scholarly journals Passado, presente e questões para o futuro no estudo da argumentação na fala da criança

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Maria Fausta Pereira Castro
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Cohesive Force ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
The Way

This work deals with argument construction in child speech, starting by submitting to revision some of the questions handled by the author all along her research on that subject. In order to stress the theoretical moves which have been made, two main questions were brought into discussion. Namely, the presence of arguments from the adult speech in the child utterances and the effect of argumentative utterances of the type x connective y in restraining deviation in dialogue, thus assuring both meaning and unity. However, the cohesive force of arguments is not free from being disrupted by dispersion and unpredictability. The unfolding of this theoretical perspective opens the way to a hypothesis both on language functioning and on the subjectivity who is constituded in it.

scholarly journals The metaphoric motivation of the caused-motion construction: A case study of perception

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Del Campo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
External Constraints ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Way

<p>This article addresses the caused-motion construction from the theoretical perspective of the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM). Within the LCM, the way in which lexical templates fuse with constructional templates is coerced by internal and external constraints. Internal constraints specify the conditions under which allow predicates to take part in a construction. External constraints take the form of high-level metaphoric and metonymic operations that affect lexical-constructional subsumption. This proposal makes use of the theoretical tools of the LCM with a view to exploring instantiations of the construction with verbs of perception. Apart from internal constraints, high-level metaphor will be found to play a prominent role in the construal of the examples under scrutiny. The study will suffice to point out that the semantics of the caused-motion construction needs to be understood with reference to the underlying metaphoric mappings.</p>

Three Perspectives on Swedish Indefinite Determiners

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Nivre
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Formal Semantic ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Swedish Data ◽  
The Way

This article investigates the meaning and use of singular indefinite determiners in Swedish, in particular the way in which the existential determiner någon/något contrasts with the indefinite article en/ett in different contexts. The problem is approached from three different perspectives, the first being a contrastive Scandinavian perspective, where the Swedish data are reviewed in the light of contrastive data from the closely related languages Danish and Norwegian. Secondly, corpus data are used to substantiate the results of the contrastive analysis both quantitatively and qualitatively. The last section adopts a more theoretical perspective and tries to present a formal semantic analysis of the two determiners under study, drawing on typological work on indefinites and studies of the historical development of indefinite determiners.

Physics of Galaxy Evolution

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Loeb ◽  
Steven R. Furlanetto
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Galaxy Evolution ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Dwarf Galaxies ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cosmic History ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines galaxies in some detail from a largely theoretical perspective. Along the way, one must bear in mind that, although the described progression of events in this chapter is plausible, at this time it is only a conjecture in the minds of theorists that has not yet been confirmed by observational data. This chapter therefore focuses only on the physics that drive these interstellar objects, showing how the earliest dwarf galaxies eventually merged and made bigger galaxies. A present-day galaxy like our own Milky Way was constructed over cosmic history by the assembly of a million building blocks in the form of the first dwarf galaxies.

The Ability of Children With Language Impairment to Manipulate Topic in a Structured Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Brinton ◽  
Martin Fujiki ◽  
Jann M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Way

This study investigated the way in which 10 children with specific language impairment (SLI), 10 typical children of similar chronological ages (CA), and 10 typical children at similar levels of language functioning (LS) maintained topics that were introduced to them by an adult investigator. Two different types of topics were introduced in interaction with each child. One topic type involved verbal introduction of an object, the other involved verbal introduction of an event. Although most subject in all groups contributed appropriate utterances in response to the examiner’s topics, subjects with SLI contributed more inappropriate utterances than subject in either of the other groups. Children with SLI demonstrated particular difficulty with verbal topics when compared with their CA and LS peers.

scholarly journals Adverbial quantification and focus in Hausa

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-467
Author(s):  
Malte Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Focus Particles ◽  
Tone Language ◽  
Tone Languages ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Focus Marking ◽  
Universal Mechanism ◽  
The Way

The paper investigates the interaction of focus and adverbial quantification in Hausa, a Chadic tone language spoken in West Africa. The discussion focuses on similarities and differences between intonation and tone languages concerning the way in which adverbial quantifiers (AQs) and focus particles (FPs) associate with focus constituents. It is shown that the association of AQs with focused elements does not differ fundamentally in intonation and tone languages such as Hausa, despite the fact that focus marking in Hausa works quite differently. This may hint at the existence of a universal mechanism behind the interpretation of adverbial quantifiers across languages. From a theoretical perspective, the Hausa data can be taken as evidence in favour of pragmatic approaches to the focus-sensitivity of AQs, such as e.g. Beaver & Clark (2003).  

Reflections on donors, opposition and popular will in the 1996 Zambian general elections

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kees van Donge
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
National Interest ◽  
International Community ◽  
Political Group ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Way

The Zambian general elections held on 18 November 1996 to elect a president and parliament are of more than merely national interest. Even before the elections took place, a vocal opposition already doubted their genuineness, and these claims have found considerable international sympathy. The Zambian government and those who voted them into power for a second term, however, consider these elections a hallmark of the success of the reintroduction of multi-partyism, which Zambia was one of the first, and one of the most successful, to reintroduce in Africa. These elections, therefore, provide a case in which to analyse a triangular interaction which is common in Africa: the interaction between an incumbent political group, an opposition which does not accept the victory of the former, and the international community. This article aims to offer a theoretical perspective on the way in which these three groups of actors intermesh; but, in order to ground these more theoretical concerns in an understanding of the empirical realities, an attempt is made first to capture the essence of the conflicts involved.

