Influence of phylogeny on jugular fossa shape and otological disorders

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (11) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsunobu Tsunoda ◽  
Mari Yamada ◽  
Atsushi Komatsuzaki
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

AbstractWe examined the shape of the jugular fossa and its protrusion into the tympanic cavity in 51 human skulls and in 355 various monkey skulls. All human specimens had a dome-shaped fossa, and the right fossa was larger than the left in 60 per cent of the specimens. Fossae protruded into the tympanic cavity in 20 per cent of these specimens.In contrast, none of the monkey specimens had a dome-shaped fossa. Some monkeys had saucershaped jugular fossa; the frequency of such fossa became higher as phylogeny progressed. Furthermore, the jugular fossae in monkeys did not protrude into the tympanic cavity. The shapes of both the jugular fossa and sulcus of the transverse sinus were generally symmetrical.The shape of the jugular fossa and its positional relationship to the tympanic cavity were considered from the viewpoint of the influence of phylogeny and the possible relationship to various otological problems.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Jugular Foramen and Jugular Fossa of Dried Adult Human Skulls and Its Clinical Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Govindarajan Amudha ◽  
Chandrasekaran Nandhini Aishwarya ◽  
Deborah Joy Hepzibah ◽  
Vaujapuri Anandhavadivel Kesavan ◽  
Anaimalai Kandavadivelu Manicka Vasuki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Inferior Petrosal Sinus ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Jugular foramen is one of the most fascinating foramina of the human skull. It is a complex, irregular bony canal located between the occipital bone and petrous part of the temporal bone. Many important structures, like 9th, 10th, 11th cranial nerves, meningeal branch of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries, internal jugular vein, and inferior petrosal sinus, are passing through it. The jugular fossa has a septum and a dome. The septum divides the foramen into two compartments: anteromedial compartment (pars nervosa) and posterolateral compartment (pars vascularis). The dome contains superior bulb of internal jugular vein. The architecture of the foramen varies in size, shape, and laterality besides differences related to sex and race. The morphometric measurements of jugular foramen are very important for neurosurgeries and head and neck surgeries. Objectives The aim of the present study is to study the morphology of jugular foramen along with its dimensions, compartments, presence of partial or complete septa and dome. Materials and Methods A total number of 60 jugular foramina were examined from 30 adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from the Department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. Measurements were taken using Digital Vernier calipers. Results were analyzed statistically. Results The length, width, and surface area of jugular foramen of right side were measured and compared with the left side. Length and width of the jugular foramen was significantly higher on the right side. The presence of partial septum was found in 27 skulls (90%) on the right side and 29 skulls (99.7%) on the left side, respectively. Dome was present in 100% of the jugular foramina on the right side and 90% of the jugular foramina on the left side. Separate opening for inferior petrosal sinus was found in eight skulls (27%) on the right side and four skulls (13%) on the left side. Conclusion This study provides a clear understanding of anatomy of jugular foramen and supports the reported morphometric variations. The morphometric variations of jugular foramen in the parameters of the skull are probably due to ethnic and racial factors. Knowledge of these variations is important for neurosurgeons and radiologists who deal with space occupying lesions of the structures surrounding jugular foramen. This study may be helpful for ENT surgeons while performing middle ear surgeries.

Gradual dilatation of an occluded transverse sinus associated with dural arteriovenous fistula after balloon angioplasty with sinus packing: A case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110415
Author(s):  
Takuya Osuki ◽  
Hiroyuki Ikeda ◽  
Tomoko Hayashi ◽  
Silsu Park ◽  
Minami Uezato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Balloon Angioplasty ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Sigmoid Sinus ◽  
Shunt Flow ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
The Right

Background There is no consensus as to whether balloon angioplasty alone or stent placement is effective for sinus occlusion associated with dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF). Herein, we first report a case of transverse sinus occlusion associated with DAVF in which gradual sinus dilatation was observed after balloon angioplasty with embolization of the affected sinus with shunt flow. Case presentation A 69-year-old man presented with executive dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed left transverse sinus–sigmoid sinus DAVF with occlusion of the left jugular vein and right transverse sinus. Before endovascular treatment, the patient had symptomatic epilepsy and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage disappeared with packing of the left transverse sinus–sigmoid sinus. Subsequently, balloon angioplasty of the right occluded transverse sinus was performed to maintain the normal venous drainage and remaining shunt outflow. Dilatation of the right transverse sinus was poor immediately after surgery. However, angiography after 10 days and 6 months revealed gradual dilatation of the right transverse sinus. Conclusion Sinus occlusion, which is thought to be caused by sinus hypertension associated with DAVF rather than chronic organized thrombosis or thrombophilia, may dilate over time after balloon angioplasty and shunt flow reduction if occluded sinus is necessary for facilitating normal venous drainage.

