find evidence that VE varies with both age and birth year, suggesting that VE is sensitive to early exposures. Our findings may improve estimates of age-specific risk and VE in similarly vaccinated populations and thus improve forecasting and vaccination strategies to combat seasonal influenza.

Effects of a Taiji and Qigong Intervention on the Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Jay Verkuilen ◽  
Karl S. Rosengren ◽  
Rachel A. Mariani ◽  
Michael Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Wait List Control ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
H1n1 Strain ◽  
Time Point

Previous studies have suggested that Taiji practice may improve immune function. This study was intended to examine whether 5 months of moderate Taiji and Qigong (TQ) practice could improve the immune response to influenza vaccine in older adults. Fifty older adults (mean age 77.2 ± 1.3 years) participated in this study (TQ N = 27; wait-list control [CON] N = 23). Baseline pre-vaccine blood samples were collected. All subjects then received the 2003–2004 influenza vaccine during the first week of the intervention. Post-vaccine blood samples were collected 3, 6 and 20 weeks post-intervention for analysis of anti-influenza hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. We found a significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the magnitude and duration of the antibody response to influenza vaccine in TQ participants when compared to CON. The vaccination resulted in a 173, 130, and 109% increase in HI titer at 3, 6, and 20 weeks post-vaccine, respectively, in the TQ group compared to 58, 54, and 10% in CON. There was a significant between group difference at 3 and 20 weeks post-vaccine and at 20 weeks the TQ group had significantly higher titers compared to the pre-vaccine time point, whereas the CON group did not. A higher percentage of TQ subjects also responded to the influenza A strains with a protective (> 40HI) antibody response (37% TQ vs. 20% CON for the H1N1 strain and 56% TQ vs. 45% CON for the H3N2 strain), but the differences between groups were not statistically significant. Traditional TQ practice improves the antibody response to influenza vaccine in older adults, but further study is needed to determine whether the enhanced response is sufficient to provide definitive protection from influenza infection.

scholarly journals Earliest infections predict the age distribution of seasonal influenza A cases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Arevalo ◽  
Huong Q. McLean ◽  
Edward A. Belongia ◽  
Sarah Cobey
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

AbstractSeasonal variation in the age distribution of influenza A cases suggests that factors other than age shape susceptibility to medically attended infection. We ask whether these differences can be partly explained by protection conferred by childhood influenza infection, which has lasting impacts on immune responses to influenza and protection against new influenza A subtypes (phenomena known as original antigenic sin and immune imprinting). Fitting a statistical model to data from studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), we find that primary infection appears to reduce the risk of medically attended infection with that subtype throughout life. This effect is stronger for H1N1 compared to H3N2. Additionally, we find evidence that VE varies with both age and birth year, suggesting that VE is sensitive to early exposures. Our findings may improve estimates of age-specific risk and VE in similarly vaccinated populations and thus improve forecasting and vaccination strategies to combat seasonal influenza.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of seasonal 2010/11 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccines in preventing influenza infection in the United Kingdom: mid-season analysis 2010/11

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pebody ◽  
P Hardelid ◽  
D M Fleming ◽  
J McMenamin ◽  
N Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Monovalent Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

This study provides mid-season estimates of the effectiveness of 2010/11 trivalent influenza vaccine and previous vaccination with monovalent influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccine in preventing confirmed influenza A(H1N1)2009 infection in the United Kingdom in the 2010/11 season. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness was 34% (95% CI: -10 - 60%) if vaccinated only with monovalent vaccine in the 2009/10 season; 46% (95% CI: 7 - 69%) if vaccinated only with trivalent influenza vaccine in the 2010/11 season and 63% (95% CI: 37 - 78%) if vaccinated in both seasons.

scholarly journals Vaccine effectiveness for influenza in the elderly in welfare nursing homes during an influenza A (H3N2) epidemic

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. DEGUCHI ◽  
Y. TAKASUGI ◽  
K. NISHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Trivalent Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Homes For The Elderly ◽  
Vaccine Effect

Influenza vaccine effect on the occurrence and severity of influenza virus infection in a population residing in nursing homes for the elderly was studied as a cohort study during an influenza A (H3N2) epidemic in Japan. Of 22462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10739 voluntarily received inactivated, sub-unit trivalent influenza vaccine in a programme supported by the Osaka Prefectural Government. There were statistically significantly fewer cases of influenza, hospital admissions due to severe infection, and deaths due to influenza in the vaccinated cohort compared to the unvaccinated controls. No serious adverse reactions to vaccination were recorded. Thus influenza vaccination is effective for preventing influenza disease in persons aged 65 years and over, and should be an integral part of the care of this population residing in nursing homes.

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