The Legal Certification of Sex in Belgium over Time. Ideological Effects and Practical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Aguirre-Sánchez-Beato ◽  
Caroline Closon ◽  
Isabelle Rorive
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Trans People ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
The Way

<p><br />Belgium has recently modified the way ‘sex’ is legally certified for trans* people following the principle of self-determination. However, like in most countries, this modification has not changed the way ‘sex’ is determined for all members of society, being limited to trans* people. How is sex legally certified for different categories of people in Belgium and what are the effects thereof? Drawing on the theoretical perspective of discursive psychology (DP), we consider sex/gender categories as something constructed in discourse – in this case, legislative discourse – and not as an essentialist and pre-discursive reality. Categories are thus an effect of discourse: what discourse accomplishes or constructs. Based on this premise, this paper aims at elucidating the ideological effects and practical implications of the legal certification of sex in Belgium. The effects of the legislative discourse are ideological in the sense that they establish social norms, in this case, regarding sex/gender, leading to practical implications in everyday life. To elucidate these effects, we first identified Belgian civil law on the legal certification of sex since the establishment of Belgium as a sovereign state. We then applied a DP-inspired analytical device comprising a qualitative content analysis and the examination of content variability. The variability of discourse is a key analytical tool to elucidate the effects of discourse since these are not directly observable. The results show that the analysed legislation constructs women and men as natural categories. This is carried out through: 1) the establishment of a distinction between the population at large (unmarked) and those ‘outside the norm’ (marked subjects: ‘transgender’, ‘intersex’); 2) the lack of legal regulation of the attribution of sex markers at birth, being taken for granted; 3) the regulation of the latter only in ‘abnormal cases’ (called ‘children suffering from sexual ambiguity’); and 4) the fact that gender identity is recognised as a criterion for the attribution of sex markers only for trans* people, presented as an exception to the norm. This variability reifies sexual dimorphism and naturalises the correspondence between ‘biological sex’ and gender identity, thereby constituting ‘normative’ and ‘deviant’ sex/gender categories. The results are discussed in light of the practical implications that this legal norm has in everyday life.</p><p> </p>

Liberal World Orders

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
World Order ◽  
International Order ◽  
Classical Liberalism ◽  
Political Values ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
Historical Origins ◽  
The Way

Liberal world order is seen by many as either a fading international order in response to declining American hegemony, or as a failing international order riddled with internal tensions and contradicting positions. Either way, it is assumed to be in crisis. This book does not reject this claim. Nor does it deny that liberalism contains many inconsistencies. Instead, it argues that much of the literature has been conditioned by a view that sees liberal order's crisis primarily as a crisis of authority and which does not look further back than the twentieth century. As a result liberalism was shorn of its historical origins and previous rich debates about similar tensions and contradiction to those of today's liberal order. The volume questions the nature of liberal order's crisis by positing that liberal order's continual renewal was achieved through crisis, and it challenges the way in which the debate about liberalism has been conducted within the International Relations academy. Against the theoreticians it holds the position that liberalism has suffered from being too closely tied to the quest for scientific authenticity, resulting in a theoretical perspective with little or no commitment to political values and political vision. By turning the classical liberalism of Kant, Paine, and Mill into neoliberalism, liberalism lost its critical and normative potential. Against the policymakers, the volume holds the position that the practices of liberal order are resilient and have proved durable despite liberal order's many crises and despite liberal order's inconsistencies and tensions.

Paving the way for the synthesis of a series of divalent actinide complexes: a theoretical perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 3102-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.-Y. Wu ◽  
J.-H. Lan ◽  
C.-Z. Wang ◽  
Z.-P. Cheng ◽  
Z.-F. Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Actinide Ions ◽  
The Way

A series of divalent actinide species were systematically studied to identify the interactions between the +2 actinide ions and Cp′ ligands.

‘Silver Cups Versus Ice Creams’: Parental Involvement With the Construction of Gender in the Field of Their Son’s Soccer

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Claringbould ◽  
Johanna Adriaanse
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Ice Creams ◽  
The Way

This study explores parents’ gendered meanings in their involvement with their son’s soccer participation. We use Bourdieu’s (1985; 1990; 2012) theoretical perspective of fields, positions, habitus and taking positions to examine the way in which parents in two Dutch soccer clubs reconstruct and negotiate gendered meanings through expressions, positioning and power relations within the field of their son’s soccer. The findings suggest that, within this field, a subdivision exists between the ‘main’ field, represented by masculine meanings, and the subordinated ‘serving-the-main’ field, represented by feminine values. The study contributes to a better understanding of the processes involved in the construction of gender in both subfields and highlights the way in which women who enter the ‘main’ field can be theorized as ‘space invaders’.

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