Reflections on donors, opposition and popular will in the 1996 Zambian general elections

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kees van Donge
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
National Interest ◽  
International Community ◽  
Political Group ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Way

The Zambian general elections held on 18 November 1996 to elect a president and parliament are of more than merely national interest. Even before the elections took place, a vocal opposition already doubted their genuineness, and these claims have found considerable international sympathy. The Zambian government and those who voted them into power for a second term, however, consider these elections a hallmark of the success of the reintroduction of multi-partyism, which Zambia was one of the first, and one of the most successful, to reintroduce in Africa. These elections, therefore, provide a case in which to analyse a triangular interaction which is common in Africa: the interaction between an incumbent political group, an opposition which does not accept the victory of the former, and the international community. This article aims to offer a theoretical perspective on the way in which these three groups of actors intermesh; but, in order to ground these more theoretical concerns in an understanding of the empirical realities, an attempt is made first to capture the essence of the conflicts involved.

scholarly journals Passado, presente e questões para o futuro no estudo da argumentação na fala da criança

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Maria Fausta Pereira Castro
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Cohesive Force ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
The Way

This work deals with argument construction in child speech, starting by submitting to revision some of the questions handled by the author all along her research on that subject. In order to stress the theoretical moves which have been made, two main questions were brought into discussion. Namely, the presence of arguments from the adult speech in the child utterances and the effect of argumentative utterances of the type x connective y in restraining deviation in dialogue, thus assuring both meaning and unity. However, the cohesive force of arguments is not free from being disrupted by dispersion and unpredictability. The unfolding of this theoretical perspective opens the way to a hypothesis both on language functioning and on the subjectivity who is constituded in it.

scholarly journals Frictional interactions on Women, Peace and Security in Mali

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-483
Author(s):  
Jenny Lorentzen
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
International Community ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Security Council Resolution ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
The Way

AbstractMore than 20 years after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, the international community is concerned with taking stock of its implementation in countries undergoing transitions from war to peace. This article contributes to a better understanding of the dynamics involved in implementing the Women, Peace and Security agenda through a focus on the frictional interactions that take place between different actors promoting women's participation in the peace process in Mali. Based on extensive fieldwork in Bamako between 2017 and 2019, it analyses interactions between different international and local actors in the Malian peace process through a discussion of vertical (between international and local actors) and horizontal (between local actors) friction. It finds that the way different actors respond to friction shapes relationships and impacts norm trajectories by triggering feedback loops, which in turn trigger new responses and outcomes.

scholarly journals How Do You Want Me to Address You? – The Macedonian Name Dispute Resolved

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Krisztián Manzinger
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Way

Abstract The Macedonian name dispute, a political debate between Greece and the current Republic of North Macedonia, arose after the break-up of the multi-ethnic Yugoslavia. The issue was overpoliticized for the societies of both countries. The international community followed the dispute, yet it did not exercise any pressure on Greece to cede in a debate seen by many as the stronger bullying the weaker. A breakthrough became achievable when political forces interested in the resolution came into power in both countries in the mid-2010s. The Prespa Agreement, signed in 2018, offered a mutually acceptable resolution and opened the way for North Macedonia to enter the NATO and to the opening of accession talks with the EU in March 2020.

Myanmar: Interim Governance Arrangements: Comparative Principles and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bell
Keyword(s):  
Civil Disobedience ◽  
International Community ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Protest Movement ◽  
The Military ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
The Way

Comparative Principles and Practice The background to this brief is the context of the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021, and the declaration of a state of emergency by the military, which has effectively set aside the 2008 Constitution and the elections held under it. The coup has been rejected by the international community as illegitimate and has generated a strong civil disobedience and protest movement, and those elected in November 2020 have formed interim institutions aiming to move towards a democratic order. The military have also recently re-termed their post-coup regime as a ‘provisional government’. This brief sets out some comparative principles and practices of interim governance arrangements, which are a device often used to move on from crisis. The brief does not purport to offer direct advice as to the way forward in Myanmar, as that will be for all the relevant stakeholders in the country to agree. Rather, it seeks to support deliberation, and some questions for this purpose are provided at the end of the brief.

