scholarly journals Mapping surgical coordinates of the sphenopalatine foramen: surgical navigation study

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 742-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hadoura ◽  
C Douglas ◽  
G W McGarry ◽  
D Young
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Observer Variation ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
Sphenopalatine Foramen ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
Nasal Floor ◽  
Navigation Software ◽  
Piriform Aperture

AbstractObjectives:To identify measurements that may help intra-operative localisation of the sphenopalatine foramen.Design:The study used three-dimensional surgical navigation software to study radiological anatomy, in order to define the distances and angulations between identifiable bony landmarks and the sphenopalatine foramen.Results:The distance from the anterior nasal spine to the sphenopalatine foramen was 59 mm (±4 mm; inter-observer variation = 0.866; intra-observer variation = 0.822). The distance from the piriform aperture to the sphenopalatine foramen was 48 mm (±4 mm; inter-observer variation = 0.828; intra-observer variation = 0.779). The angle of elevation from the nasal floor to the sphenopalatine foramen was 22° (±3°; inter-observer variation = 0.441; intra-observer variation = 0.499).Conclusions:The sphenopalatine foramen is consistently identifiable on three-dimensional, reconstructed computed tomography scans. Repeatable measurements were obtained. The centre point of the foramen lies 59 mm from the anterior nasal spine at 22° elevation above the plane of the hard palate and 48 mm from the piriform aperture. We discuss how these data could be used to facilitate intra-operative location of the sphenopalatine foramen in difficult cases.

scholarly journals Morphometric evaluation of the sphenopalatine foramen for endonasal surgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-445
Author(s):  
A.B. Antunes Scanavini ◽  
J.A.C. Navarro ◽  
S.R.M.C. Megale ◽  
R.S. Lima ◽  
W.T. Anselmo-Lima
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sphenopalatine Artery ◽  
Sphenopalatine Foramen ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
Nasal Floor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Numerical Variation ◽  
Study Setting

OBJECTIVE: Ligation of the sphenopalatine artery is used to treat severe nasal haemorrhage. Despite the high rates of success reported, errors and complications may occur in locating the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) through which the vasculonervous structures penetrate the nasal cavity. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the numerical variation of the SPF, its relation to the ethmoid bone crista of the palatine bone in the lateral nasal wall, its distance from the anterior nasal spine and the angle between this distance and the anterior nasal floor. DESIGN: Anatomical study. SETTING: Regional tertiary reference center. MATERIAL AND INTERVENTIONS: Fifty-four hemiskulls were submitted to anatomical study and measurements were made on more than 12 dissected hemiskulls using the Image Tool 3.0 software. RESULTS: The SPF was single in 87% of the specimens, and more than one orifice was present in 13%. In most specimens it was possible to establish a relation with the ethmoid crista, which is a surgical reference for the SPF location. The mean values of the measurements were significantly higher in the hemifaces than in the hemiskulls, ranging from 54 to 63 mm, and angulation ranged from 20 to 32 degrees. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that in most specimens studied the SPF was single and located in the superior nasal meatus. The distances measured suggest that these values can be used as distance references for the use of the endoscope for ligation or endonasal cauterization of the branches of the sphenopalatine artery, preventing possible errors and complications.

The Performance of Secondary Nasal Alar Base Revision for Unilateral Cleft Lip by Single YV-Plasty (the Importance of Overcorrection During Surgery)

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110106
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Matsuura ◽  
Hideaki Kishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Minimum Degree ◽  
Nasal Deformity ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
Base Revision ◽  
Alar Base ◽  
Anterior Nasal Spine ◽  
Nasal Floor ◽  
Case Basis

Although primary surgery for cleft lip has improved over time, the degree of secondary cleft or nasal deformity reportedly varies from a minimum degree to a remarkable degree. Patients with cleft often worry about residual nose deformity, such as a displaced columella, a broad nasal floor, and a deviation of the alar base on the cleft side. Some of the factors that occur in association with secondary cleft or nasal deformity include a deviation of the anterior nasal spine, a deflected septum, a deficiency of the orbicularis muscle, and a lack of bone underlying the nose. Secondary cleft and nasal deformity can result from incomplete muscle repair at the primary cleft operation. Therefore, surgeons should manage patients individually and deal with various deformities by performing appropriate surgery on a case-by-case basis. In this report, we applied the simple method of single VY-plasty on the nasal floor to a patient with unilateral cleft to revise the alar base on the cleft side. We adopted this approach to achieve overcorrection on the cleft side during surgery, which helped maintain the appropriate position of the alar base and ultimately balanced the nose foramen at 13 months after the operation. It was also possible to complement the height of the nasal floor without a bone graft. We believe that this approach will prove useful for managing cases with a broad and low nasal floor, thereby enabling the reconstruction of a well-balanced nose.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Imaging and Modeling of Anatomic Structures, Sectional and Radiological Anatomy, and Staining Techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuncay Peker ◽  
Nadir Gülekon ◽  
Ilkan Tatar ◽  
Levent Sarıkcıoğlu ◽  
David Kachlik
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
Staining Techniques

