Brain olfactory activation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Harada ◽  
M Tanaka ◽  
T Kato
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Olfactory Test ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to study functional activation of various areas of the brain. This is based on the assumption that an increase in the recorded oxygenated haemoglobin (HbO2) concentration represents an increase in blood flow, which in turn reflects neuronal activation. The aim of this preliminary study was to use NIRS to monitor the activity of the olfactory cortex, as mirrored by the haemodynamic response, when subjects were exposed to olfactory stimuli.A NIRO 300 (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu, Japan) device was used. The optodes were placed on the right forehead and right temporal, parietal and occipital regions. Changes in the concentration of HbO2 and deoxygenated haemoglobin during olfactory stimulation were monitored. Olfactory stimulation was performed with vanilla essence, strawberry essence and scatol.During olfactory stimulation, cerebral HbO2 concentration increased over the frontal region. However, in the temporal, parietal and occipital regions, little or no HbO2 changes were recorded.This study shows that human brain cortical activation following olfactory stimulation can be recorded by NIRS. This NIRS analysis may therefore provide the basis for future development of an objective olfactory test in humans.

scholarly journals Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 968
Author(s):  
Roger C. Ho ◽  
Vijay K. Sharma ◽  
Benjamin Y. Q. Tan ◽  
Alison Y. Y. Ng ◽  
Yit-Shiang Lui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Preliminary Study

Impaired sense of smell occurs in a fraction of patients with COVID-19 infection, but its effect on cerebral activity is unknown. Thus, this case report investigated the effect of COVID-19 infection on frontotemporal cortex activity during olfactory stimuli. In this preliminary study, patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection (n = 6) and healthy controls who never contracted COVID-19 (n = 6) were recruited. Relative changes in frontotemporal cortex oxy-hemoglobin during olfactory stimuli was acquired using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The area under curve (AUC) of oxy-hemoglobin for the time interval 5 s before and 15 s after olfactory stimuli was derived. In addition, olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks 12-identification test (SIT-12). Patients had lower SIT-12 scores than healthy controls (p = 0.026), but there were no differences in oxy-hemoglobin AUC between healthy controls and patients (p > 0.05). This suggests that past COVID-19 infection may not affect frontotemporal cortex function, and these preliminary results need to be verified in larger samples.

scholarly journals The mapping of cortical activation by near-infrared spectroscopy might be a biomarker related to the severity of fibromyalgia’s symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Gabiatti Donadel ◽  
Maxciel Zortea ◽  
Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres ◽  
Felipe Fregni ◽  
Wolnei Caumo
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract We compared the activation pattern at the motor cortex (MC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) based on the delta value (Δ) of oxy-hemoglobin (HbO) by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We examined the relationship of the ΔHbO based on the peaks at 5°C and 25°C by right-hand immersion in water in 22 fibromyalgia and 19 controls. Fibromyalgia showed a shorter peak latency for HbO at the left MC. In contrast, at the left MC, their HbO increased 117.64% compared to 92.85% in the controls. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis showed the ΔHbO cutoffs equal to –0.175 at the left and –0.205 at the right PFC offer sensitivity and specificity of at least 80% in screening fibromyalgia compared to controls. In fibromyalgia, a ROC analysis showed that these cutoff points could discriminate those with higher disability due to pain and more severe central sensitization symptoms (CSS). The ROC with the best discriminatory profile was to the CSS score with the ΔHbO at the left PFC (AUC = 0.82, CI 95% = 0.61–100). These results indicate that cortical activation based on the ΔHbO at the PFC might be a sensitive marker to identify those fibromyalgia patients with more severe clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Abnormal Cortical Activation Patterns Among Chinese-Speaking Schizophrenia Patients During Category and Letter Verbal Fluency Tasks Revealed by Multi-Channel Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Li ◽  
Junlin Mu ◽  
Chenyu Shen ◽  
Guanqun Yao ◽  
Kun Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Right

