scholarly journals Vi serology in screening of typhoid carriers: improved specificity by detection of Vi antibodies by counterimmunoelectrophoresis

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. Chau ◽  
R. S. W. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Passive Haemagglutination ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Radio Immunoassay ◽  
Typhoid Carrier ◽  
Vi Antigen ◽  
Precipitation Test

SUMMARYA purified soluble Vi antigen was used in counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE), passive haemagglutination (HA) and solid phase radio-immunoassay (SPRIA) for detection of serum Vi antibody. Serum Vi antibody was detected in 13 of 14 chronic typhoid carriers by both CIE and HA. SPRIA studies showed that Vi antibodies in sera of these carriers were mainly of the IgG class. Successful treatment with amoxycillin in one carrier, who initially showed a positive Vi test, resulted in a reversion in 6 months to seronegativity as measured by Vi CIE. However, Vi antibody was also detected in 10 sera (3%) from 329 control subjects by HA but not by CIE. When the CIE assay was applied to 1030 serum specimens obtained from hospitalized patients, it was able to detect one typhoid carrier, but one (0·1%) non-carrier also gave a positive Vi CIE test. It is thus concluded that Vi CIE is more specific and no less sensitive than Vi HA for the detection of the typhoid carrier state. The finding by SPRIA that the anti-Vi antibodies present in typhoid carriers' sera were mainly of the IgG class further justified the use of CIE as a precipitation test for their detection.

Prevalence of Hyponatremia and Its Associated Morbimortality in Hospitalized Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Gómez-Hoyos ◽  
Martín Cuesta ◽  
Nayade Del Prado-González ◽  
Pilar Matía ◽  
Natalia Pérez-Ferre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Background: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia (HN) and its associated morbimortality in hospitalized patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods: A retrospective study including 222 patients receiving total PN (parenteral nutrition group [PNG]) over a 7-month period in a tertiary hospital and 176 matched to 179 control subjects without PN (control subjects group [CSG]). Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), date of HN detection-(serum sodium or SNa <135 mmol/L)-intrahospital mortality, and hospital length-of-stay (LOS) were registered. In the PNG, body mass index (BMI) and SNa before, during, and after PN were recorded. Results: HN was more prevalent in the PNG: 52.8 vs. 35.8% (p = 0.001), and independent of age, gender, or CCI (OR 1.8 [95% CI 1.1-2.8], p = 0.006). In patients on PN, sustained HN (75% of all intraindividual SNa <135 mmol/L) was associated with a higher mortality rate independent of age, gender, CCI, or BMI (OR 7.38 [95% CI 1.07-50.8], p = 0.042). The absence of HN in PN patients was associated with a shorter hospital LOS (<30 days) and was independent of other comorbidities (OR 3.89 [95% CI 2.11-7.18], p = 0.001). Conclusions: HN is more prevalent in patients on PN. Sustained HN is associated with a higher intrahospital mortality rate. Absence of HN is associated with a shorter hospital LOS.

scholarly journals Successful Treatment of Typhoid Carrier with Penicillin and Sulphamerazine

BMJ ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 1 (4605) ◽  
pp. 615-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rumball ◽  
L. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Typhoid Carrier

Efficacy of Rifampin in Eliminating Pharyngeal Carriage of Haemophilus influenzae Type b

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Eugene D. Shapiro ◽  
Ellen R. Wald
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk

Household contacts less than 6 years of age of children with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis are at increased risk of developing systemic H influenzae type b disease. Positive oropharyngeal cultures for H influenzae type b were found in 17/97 patients (18%) and 7/62 staff members (11%) at a chronic care facility at which two patients had developed ampicillin-resistant H influenzae type b meningitis. H influenzae type b colonization was eliminated in 8/9 carriers treated with a single daily oral dose of rifampin, 20 mg/kg/day (maximum 600 mg) for four days; colonization persisted in 9/10 control subjects (Fisher's exact test P &lt; .001; corrected X2 P &lt; .005). After treatment of additional H influenzae type b-positive individuals and the remaining control subjects, rifampin was found to have eradicated H influenzae type b in a total of 24/25 carriers (96%). All isolates of H influenzae type b were sensitive to rifampin at either 0.5 or 1.0 µg/ml. Rifampin is effective in eliminating the H influenzae type b carrier state and may be useful in preventing associated H influenzae type b disease in close contacts of children with H influenzae type b meningitis.

scholarly journals The Chronic Typhoid Carrier: I. The Natural Course of the Carrier State

1948 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1675-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Littman ◽  
J. A. Vaichulis ◽  
A. C. Ivy ◽  
R. Kaplan ◽  
W. H. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Carrier State ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Typhoid Carrier

Quantitative Bacteriology of the Typhoid Carrier State *

1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Merselis ◽  
C. Stephen Connolly ◽  
Donald Kaye ◽  
Edward W. Hook
Keyword(s):  
Carrier State ◽  
Typhoid Carrier

scholarly journals Glycomics analysis of serum: a potential new biomarker for ovarian cancer?

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. LEISEROWITZ ◽  
C. LEBRILLA ◽  
S. MIYAMOTO ◽  
H. J. AN ◽  
H. DUONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

We recently reported the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) Fourier transformation mass spectrometry (FTMS) techniques to identify unique glycan markers in ovarian cancer cell lines which may be biomarkers for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Glycan markers and CA125 levels are compared in a series of ovarian cancer patients and normal control subjects. Oligosaccharides (OS) were cleaved from the serum glycoproteins and isolated using solid phase extraction. MALDI–FTMS was then used to identify unique mass spectrometry (MS) peaks. Sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were calculated to measure the test performance of glycan markers. Sixteen unique OS MS signals were identified in ovarian cancer patient sera. Their additive mass/charge intensities were used to determine their presence or absence. The ovarian cancer patients varied in their disease status, with initial cancer stages ranging from IC to IV. Forty-four of 48 patients had detectable OS signals, with CA125 values between 2 and 17,044. Four patients had undetectable signals and their CA125 ranged between 7 and 10. Twenty-three of 24 control subjects had no detectable glycan markers, with CA125 levels between 10 and 64. Sensitivity and specificity values were determined to be 91.6% and 95.8%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for all 72 samples was 0.954 (95% CI: 0.896, 1.0) using the glycomics assay, which was superior to CA125 in discriminating between cases and controls. This preliminary study suggests that glycomics profiling may be useful for the detection of ovarian cancer

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