Changing Patterns of Kinship: Cohabitation, Patriarchy and Social Policy in Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRA RAMM
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Colonial Legacies

AbstractCohabitation is a distinctive feature of low-income groups in Latin America. In the past, it has been linked to colonial legacies including notions of familial honour, poverty, and a kinship system focused on blood ties. By contrast, some scholars consider rising levels of cohabitation in the present day to be an effect of modernisation, through increased gender equality. The present research, based on life histories of young, poor, urban co-habitees in Chile, aims to show that rising cohabitation is linked to targeted social policies and also to declining patriarchy, which is distinct from gender equality.

The Role of Active Transport Modes in Enhancing the Mobility of Low-Income People in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Rivas ◽  
Tomás Serebrisky
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Transport Modes

Active transport modes play a key role in developing sustainable transport systems by making cities accessible, safe, inclusive, and green. In Latin America and the Caribbean, walking and cycling represent a large share of total trips, especially for low-income groups. But for them, the decision to travel by using active transport modes, especially walking, is not based on sustainability but affordability. Income disparities in the region are also reflected in pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, with poor neighborhoods lacking infrastructure of sufficient quality or size. Despite some successful experiences in the region, there is a lack of integration between transport modes, particularly public transport and cycling, which is crucial for improving the accessibility of low-income people, who usually live in peripheral areas, face long commutes, and require connecting infrastructure and services. The region has the opportunity to improve low-income groups access to livelihood opportunities and key services by developing infrastructure supporting nonmotorized transport, increasing citizen participation in planning, improving planning and regulation, and integrating active transport modes in urban transport systems, especially public transport.

scholarly journals Determining the potential of informal savings groups as a model for formal commitment saving devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marna Landman ◽  
Morris Mthombeni
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Household Saving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Saving Rates ◽  
Transaction Fees

Background: Saving behaviour has attracted research attention over the past 20 years. Typically, individual and household saving rates among low-income groups are inadequate. Research suggests that informal savings groups are effective vehicles for encouraging saving among low-income individuals. Yet little is known about the drivers of positive saving behaviour among informal savings groups, which makes it difficult for formal providers to design interventions that promote higher levels of saving.Aim: This study aimed to explore both the rational and non-rational drivers of saving behaviour among low-income members of informal savings groups, the attributes of informal savings groups that positively influence their collective saving behaviour, and to identify the valued features of savings groups that encourage the adoption of informal commitment saving devices (CSDs).Methods: The study was informed by a literature review followed by field research in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 savings groups and 10 individual members of savings groups. The participants’ perspectives were analysed and compared within the context of behavioural economic theory.Results: The study revealed seven characteristics of informal savings groups that potentially serve as interventions to explain non-rational saving behaviour. It also identified seven features valued by users of informal CSDs (including flexibility, restricted access to savings and no transaction fees) which could be salient to providers of formal CSDs.Conclusion: On the basis of the findings, a behavioural design framework was proposed to inform the design features of formal CSDs that may ensure customer retention and improved saving outcomes.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

New Trends in Interaction of Developed and Developing Countries in Innovation Sphere

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
A. Eroshkin ◽  
M. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Adaptive Nature

The economic and innovative rise of the developing states stimulated a deep restructuring of the existing system of international relations in science and technology sphere. As the article points, one of the main manifestations of this trend can be seen in the transformation of global innovation strategies of transnational corporations. The world’s largest TNCs, mostly based in the industrial nations, have begun to transfer growing segments and parts of their R&D programs to the developing countries in order to take advantage of their increased research capacity. As a result, the nature of the projects being implemented there by the TNCs is changing. Historically, the TNCs’ local R&D activities were of adaptive nature. Namely, the stress was made on modification of the products and services offered by the TNCS globally to the specifics of local markets. Currently, a growing number of transnational corporations are implementing the large-scale programs in the developing countries aimed at designing new types of products, including those targeted at the low-income groups of consumers that make up the bulk of the population in developing countries.

scholarly journals A 32 Year old Female with Recurrent Chest Infections with Dizziness

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Sakib Aman ◽  
Palash Kumar Biswas ◽  
Forhad Uddin Hasan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is associated with repeated chest infections. Repeated chest infections, in turn, can lead to bronchiectasis and vice versa. In this case a 32 year old female presented to us with repeated chest infections. Upon thorough examination and investigation, she was found to have both ASD along with bronchiectasis. It also shows the devastating consequences of having two serious illnesses can have on a patients life, specially in low income groups. J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 155-156

scholarly journals ZINC NUTRITION IN CHILEAN PREGNAT TEENAGERS OF LOW INCOME GROUPS

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-823
Author(s):  
Vb Martin ◽  
Cd Castillo ◽  
V Gattás ◽  
F Castillo ◽  
M González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Zinc Nutrition

The Mode Choice of the Residents in Suburban Area

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2459-2462
Author(s):  
Hang Luo ◽  
Yun Hong Shao ◽  
Bi Jie Ding ◽  
Shu Yue Wu
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Land Development ◽  
High Income ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

In recent years, with the expansion of urban space in China, large-scale land development and commodity residential construction lead to urban land expanding continuously, the residents especially low-income groups in suburban area face more problems, such as commuting costs increase, transportation accessibility reduce. The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the travel choices between high-income and low-income residents in suburban area, using the structural equation modeling to analyze how the social and economic attributes, public transport accessibility and commuting time influence on traffic mode selection, and contribute to public transportation development for low-income group in suburban area. The result of the research shows influence of different factors involving the traffic mode selection between low-income groups and high-income groups.

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