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has many advantages over other neuroimaging modalities for routine measurement of task-dependent cortical activation, but most fNIRS studies of schizophrenia have used letter fluency tasks (LFTs). Further, performances on category fluency tasks (CFTs) and LFTs may be distinct in Chinese patients due to the unique semantic features of Chinese written characters. To identify unique disease biomarkers measurable by fNIRS in Chinese schizophrenia patients, this study compared cortical oxygenated hemoglobin changes ([oxy-Hb]) during a Chinese LFT and CFT between patients and healthy controls.Methods: Inpatients of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University were recruited from Match 2020 to July 2021. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms. Dynamic changes in [oxy-Hb], an indicator of neural activity, were measured during CFT and LFT performance by 52-channel fNIRS.Results: Forty-seven schizophrenia inpatients and 29 healthy controls completed all tests. Schizophrenia patients showed significant cortical activation at 15 channels covering the left hemisphere and 17 channels over the right hemisphere during the CFT. During the LFT, activity was significantly increased at only six channels, all over the left hemisphere (FDR P < 0.05). In healthy controls, significant [oxy-Hb] increases were found at 24 channels over the left hemisphere and 19 channels over the right hemisphere during CFT. While during the LFT, the significant increases were found at 7 channels all over the left hemisphere (FDR P < 0.05). When years of education was included as a covariate, the schizophrenia group demonstrated no significant hypoactivation relative to healthy controls at any channel after FDR correction (FDR P < 0.05) during CFT while demonstrated significant hypoactivation at channel 11 during LFT (FDR P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between PANSS scores and [oxy-Hb] changes after FDR correction (FDR P < 0.05).Conclusions: Left lateralization during CFT was reduced among schizophrenia patients and may be related to the semantic deficit. The Chinese-CFT could be a more sensitive indicator of frontal-temporal dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Frontal  activation  patterns  during  Tetris game  play  and  differences  between  high  and  low performers:  a preliminary functional  near-infrared  spectroscopy study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Nakahachi ◽  
Ryouhei Ishii ◽  
Leonides Canuet ◽  
Iori Sato ◽  
Kiyoko Kamibeppu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background: Tetris has recently expanded its place of activity not only to the original entertainment but also to clinical applications such as prevention of trauma flashback. However, to our knowledge, no studies focused on the cortical activation patterns themselves when playing Tetris in a natural form. This study aimed to investigate the activation patterns in the frontal cortex during naturally-performed Tetris for 90 seconds in 24 healthy subjects using functional near-infrared spectroscopy robust to artifacts by motion and electric devices. We also calculated the correlations of behavioral data with cortical activations, and compared the differences in activations between the high and low performers of Tetris. Results: The results demonstrated that significant activations in the frontal cortex during Tetris play had two factors, each showing a similar activation pattern. One of the factors was distributed over the lateral prefrontal cortex bilaterally, and the other was localized to the right prefrontal cortex. Moreover, in the high performers, the activations of the areas centered on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were estimated to increase and correlations of the activations between those areas and the other areas decrease compared with the low performers. Conclusions: It is suggested that high Tetris performers might reduce functional connectivity between activations of the areas centered on the right DLPFC and the other areas, and increase the local activations compared with low performers. It would be necessary to consider whether its visuospatial cognitive loads stimulate the appropriate areas of the subject’s brain to effectively utilize Tetris play for clinical interventions.

scholarly journals Mismatch between Tissue Partial Oxygen Pressure and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Neuromonitoring of Tissue Respiration in Acute Brain Trauma: The Rationale for Implementing a Multimodal Monitoring Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Mario Forcione ◽  
Mario Ganau ◽  
Lara Prisco ◽  
Antonio Maria Chiarelli ◽  
Andrea Bellelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Partial Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Tissue Respiration ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Partial Oxygen

The brain tissue partial oxygen pressure (PbtO2) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuromonitoring are frequently compared in the management of acute moderate and severe traumatic brain injury patients; however, the relationship between their respective output parameters flows from the complex pathogenesis of tissue respiration after brain trauma. NIRS neuromonitoring overcomes certain limitations related to the heterogeneity of the pathology across the brain that cannot be adequately addressed by local-sample invasive neuromonitoring (e.g., PbtO2 neuromonitoring, microdialysis), and it allows clinicians to assess parameters that cannot otherwise be scanned. The anatomical co-registration of an NIRS signal with axial imaging (e.g., computerized tomography scan) enhances the optical signal, which can be changed by the anatomy of the lesions and the significance of the radiological assessment. These arguments led us to conclude that rather than aiming to substitute PbtO2 with tissue saturation, multiple types of NIRS should be included via multimodal systemic- and neuro-monitoring, whose values then are incorporated into biosignatures linked to patient status and prognosis. Discussion on the abnormalities in tissue respiration due to brain trauma and how they affect the PbtO2 and NIRS neuromonitoring is given.

scholarly journals Classification of Prefrontal Cortex Activity Based on Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Data upon Olfactory Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Kuo-Kai Shyu ◽  
Cheng-Kai Lu ◽  
Chi-Wen Jao ◽  
Po-Lei Lee
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Kernel Functions ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Hemodynamic Response Function ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Data Set

The sense of smell is one of the most important organs in humans, and olfactory imaging can detect signals in the anterior orbital frontal lobe. This study assessed olfactory stimuli using support vector machines (SVMs) with signals from functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data obtained from the prefrontal cortex. These data included odor stimuli and air state, which triggered the hemodynamic response function (HRF), determined from variations in oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) levels; photoplethysmography (PPG) of two wavelengths (raw optical red and near-infrared data); and the ratios of data from two optical datasets. We adopted three SVM kernel functions (i.e., linear, quadratic, and cubic) to analyze signals and compare their performance with the HRF and PPG signals. The results revealed that oxyHb yielded the most efficient single-signal data with a quadratic kernel function, and a combination of HRF and PPG signals yielded the most efficient multi-signal data with the cubic function. Our results revealed superior SVM analysis of HRFs for classifying odor and air status using fNIRS data during olfaction in humans. Furthermore, the olfactory stimulation can be accurately classified by using quadratic and cubic kernel functions in SVM, even for an individual participant data set.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document