Reduction of observer variation using matched CT-PET for lung cancer delineation: A three-dimensional analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel J.H.M. Steenbakkers ◽  
Joop C. Duppen ◽  
Isabelle Fitton ◽  
Kirsten E.I. Deurloo ◽  
Lambert J. Zijp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Observer Variation

scholarly journals Surgical and Radiological Anatomy of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cadaveric Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2076
Author(s):  
Vasileios Raoulis ◽  
Apostolos Fyllos ◽  
Michail E. Klontzas ◽  
Dimitrios Chytas ◽  
Vasileios Mitrousias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Features

The purpose of this study was to compare the measurement of several anatomical features of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and by direct fashion during dissection. We hypothesized that the measurements between these two techniques would agree. MRI of 30 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees was followed by dissection. MPFL patella and femoral attachment were evaluated; their shape, length, and width were measured; and measurements were compared. MRI was deemed unreliable for the determination of several of the aforementioned anatomical features. Important findings include: (a) observations on MPFL attachment at medial patella side and attachment to quadriceps were identical between dissection and MRI; (b) average width at patella insertion was significantly different between the two methods (p = 0.002); and (c) an attachment to the quadriceps tendon was present in 20/30 specimens and d. detailed measurements of a thin, non-linear, and three-dimensional structure, such as the MPFL, cannot be performed on MRI, due to technical difficulties. This anatomical radiological study highlights the shape, anatomical measurements (length and width), and attachment of the MPFL using a relatively large cadaveric sample and suggests that MRI is not reliable for detailed imaging of its three-dimensional anatomy.

Radiological anatomy of the oral cavity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Radiological Anatomy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Sensitive Film ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Pass Through

The radiographs most frequently taken in general dental practice are of the teeth and their immidiate supporting tissues for detection of dental caries or assessment of bone loss in periodontal disease. Intraoral radiographs are taken by placing the X-ray-sensitive film or receptor in the mouth close to the teeth being investigated. Extraoral radiographs use larger films or receptors positioned externally and produce a view of the entire dentition and its supporting structures on a single film; they are used to ascertain the state of development of the dentitions prior to orthodontic treatment, for example. Dental panoramic tomographs (DPTs) are the most frequent extraoral radiographs. A radiograph is a negative photographic record. Dense structures such as bone are designated as radio-opaque; they absorb some X-rays and appear white on radiographs. More X-rays pass through less dense radiolucent structures such as air-filled cavities which show up as black areas. The contrast between different tissues of the structures which the X-ray beam passes through is determined by their radiodensity which, in turn, is largely due to their content of metallic elements. Calcium and iron are the prevalent heavy metals in the body. Calcium is combined with phosphate to form hydroxyapatite crystals in bones and mineralized tissues in teeth. Iron is present in haemoglobin in blood, but only large concentrations of blood, such as those found within the heart chambers, show up on X-rays. In sequence from densest to most lucent, the radiodensity of the dental and periodontal tissues are: enamel, dentine, cementum, compact bone, cancellous bone, demineralized carious enamel and dentine, dental soft tissues such as pulp and periodontal ligament, and air; gold and silver–mercury amalgam metallic restorative materials are even denser than enamel. A radiograph is a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional situation. The orientation of anatomical structures relative to the X-ray beam is a major factor determining their appearance on the film. For example, a beam travelling through the long axis of a radiodense structure will produce a whiter image on the film than one passing through its shorter axis because more X-rays are absorbed; the structure will also have a different shape.

