scholarly journals The Plague of Octopus on the South Coast, and its effect on the Crab and Lobster Fisheries.

1900 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Garstang
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Channel Islands ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unlimited Number ◽  
Common Octopus ◽  
First Time

Until the spring of 1899 the true or common octopus (Octopus vulgaris, L.) had been comparatively rare in the neighbourhood of Plymouth during the past ten or twelve years—i.e. since the opening of the Plymouth Laboratory in 1888. Specimens could only be obtained for the aquarium at long intervals, in spite of the tempting inducements offered to fishermen. As much as ten shillings has more than once been given to fishermen for a specimen of this voracious mollusk. On the other hand, the smaller and less powerful octopod known as Eledone cirrosa was almost always obtainable, and the octopus tank in the aquarium was rarely devoid of several specimens.In the early part of last year (1899) the situation began to change, and we were for the first time able to keep the tank supplied with a number of true octopus, since which date there has been no difficulty in procuring an unlimited number of specimens, either from the professional fishermen or in the ordinary course of our own fishing operations.We noticed this increase in the abundance of octopus before there was any means of judging whether it was a purely local phenomenon, or was observable over a wider area. The first specimens were brought to us in January, and from May onwards they were obtained in increasing abundance. Early in the same year, however (though I have no exact record of the date), a visitor from the Channel Islands informed me that the increase of octopus in those islands was so great as to have already caused much damage to the shell fisheries there, since the octopus entered the pots of the fishermen, and destroyed the crabs and lobsters which had been caught.

scholarly journals THE WHITE-GRUBS INJURING SUGAR CANE IN PORTO RICO

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-91
Author(s):  
Eugene Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
The Past

The larvas of all injurious Scarabaeid beetles are known popularly as white-grubs, and those occurring in Porto Rico are injurious either as grub, or as adult to the sugar-cane plant, particularly in the drier sections of the Island. An economical way of controlling these grubs is much desired, and it has been with the object of finding some ultimate method of control that the intensive studies of the life-histories of the species have been made.Up to the present date ten distinct species of white-grubs have been segregated and studied. Of these, four belong to the genus Phyllophaga (better known as Lacknosierna) and one to the genus Phytalus in the tribe Melolonthini, while the other five belong tothree genera in the tribe Dynastini, which includes the large rhinoceros beetles. The present paper deals only with grubs of the first tribe, known as May-beetles, and is an accumulation of data compiled from observations and life-history studies made by the author during the past four years. The work was conducted at the South Coast Laboratory, located near Guánica Centrale, which is in the heart of the district suffering most from the attack of white-grubs.

The Huarango: The Genus Prosopis on the South Coast

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beresford-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
New World ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
The Past ◽  
True Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The huarango are a species of the genus Prosopis, one of the most common plants found along the watercourses of New World deserts and members of a family of nitrogen-fixing, bean-producing plants — the legumes — whose importance to humankind is second only to that of the cereal grasses and with which our relationship is even older. Today, perceptions of the genus are deeply divided between appreciation of its value on the one hand, and intense dislike of it as a thorny, invasive weed on the other. This chapter sifts through the reasons for this and a history of misidentification, in order to identify the particular characteristics of the huarango and, thereby, its true value as a human resource in the past. It suggests that thousands of years of co-evolution with humans have left their mark on the tree's form on the south coast of Peru.

scholarly journals Observations upon the marine barometer, made during the examina­tion of the coasts of New Holland and New Wales, in the Years 1801, 1802, and 1803. By Matthew Flinders, Esq. Com­mander of His Majesty’s Ship Investigator . In a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, K. B. P. R. S. &c. &c. &c

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 230-232
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
South Side ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Southern Half ◽  
The Right

The chief circumstance that induced Capt. Flinders to think his observations Upon the marine barometer were worthy of attention, was the coincidence that took place between the rising and falling of the mercury, and the setting in of winds that blew from the sea and from off the land, to which there seemed to be at least as much reference as to the strength of the wind or the state of the atmosphere. Our author’s examination of the coasts of New Holland and the other parts of the Terra Australis, began at Cape Leuwen, and con­tinued eastward along the south coast. His observations, which, on account of their length, we must pass over, show, that a change of wind from the northern half of the compass to any point in the southern half, caused the mercury to rise; and that a contrary change caused it to fall. Also, that the mercury stood considerably higher When the wind came from the south side of east and west, than when, in similar weather, it came from the north side.