scholarly journals Variant Anatomy of Hypoglossal Canal: An Osteological Study in North Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Yadav S ◽  
Pandey P ◽  
Pasricha N ◽  
Bhatnagar R
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
North Indian Population ◽  
Hypoglossal Canal ◽  
Posterior Condylar ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Variant Anatomy

Introduction: To assess the presence of duplicated hypoglossal canal. Subjects and Methods: A total of 80 dried human skulls were collected from the Anthropology lab of the department of Anatomy K.G.M.U.,U. P., Lucknow, India. The skulls were examined for duplicated hypoglossal canal and presence of posterior condylar canal. Theskulls were closely inspected with the use of hand lens. Results: We observed bilateral duplicated hypoglossal canal in 3 skulls (3.75%), Unilateral duplication was seen in 15 skulls (18.75%) [i.e.7 on the right side and 8 on the left side]. We observed that the presence of duplicated hypoglossal canal was mostly associated with the presence of posterior condylar canal. Conclusion: Duplicated hypoglossal canal in humans may result in minor degrees of alterations in the movements of the tongue due to entrapment of nerve during ossification. The clinical relevance of this knowledge is important for radiologists and neurosurgeons.

Vestibular schwannoma extending into the tympanic cavity and jugular fossa by invasion of the petrous bone

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hideaki Matsumura ◽  
Masahide Matsuda ◽  
Keiji Tabuchi ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
Eiichi Ishikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
Petrous Bone ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Jugular Fossa

scholarly journals Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Optic Foramen in North Indian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 053-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Alok Tripathi ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
Ram Kumar Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Petrous Temporal Bone ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Optic canal connects orbit to middle cranial fossa. Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass through this canal. The aim of the present study is to make morphometric and anatomical observations of endocranial opening of optic canal. Materials and Methods The observations were conducted on 30 dry adult human skulls. The observations were made on shape, margins, confluence, septations, dimensions, and distance of optic foramen from apex of petrous temporal bone. Result and Statistical Analysis On morphometric observation, transverse diameter (TD) was 6.00 mm and 6.15 mm on the left and the right side, respectively. The vertical diameter (VD) was 5.14 mm on the left side and 4.82 mm on the right side. The distance of optic foramen to apex of petrous temporal bone was 21.84 mm on the left side and 21.90 mm on the right side. The mean, standard deviation, range, and p value were measured by using SPSS software version 19.00. Conclusion In the present study we attempt to provide a comprehensive anatomical and morphometric data of optic foramen that may help ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons during surgery.

scholarly journals Persistent Enlarged Occipital Sinus with Absent Unilateral Transverse Sinus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 519-521
Author(s):  
Guru Dutta Satyarthee ◽  
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar ◽  
Amit Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Rare Condition ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Occipital Sinus ◽  
Suboccipital Craniotomy ◽  
Acoustic Schwannoma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dural Opening ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe occipital sinus may occasionally remain patent, but the incidence is extremely low and observed in less than 10% of cases. A persistent patent occipital sinus (POS) may be associated with other venous sinus abnormality. The absence of transverse sinus in association with POS is an extremely rare condition and not reported yet. The neuroradiologist, neurosurgeons, otolaryngologist, and neurologist must be aware of the possible existence of POS and other associated venous sinus anomaly, as its warrants very crucial modification of surgical planning, selection of appropriate approaches, and, additionally, may also critically limit the extent of surgical exposure of target, and may hinder intended extent of surgical excision of tumor and associated possibility of injury to POS, which may produce catastrophic hemorrhage, brain swelling, and neurosurgical morbidity. The authors report a 35-year-old male who underwent suboccipital craniotomy for right-side giant acoustic schwannoma. Following the raising bone flap, a markedly prominent, turgid, occipital sinus was observed, not placed exactly in the midline but deviated to the right side, causing further restraining of dural opening. Surgical nuances and intraoperative difficulty encountered along with pertinent literature is reviewed briefly.