Rebuilding the Justice Sector of Afghanistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 246-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Foley
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
International Community ◽  
The State ◽  
State System ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
External Monitoring ◽  
The Way

The Afghan authorities and the international community have worked together to rebuild the justice sector into something which now at least approximates to a system that conforms to international standards. This article argues that while the process has been fraught there have been tangible advances and some verifiable ways to measure this. Capacity-building support of the state system will require continuing external monitoring, to gauge its impact, and the state system also has an important role in monitoring the way in which customary law institutions dispense justice. This article concludes that, despite many set-backs and uncertainties, now is not the time for the international community to turn its back on justice sector reform in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals The metaphoric motivation of the caused-motion construction: A case study of perception

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Del Campo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
External Constraints ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Way

<p>This article addresses the caused-motion construction from the theoretical perspective of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM). Within the LCM, the way in which lexical templates fuse with constructional templates is coerced by internal and external constraints. Internal constraints specify the conditions under which allow predicates to take part in a construction. External constraints take the form of high-level metaphoric and metonymic operations that affect lexical-constructional subsumption. This proposal makes use of the theoretical tools of the LCM with a view to exploring instantiations of the construction with verbs of perception. Apart from internal constraints, high-level metaphor will be found to play a prominent role in the construal of the examples under scrutiny. The study will suffice to point out that the semantics of the caused-motion construction needs to be understood with reference to the underlying metaphoric mappings.</p>

Tensions may rise in Zanzibar ahead of Tanzanian polls

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Way

Significance The ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party is all but guaranteed to secure victory on the mainland, most likely increasing its majority in the national assembly on the way. However, the vote in the semi-autonomous Zanzibar region -- comprising Unguja and Pemba islands -- is likely to be close and potentially highly fraught. Impacts The electoral commission’s disqualification of multiple opposition candidates could have a major impact if not overturned on appeal. Should irregularities occur, there could be a scenario where both sides publicly claim victory. The international community may respond to significant irregularities by freezing some aid but is unlikely to go much further.

Three Perspectives on Swedish Indefinite Determiners

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Nivre
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Swedish Data ◽  
The Way

This article investigates the meaning and use of singular indefinite determiners in Swedish, in particular the way in which the existential determiner någon/något contrasts with the indefinite article en/ett in different contexts. The problem is approached from three different perspectives, the first being a contrastive Scandinavian perspective, where the Swedish data are reviewed in the light of contrastive data from the closely related languages Danish and Norwegian. Secondly, corpus data are used to substantiate the results of the contrastive analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively. The last section adopts a more theoretical perspective and tries to present a formal semantic analysis of the two determiners under study, drawing on typological work on indefinites and studies of the historical development of indefinite determiners.

scholarly journals The Problem of Determining the Law Applicable to Damageable Act in the High Seas Pursuant to the Jordanian International Private Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Khaldoun Said Saleh Qtaishat
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
International Community ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
International Private Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way ◽  
High Seas

In the present article, the author examines one of the most important issues related to the international private law. This issue is how to determine the law applicable to damageable act in the high seas according to the Jordanian international private law. This problem is represented in the way of how the Jordanian legislator, in general, deals with the law applicable to the damageable act in the Jordanian civil code without dealing with the problem of identifying the law applicable to the damageable act in the high seas, which leads the author to ask and answer about how to determine the law applicable to this damageable act. The jurisprudence of the international private law pays great deal of attention to the problem of the law applicable to damageable act on the high seas, where many opinions try to solve it. The international community also takes notice of this problem as well as the result of this attention the emergence of the Brussels maritime Collision Convention in 1910. It is worth mentioning that Jordanian legislator has addressed the issue of maritime collision in the Jordanian maritime commercial law which contains numerous provisions that match perfectly with the provisions of the Brussels Collision Convention in 1910.

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