Protogeometric Vases from Amorgos in the Museum of the British School

1989 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
R.W.V. Catling ◽  
R.E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Early History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
British School ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Two vases, a cup and an oinochoe, from Arkesine in south-west Amorgos are published for the first time. It is argued that both are probably Middle Protogeometric, one an import from Euboia, the other from the south-east Aegean; chemical analysis supports both attributions. Their implications for the early history of Amorgos are discussed.

scholarly journals The radular apparatus of cephalopods

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1380) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Messenger ◽  
J. Z. Young
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
Hard Material ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Front End ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
Receptor Organ ◽  
First Time ◽  
Support Rod

This paper describes the ontogeny, breakdown and absorption of the radular teeth of cephalopods and, for the first time, considers the function of the ‘bolsters’ or radular support muscles. The radular ribbon, which bears many regularly arranged transverse rows of teeth one behind the other, lies in a radular canal that emerges from the radular sac. Here the radular teeth are formed by a set of elongate cells with microvilli, the odontoblasts. These are organized into two layers, the outer producing the radular membrane and the bases of the teeth, the inner producing the cusps. The odontoblasts also secrete the hyaline shield and the teeth on the lateral buccal palps, when these are present. At the front end of the radular ribbon the teeth become worn in feeding and are replaced from behind by new ones formed continuously in the radular sac, so that the whole ribbon moves forward during ontogeny. Removal of the old teeth is achieved by cells in the radular organs; these cells, which are formed from modified odontoblasts (‘odontoclasts’), dissolve the teeth and membranes and absorb them. There is a subradular organ in all cephalopods. In Octopus vulgaris , which bores into mollusc shells and crustacean carapaces, it is especially well–developed and there is also a supraradular organ. A characteristic feature of the cephalopod radular apparatus is the pair of large radular support muscles or ‘bolsters’. Their function seems never to have been investigated, but experiments reported here show that when they elongate, the radular teeth become erect at the bending plane and splayed, presumably enhancing their ability to rake food particles into the pharynx. The bolsters of Octopus function as muscular hydrostats: because their volume is fixed, contraction of their powerful transverse muscles causes them to elongate. In decapods and in nautiloids each bolster contains a ‘support rod’ of semi–fluid material, as well as massive transverse musculature. This rod may elongate to erect the radular teeth. At the extreme front end of the bolsters in Octopus there are many nerve fibres that may constitute a receptor organ signalling the movements of the radula against hard material. Such nerves are absent from decapods and from octopods that do not bore holes. The buccal mass of Nautilus is massive, with heavily calcified tips to the beaks and a wide radular ribbon, with 13 rather than nine elements in each row. Nevertheless all the usual coleoid features are present in the radular apparatus and the teeth are formed and broken down in the same way. However, Nautilus has a unique structure, the radular appendage. This comprises a papillate mass extending over the palate in the mid–line and forming paired lateral masses that are in part secretory. The organ is attached to the front of the radula by muscles and connective tissue. Its function is unknown.

scholarly journals CONCERNING TICKS

1898 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Holland
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Past Summer

The other day a distinguished artist friend of mine called upon me with a small bottle containing some whiskey, which by its odour I judged was good, when he first took it from his flask, and in it was what he denominated a “bug.” He told me that he had experienced “one of the most wonderful adventures of his life” in connection with the specimen he put before me, and went on to tell me that during the past summer, while sketching in the mountains, he had discovered one evening, when undressing, a small, dark swelling on his breast. He thought it to be a little abnormal growth on the skin and paid no attention to it. From time to time he noticed it afterwards, when retiring, and found to his considerable alarm that it was gradually growing larger, and evil thoughts of cancer, tumors, and what not, began to float through his mind. Finally, after some two weeks had passed, one evening, as he expressed it, “while fooling with the darned thing it came off” He laid it down on the dressing-case before him and was presently astounded to see it slowly crawling away from the spot. Then a small bottle was sought out, the whiskey flask was brought into requisition, and the “bug” was safely bottled, to be referred to me for an explanation. This proved not difficult to give. The specimen was a well-developed example of Ixodes albipictus, Packard. We had a hearty laugh together, and my friend assured me that he “would know better the next time, and not let such creatures establish such a lengthy abode upon his person.” His adventure recalled to me a letter which I have long had in my possession, intending to publish it, as it is very well written, and adds a touch of humour to the subject. The specimen referred to in the letter is in my collection, and proves to be an example of Ixodes bovis, a very common plague in the south-western part fo this country.