Cerebral abscess as an unusual complication of coil embolization in a dural arteriovenous fistula

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Rahman Zurin ◽  
Satoshi Ushikoshi ◽  
Kiyohiro Houkin ◽  
Yoichi Kikuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Cerebral Abscess ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cortical Infarction ◽  
Retrograde Filling ◽  
Detachable Coils ◽  
The Right

This 63-year-old man presented with a right temporoparietal cortical infarction. A dural arteriovenous fistula involving the right transverse sinus was diagnosed on cerebral angiography. Transvenous embolization using detachable coils was performed; however, postembolization angiograms demonstrated retrograde filling of a cortical draining vein that was not seen on initial angiography. The patient subsequently developed a cerebral abscess in the region of the previous cortical infarction 2 months after the embolization. The abscess was successfully treated with drainage and antibiotic therapy. The authors report this case to illustrate an unusual complication associated with this procedure and the possible contribution of the cortical draining vein in the pathogenesis of the cerebral abscess.

Modified sleeve tympanotomy approach for removal of congenital cholesteatoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Park ◽  
G H Park ◽  
J E Shin ◽  
S O Chang
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
Tympanic Cavity ◽  
Operative Techniques ◽  
Congenital Cholesteatoma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Conductive Hearing

AbstractObjective:We present a technique which we have found useful for the management of congenital cholesteatoma extensively involving the middle ear.Case report:A five-year-old boy was presented to our department for management of a white mass on the right tympanic membrane. This congenital cholesteatoma extensively occupied the tympanic cavity. It was removed through an extended tympanotomy approach using our modified sleeve technique. The conventional tympanotomy approach was extended by gently separating the tympanic annulus from its sulcus in a circular manner. The firm attachment of the tympanic membrane at the umbo was not severed, in order to avoid lateralisation of the tympanic membrane.Conclusion:Although various operative techniques can be used, our modified sleeve tympanotomy approach provides a similarly sufficient and direct visualisation of the entire middle ear, with, theoretically, no possibility of lateralisation of the tympanic membrane and subsequent conductive hearing loss.

scholarly journals A peculiar case of dural venous sinuses with resulting atypical bony markings in posterior cranial fossa

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 2830
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Khorwal ◽  
Sunita Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Venous Sinuses ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dural Venous Sinuses

A paramedian or midline suboccipital approach for craniotomies and craniectomies is commonly employed for decompression or tumour resections from posterior cranial fossa. The reference for midline is taken as the line joining the nasion and inion on the surface of the skull which is the estimated position of superior sagittal sinus. In the interior, the internal occipital protuberance is the site of confluence of sinuses which presents a spectrum of variations. An unusual pattern of drainage of dural venous sinuses was observed at the site of customary confluence during routine dissection of head region for undergraduate medical students in a sixty-year-old female cadaver. The superior sagittal sinus continued as right transverse sinus as usual but it was connected to the left transverse sinus through a venous channel. There was no appreciable confluence of sinuses at this site. A prominent and atypical cerebellar process emerged from right hemisphere of cerebellum and projected between right transverse sinus and the venous channel connecting right and left transverse sinuses. In the posterior cranial fossa, the internal occipital crest was present on the left of midline separated from internal occipital protuberance. Another small ridge was present to the right of midline. A triangular fossa thus formed on the right side of internal occipital crest was occupied by the unusual prominent process emerging from the right hemisphere of cerebellum.Pre-operative assessment of dural venous sinuses is imperative before any surgical intervention especially around the confluence of the sinuses.

scholarly journals Occipital Emissary Foramina in South Indian Modern Human Skulls

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suruchi Singhal ◽  
Roopa Ravindranath
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Medical College ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Cranial Venous Sinuses ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intracranial Infections

An occipital emissary foramen has been traditionally described as a foramen present in the squamous part of the occipital bone at the occipital protuberance transmitting a vein that connects the confluence of sinuses with the occipital vein. The present study was done on 221 South Indian adult modern human skulls of unknown sex in the Department of Anatomy, St John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India. The foramen was observed in 21/221 (9.50%) skulls, 6/21 (28.57%) to the right of, 10/21 (47.61%) to the left of, and 2/21 (9.52%) on the External Occipital Crest. It was seen more often near the posterior margin of foramen magnum rather than at the External Occipital Protuberance as has been traditionally described. A new finding is that bilateral foramina were observed in 3 skulls (14.28%). The incidence was higher than seen in other Indian population. Since it is present near the foramen magnum in most cases, knowledge of the number and position of the foramen is important for suboccipital craniotomies. The extensive connections of the veins with cranial venous sinuses may lead to intracranial infections and vice versa.

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