A generalized model selection framework for multi-state failure data analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to carry out a reliability analysis of a mechanical system considering the degraded states to get a proper understanding of system behavior and its propagation towards complete failure.Design/methodology/approachThe reliability analysis of computerized numerical control machine tools (CNCMTs) using a multi-state system (MSS) approach that considers various degraded states rather than a binary approach is carried out. The failures of the CNCMT are classified into five states: one fully operational state, three degraded states and one failed state.FindingsThe analysis of failure data collected from the field and tests conducted in the laboratory provided detailed understandings about the quality of the material and its failure behavior used in designing and the capability of the manufacturing system. The present work identified that Class II (major failure) is critical from a maintainability perspective whereas Class III (moderate failure) and Class IV (minor failure) are critical from a reliability perspective.Research limitations/implicationsThis research applies to reliability data analysis of systems that consider various degraded states.Practical implicationsMSS reliability analysis approach will help to identify various degraded states of the system that affect the performance and productivity and also to improve system reliability, availability and performance.Social implicationsIndustrial system designers recognized that reliability and maintainability is a critical design attribute. Reliability studies using the binary state approach are insufficient and incorrect for the systems with degraded failures states, and such analysis can give incorrect results, and increase the cost. The proposed MSS approach is more suitable for complex systems such as CNCMT rather than the binary-state system approach.Originality/valueThis paper presents a generalized framework MSS's failure and repair data analysis has been developed and applied to a CNCMT.

Peer-reviewed publications as an element of the state system of scientific attestation

The aim of the work is to analyze peer-reviewed scientific publications as an element of the state system of scientific attestation in order to improve its regulatory legal regulation. The article shows the directions of improving the formation of the list of peer-reviewed scientific publications. Suggestions are made to optimize the formation of the list of peer-reviewed scientific publications, namely, to form a list of peer-reviewed scientific publications by groups of scientific specialties without detailing by branches of science, as well as to improve some regulatory legal acts in terms of requirements for peer-reviewed scientific publications.

Feasibility of creation and use of specialized search systems for scientific and technical information

The efficiency of using global Internet search systems versus specialized systems, including the State System of Scientific and Technical Information of the Republic of Belarus, for searching the scientific and technical information is compared in this article. Potential advantages and disadvantages of STI search systems are considered. The experience of individual states in creating and maintaining the functioning of state resources of scientific and technical information is analyzed.

Methodology for the Assessment of Imprecise Multi-State System Availability

Most existing studies of a system’s availability in the presence of epistemic uncertainties assume that the system is binary. In this paper, a new methodology for the estimation of the availability of multi-state systems is developed, taking into consideration epistemic uncertainties. This paper formulates a combined approach, based on continuous Markov chains and interval contraction methods, to address the problem of computing the availability of multi-state systems with imprecise failure and repair rates. The interval constraint propagation method, which we refer to as the forward–backward propagation (FBP) contraction method, allows us to contract the probability intervals, keeping all the values that may be consistent with the set of constraints. This methodology is guaranteed, and several numerical examples of systems with complex architectures are studied.

The Main Threats and Challenges for Russia in the First Half of the XXI Century and Possible Areas of Work to Mitigate their Consequences

This article analyzes threats and challenges for the Russian Federation in the first half of the XXI century and identifies possible directions for improving security in emergency situations based on the use of new approaches in organizational, legal, scientific and technical support of measures, management bodies and civil defense forces and the unified state system of emergency prevention and response (RSChS).

Public Administration Education

Kyrgyzstan is a relatively young state that was previously part of the USSR. As a legacy from this state, Kyrgyzstan received an outdated command-and-control system. Almost immediately, the question of changing the state system became acute. It was necessary to reform the education system for state cadres because earlier employees could be sent from other regions of the USSR. Still, now it became necessary to train qualified personnel for each region completely independently. The subject of the chapter is the training of government personnel in Kyrgyzstan. The work aims to identify all the specific features in the training of government personnel in Kyrgyzstan, compare training with other countries, and highlight the key problems in this area. As a result of the work, the main problems will be summarized, and recommendations for eliminating these difficulties will be proposed. The work will use the following methods: analysis, generalization, description, comparison, synthesis, deduction, induction, and abstraction.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССАМИ ЭКСТРЕННОГО РЕАГИРОВАНИЯ ПРИ ЧС И ПОЖАРАХ

Статья посвящена решению проблемы многоэтапного моделирования системы управления процессами экстренного реагирования при ЧС и пожарах с постепенным повышением детализации создаваемых моделей на основе метода дедукции. В работе обоснована актуальность решения данной проблемы, обусловленная необходимостью формализации процессов управления для обеспечения компьютерной поддержки процессов управления. Разработаны концептуальные и функциональные модели с последовательным уточнением и детализацией процессов. Разработано дерево ошибок на основе методологии анализа дерева отказов (Fault tree analysis, FTA) и системного подхода с многими состояниями системы (Multi-State System, MSS). Идентифицировано место системы управления в системе классификации социально-экономических систем (СЭС). Построенные модели предназначены для формализации процессов управления в условиях ЧС и пожаров с целью обеспечения возможности осуществления из информационно-аналитической поддержки.