Interaction between the Joints in the Shoulder Mechanism: The Function of the Costoclavicular, Conoid and Trapezoid Ligaments

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
G M Pronk ◽  
F C T van der Helm ◽  
L A Rozendaal
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Pattern ◽  
Bony Landmarks

By developing a measurement method based on the palpation of bony landmarks, the three-dimensional positions of the scapula and clavicle can be measured at several angles of humerus elevation. An analysis of these measurements shows the interaction between all joints of the shoulder mechanism. With the help of a biomechanical shoulder model the role of some of the extracapsular ligaments in the motion pattern of scapula and clavicle can be derived. In addition, the interaction between the rotations in the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints is shown, and the possible implications for the treatment of joint problems in the shoulder are discussed.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Displacement after a Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy in Relation to the Hindfoot Alignment and Osteotomy Angle

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011419S0006
Author(s):  
Matthias Peiffer ◽  
C. Belvedere ◽  
S. Clockaerts ◽  
T. Leenders ◽  
Alexej Barg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Hindfoot Alignment ◽  
Calcaneal Osteotomy ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Operative Planning ◽  
Osteotomy Plane ◽  
Computer Based

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: An adult-acquired flatfoot deformity is a three-dimensional (3D) condition characterized by a loss of the medial longitudinal arch, valgus alignment of the hindfoot, and abduction of the midfoot. When conservative measures are not sufficient, a medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO) is frequently performed to correct the deformity, but there is lack of data on the associated three-dimensional variables defining the final correction. A possible reason for this shortcoming could be the current image-based analyses, mainly performed on bi-dimensional radiographs. These are hampered by errors in 3D rotations and superimposition of bony structures. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the correlation between the preoperative hindfoot valgus deformity and calcaneal osteotomy angle and the postoperative calcaneal displacement by use of weightbearing CT (WBCT). Methods: Weight-bearing CT scans obtained pre- and post-operatively were analyzed for sixteen patients with a mean age of 49.4 years (range: 18-66 years). Indication for surgery was adult-acquired flat foot deformity stage II. Based on the WBCT images, pre- and post-operative 3D bone morphological models of the tibia, talus, calcaneus, and the second metatarsal were created, on which anatomical bony landmarks were computationally identified to define a Foot Anatomical reference Frame (FAF). This FAF was used to measure valgus deformity pre- and post-operatively, inclination of the osteotomy plane, and displacement of the calcaneus (Fig. 1). Linear regression was conducted to assess the relationship between these measurements. Results: On average, the hindfoot valgus changed from 13.1° (±4.6) preoperatively to 5.7° (±4.3) postoperatively. A mean inferior displacement of 3.2 mm (±1.3) was observed along the osteotomy with a mean inclination angle of 54.6° (±5.6), 80.5° (±10.7), - 13.7° (±15.7) in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes, respectively. A statistically significant positive relationship (P < .05, R2 = 0.6) was found between the preoperative valgus, the axial osteotomy inclination, and the inferior displacement. Conclusion: This study shows that the degree of preoperative valgus of the hindfoot and the axial osteotomy angle are predictive factors for the amount of postoperative plantar displacement of the calcaneus. These findings contrast the general recommendation of performing a 90° calcaneal osteotomy angle, i.e. perpendicular to the lateral calcaneal wall in every patient. The obtained factors should be taken into account when performing a MCO and could be integrated in a computer-based pre- operative planning.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional MRI evaluation of the effect of bladder volume on prostate translocation and distortion

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziga Snoj ◽  
Andrew B. Gill ◽  
Leonardo Rundo ◽  
Nikita Sushentsev ◽  
Tristan Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Bladder Volume ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bladder Filling ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Rectal Volume

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of any radiation therapy delivery is limited by target organ translocation and distortion. Bladder filling is one of the recognised factors affecting prostate translocation and distortion. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of bladder volume on prostate translocation and distortion by using detailed three-dimensional prostate delineation on MRI.Patients and methodsFifteen healthy male volunteers were recruited in this prospective, institutional review board-approved study. Each volunteer underwent 4 different drinking preparations prior to imaging, with MR images acquired pre- and post-void. MR images were co-registered by using bony landmarks and three-dimensional contouring was performed in order to assess the degree of prostate translocation and distortion. According to changes in bladder or rectum distention, subdivisions were made into bladder and rectal groups. Studies with concomitant change in both bladder and rectal volume were excluded.ResultsForty studies were included in the bladder volume study group and 8 in the rectal volume study group. The differences in rectal volumes yielded higher levels of translocation (p < 0.01) and distortion (p = 0.02) than differences in bladder volume. Moderate correlation of prostate translocation with bladder filling was shown (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). There was no important prostate translocation when bladder volume change was < 2-fold (p < 0.01). Moderate correlation of prostate distortion with bladder filling was shown (r = 0.61, p < 0.01).ConclusionsBladder volume has a minimal effect on prostate translocation and effect on prostate distortion is negligible. Prostate translocation may be minimalised if there is < 2-fold increase in the bladder volume.

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