The iron content of sea water

1957 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. J. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
English Channel ◽  
And Storage

A method, suitable for routine use, of determining total iron in sea water is described. The water is acidified to about o·13N with hydrochloric acid and is heated for 5 h in an autoclave at 140°C. Iron is determined absorptiometrically with 1:1 phenanthroline after reduction with hydroxylamine hydrochloride.Tests of the method, collection and storage of samples and the variability of results are described.Iron contents of water samples from the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay are reported.

Seasonal Changes in the Nitrite Content of Sea-Water

1930 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. G. Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Inshore Water ◽  
Board Ship ◽  
Nitrite Content

Brandt (1927) has summarised and reviewed our knowledge of the nitrogen compounds existing in sea-water, including nitrites. In general, estimations of nitrite in sea-water have been made colorimetrically, using the Griess-Ilosvay reagent, which has also been used in the present work. Usually the amount of nitrite found, recorded as milligrams of nitrogen per cubic metre, was small. Raben's results have been grouped by Brandt as follows, 0 mg., 48 cases; under 1 mg., 53 cases; 1–4 mg., 21 cases; 5–9 mg., 6 cases. Orr (1926) in the Clyde Area, found from under 1 mg. to about 10 mg. in June 1925, the deeper water having more than the upper layers. Harvey (1926) states that, “in a number of. water samples from the English Channel, examined either on board ship or immediately after landing, no definitely detectable traces of nitrites could be found either by the Griess-Ilosvay reagent or with the strychnine reagent without sulphuric acid, except in the case of inshore water subject to pollution. After storage-an appreciable quantity of nitrite has been detected in several instances. In water from 830 metres in the Bay of Biscay, preserved with mercuric chloride when collected, and in water at various depths up to 3000 metres, similarly preserved, collected by the R.R.S. Discovery some 200 miles west of Portugal, no nitrite could be definitely detected.”

Effect of Domestic Processing and Cooking Methods on Total, HCl Extractable Iron and in vitro availability of Iron in Spinach and Amaranth Leaves

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Yadav ◽  
S. Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
In Vitro Availability ◽  
Domestic Processing ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Extractable Iron

Spinach ( Spinacia oleracia) and amaranth ( Amaranthus tricolor) leaves were stored in polyethylene bags and without packing for 24 and 48 hours in a refrigerator at 5°C and 30°C in polyethylene bags. The fresh leaves were also dried (oven and sun), blanched (5, 10 and 15 min) and cooked in an open pan and a pressure cooker. The processed leaves were analysed for total iron, its availability and antinutrient content. The iron content of these leaves varied from 26.54 to 34.14 mg/l00g, dry weight and its HCl-extractability and in vitro availability were 62.11–67.18% and 3.03–3.97% of total respectively. Drying and storage had no significant effect on total iron content, Hel-extractability and availability ( in vitro), while blanching and cooking resulted in significant improvement of iron availability, and a significant reduction in oxalic acid content, while only blanching significantly reduced phytic acid and polyphenol contents. Thus cooking and blanching are good ways to improve HCl-extractability and in vitro availability of iron.

An investigation of some methods used for the determination of silicate in sea water

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Liss ◽  
C. P. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
And Storage

Methods of filtration and storage of sea-water samples intended for silicate analysis have been investigated. The desirability in some circumstances of filtering water samples before analysis has been demonstrated. The behaviour of three recommended methods for the analysis of silicate in sea water has been compared by inter-calibration studies.

scholarly journals Studies on marine flagellates. V. Morphology and microanatomy of Chrysochromulina strobilus sp. nov.