scholarly journals Observations on seals on the island of Surtsey in the period 1980-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Erlingur Hauksson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Site ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
The Other ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Harbour Seal ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
The South ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Harbour Seals

Grey seals (Halichoerus grypus Fabricius) and harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L.) have been surveyed on the coasts of Iceland since 1980. During the period 1980-2012, both seal species have declined markedly in numbers at the Icelandic coast. The grey seal has established a considerable breeding site on the northern spit of the Surtsey island. This is at present one of the biggest grey seal rookeries on the southern shores of Iceland, with estimated about 60 pups born there in the autumn of 2012. On the other hand, the harbour seal has not been numerous on Surtsey during breeding time in the summer. Breeding sites of harbour seals on the south coast of Iceland closest to Surtsey are in the estuaries of the glacial rivers Ölfusá, Þjórsá, Markarfljót and Kúðafljót. Harbour seals, however, haul-out in great numbers on the northern shores of Surtsey during the winter, presumably using the island as a resting place after foraging in the adjacent waters.

scholarly journals A review of the South American genera of Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Vilhelmsen ◽  
David R. Smith ◽  
Leonardo A. Malagòn-Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
South American ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half

The South American genera of the Cimbicidae are reviewed. Five genera and nine species are recognized. Redescriptions of all genera and an identification key to all species are provided. All species are illustrated, including both sexes and aberrant specimens when relevant. The South American Cimbicidae are grouped in the subfamily Pachylostictinae, but there is substantial morphological divergence at the genus level. This and the isolated geographic and phylogenetic position relative to the other subfamilies of Cimbicidae indicates that the Pachylostictinae have evolved in isolation for a substantial amount of time. Host plant records are known for only one species, Pseudopachylosticta subflavata, which is mainly found in the Chacoan subregion. The distribution of the remaining species falls almost exclusively within the range of the Parana subregion forest provinces, a biome that has been much reduced by human activity in the past half millennium. It is likely that these rarely collected wasps are threatened by habitat degradation.

scholarly journals First record of Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) (Octopodidae) in the Iraqi coastal waters, NW Arabian Gulf

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1048-1051
Author(s):  
Anwar M.J. Al-Maliky ◽  
Khaled Kh. Al-Khafaji ◽  
Tariq H. Al-Maliky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Other ◽  
Octopus Vulgaris ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

The present study identifies one species of the genus Octopus in the order: Octopoda (Cephalopoda: Mollusca), recorded forthe first time in the Iraqi coastal waters and Arabian-Persian Gulf. The study extended from January 2019 to December of thesame year. The Octopus specimens were seasonally obtained from the fishing trawlers operating in the Iraqi coastal waters inthe South of Al- Fao District, Basrah- Iraq, NW Arabian Gulf. The Octopus was identified as O. vulgaris in Iraqi coastal watersdepending on morphological features. The habitats of living specimens are briefly described. Some observations were reported on the occurrence of this species and the measurement of some environmental factors. The species was identified up to spe-cies level using standard literature. This species looks similar morphologically to the species which is already identified from the other areas around the world. The present study records significant expansion in the distribution range of this species.

The genus Rubus in South Africa. I. Chromosome numbers and geographical distribution of species

Bothalia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 591-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
H. Du Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
African Species ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
First Time

The geographical distribution of 14 of the Rubus species in South Africa is presented. Chromosome numbers of nine of the species were determined: six for the first time, one is confirmed and additional polyploid levels are described for the other two species. It is demonstrated that the South African species of the subgenus Idaeobatus contain less diploid specimens and more polyploid specimens than their extra-African counterparts. This phenomenon could be attributed to hybridization between the subgenera Eubatus and  Idaeobatus.

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