Principles and Significance of Criminal Policy in the Field of Crime Prevention in the Educational Environment

The modern domestic education system is developing and improving. At the same time, it often remains unprotected from various kinds of threats and dangers of a criminal nature. Of particular concern is the criminality of students, who, as practice shows, often commit illegal acts directed against other participants in educational relations. It seems that the formation and development of criminal policy in the field of prevention of all existing criminal phenomena in the field of education has an important preventive potential in this aspect. In this article, the author reveals the general and special principles of criminal policy in this sphere of public relations. The author refers to the general principles of legality, justice, humanism, equality of citizens before the law, democracy, as well as the principle of the inevitability of responsibility in the implementation of criminal policy. In turn, the special principles of criminal policy in the field of crime prevention in the educational environment include: the principle of matching tasks, powers and resources; the principle of the proactive nature of strategic decisions; the principle of scientific; the principle of complexity; the principle of compliance with morality; the principle of purposefulness; the principle of combining unity of command and collegiality. The analysis of the implementation of these principles has shown that at present, oddly enough, they are often violated during the implementation of criminal policy. However, the author believes that such violations are inevitable, since, in an effort to comply with one principle, the state to a certain extent violates the second one. In general, the criminal policy is reflected primarily in the existing normative legal acts. The analysis of these acts shows that at the present time a lot of attention is paid to the criminal policy in the field of education, but there is still no unified state strategy for the development of this area. The main goal of criminal policy in the field of crime prevention in the educational environment, according to the author, is to influence criminal phenomena by developing theoretical ideas aimed at countering and preventing crime. The author notes that the modern criminal policy of Russia is formed in two directions. The first direction is to improve legislation, and the second direction implies the formation and improvement of criminology, which reveals the nature of the grounds of crime and develops measures to prevent it. It seems that the development of these areas, as well as other scientific research in the field of criminal policy in the field of crime prevention in the educational environment, will contribute to the development of a unified state system for the prevention of all existing criminal phenomena in the field of education.

La evaluación de lo público: prácticas y comunicación en las instituciones públicas costarricenses / Evaluation of public matters: practices and communication in Costa Rican public institutions

The evaluation was not until a little more than two decades ago a relevant matter for public activity, concentrated in execution and guided by intuition, public approval or some data to record success in government work. This story has changed due to an increasingly demanding national and international context requiering transparency of public actions, efficiency in activities that each government in turn prioritizes, and of course, the effectiveness of what is proposed. The practice of evaluation in the Costa Rican state system is governed by an exhaustive normative and procedural framework. However, this platform has not necessarily ruled the execution of communication in the institutions. According to a study performed out in Costa Rican institutions between 2019-2020, first with a mapping of the communication units carried out with a survey (43) examining their operation, projects they execute and some evaluation practices they carry out; lack of rigorous evaluation practices were identified. Furthermore, these units there has no obligation to carry out operational planning of their annual activities, to apply systematic evaluations, nor are they obliged to prepare reports on the work carried out. Subsequently, an inquiry was conducted through interviews (22) with planning heads of the institutions and governing bodies to learn about the evaluation regulations, the formats and platforms used, inter-institutional link for evaluation and the scope of the mandatory nature of this function. The results suggest that the praxis of the units is dominated by the macro-institutional planning exercise that uses matrices and quantitative formats that record compliance but do not evaluate effects, changes, or impact of their activities, which reduces visibility of the public value provided by state sector, and to which is also added the work accomplish by the communication units. The true evaluation in the State is limited to a few government projects registered within the National Development Plan and not to a daily action in the entire state system. Some of the planning offices even indicate that neither planning, and even less evaluation, constitute a resource that is considered as strategic, conversely, they are seen more as an operational, compliance and organization resource, and for the different areas the filling of matrices and formats to record the execution of their tasks is an additional burden. In fact, one of the difficulties raised by these offices is the planning of their annual programs with objectives that can be evaluated, a position that is also recognized by the Contraloria General de la Republica (Comptroller General of the Republic), which indicates the absence, in a relevant percentage, of objectives in public institution programs. For the communication units, this set of practices produces inertia in the communicative action, little or no influence of the communication units in the institutional decision-making process, and an operational focus on execution, which reduces their strategic role. It is also clear that there is a predominance in the use of techniques and tools for reporting results in communication that does not correspond to evaluation, measurement is used with greater emphasis, and even in some cases the use of reportings which not apply to neither of the two processes.