1959 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Parke ◽  
Irene Manton ◽  
B. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Bottle ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
First Time ◽  
Depth Distributions

The new species to be described here is very common in the English Channel, though like other members of this genus it is so fragile that it needs to be cultured to be effectively detected. This particular species has been under observation for some years, but publication has been deferred until sections of it could be made available. The observations involved in the taxonomic description have been based on two early isolates numbered 4 and 43 in the Plymouth collection. More recently, however, it has been encountered frequently in routine sea-water samples brought into temporary culture to record the nanoplankton forms present, and we are therefore able for the first time to give tables of seasonal and depth distributions for the incidence of the species, at various stations. In Table i of Appendix (p. 187) its occurrences are listed, all being from water-bottle samples, except those taken on 23 August 1950 and 6 November 1957 (fine tow-net) and on 19 June 1957 (very fine tow-net). Table 2 (p. 188) gives densities at different depths sampled on one day at Hydrographic Station E 1.

scholarly journals Massive upward displacement in the deep ocean

1960 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
L. H. N. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Upward Displacement ◽  
Working Hypotheses ◽  
Standard Station

For a third of a century many and varied studies on sea water have been concentrated upon a single accessible shallow-water station in the English Channel, EI, supplemented by more extensive excursions usually designed to test working hypotheses. This concentration of effort has been richly rewarded. In deep-water oceanography a similar approach is appropriate; a standard station, ‘Cavall’ has therefore been selected in the north-eastern Bay of Biscay in 4700 m of water at lat. 46° 30' N., long. 8° 00' W., nominal, a position worked by the Danish Research Vessel ‘Dana’ in 1922 and 1930. It is not only the nearest deep water position to Plymouth but it has best possible coverage by the Decca Navigator system. For our experimental programme it is essential that the station positions be maintained and repeated precisely. To achieve this a working Decca chartlet (Fig. 1) on a scale of 1:20,000 has been prepared for each station from a portion of the Admiralty Decca Lattice chart no. L 1104. On this a circle of radius one mile is inscribed. Throughout operations the ship is maintained within this circle by stopping work when necessary and steaming back on Decca co-ordinates towards the centre, or beyond to pre-compensate expected drift.

SITE-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR COASTAL SEA AREAS AND INLAND WATER BODIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Sea

This article presents a new method of laboratory density determination and construction equations of state for marine waters with various ionic compositions and salinities was developed. The validation of the method was performed using the Ocean Standard Seawater and the UNESCO thermodynamic equation of state (EOS-80). Density measurements of water samples from the Aral Sea, the Black Sea and the Issyk-Kul Lake were performed using a high-precision laboratory density meter. The obtained results were compared with the density values calculated for the considered water samples by the EOS-80 equation. It was shown that difference in ionic composition between Standard Seawater and the considered water bodies results in significant inaccuracies in determination of water density using the EOS-80 equation. Basing on the laboratory measurements of density under various salinity and temperature values we constructed a new equation of state for the Aral Sea and the Black Sea water samples and estimated errors for their coefficients.

THE IMPACT OF WIND CONDITIONS ON THE LEVELS OF TOTAL IRON CONTENT IN THE SEA OF AZOV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Fedorov ◽  
Yuri Fedorov ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Irina Dotsenko ◽  
Leonid Dmitrik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
Open Area ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Taganrog Bay

The distribution and behavior of certain of trace elements in sea water is greatly affected by both physical, chemical and hydrometeorological conditions that are showed in the scientific works of prof. Yu.A. Fedorov with coauthors (1999-2015). Due to the shallow waters last factor is one of the dominant, during the different wind situation changes significantly the dynamics of water masses and interaction in the system “water – suspended matter – bottom sediments”.Therefore, the study of the behavior of the total iron in the water of the sea at different wind situation is relevant. The content of dissolved iron forms migration in The Sea of Azov water (open area) varies from 0.017 to 0.21 mg /dm3 (mean 0.053 mg /dm3) and in Taganrog Bay from 0.035 to 0.58 mg /dm3 (mean 0.11 mg /dm3) and it is not depending on weather conditions.The reduction in the overall iron concentration in the direction of the Taganrog Bay → The Sea of Azov (open area) is observed on average more than twice. The dissolved iron content exceeding TLV levels and their frequency of occurrence in the estuary, respectively, were higher compared with The Sea of Azov (open area).There is an increase in the overall iron concentration in the water of the Azov Sea on average 1.5 times during the storm conditions, due to the destruction of the structure of the upper layer and resuspension of bottom sediments, intensifying the transition of iron compounds in the solution.

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