Displacement and Arrest of Root Formation in a Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor Subsequent to Trauma to the Primary Predecessor: A Case Report

The present report aimed to explore the case of an 8-year-old patient with chief complaint of the lack of eruption of the maxillary right permanent central incisor, referring to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The corresponding tooth on the contralateral side had fully erupted. The patient’s history revealed that the predecessor deciduous tooth had sustained a trauma, resulting in the partial intrusion of the tooth into the alveolar bone, that is, the relative intrusion of the deciduous central incisor. CBCT examinations were ordered for further evaluation, which showed the upward displacement of the permanent tooth bud in the alveolar bone as a result of the trauma, adhering to the floor of the nasal cavity. Therefore, root formation was halted, making the tooth embedded.

Uphill Shifts of Fungal Fruiting Due to Climate Change at the Polar Urals

Due to the ongoing climatic changes in the Arctic, the ranges of many plants and animal species are rising higher into the mountains, into the treeline; however, such studies are rare for fungi. The 60-year fruiting dynamics of 66 species of Agaricomycetous macrofungi has been studied along the altitudinal transect located on the slope of Slantsevaya Mountain (Polar Urals, Russia). It has been found that the three basic trophic groups (mycorrhizal, saprobes on litter and soil, and saprobes on wood) fruit higher in the mountains. Additionally, for most of the studied species, a tendency towards upward displacement of fruiting was revealed. The rise in fruiting for saprobes on litter and soil was the most obvious. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with woody plants showed the least uplifting effect. Fungal species that were characterized by fruiting higher up the mountainside half a century ago show stronger upward shifts compared to species previously bearing fruit only at the mountain foot. Probably, such a reaction of the aboveground mycobiota is similar to the processes occurring in the soil, which are associated with an active increase in the decomposition rate of the litter, an increase in the depth of permafrost thawing, and a significant redistribution of the soil water balance. On the other hand, the rise of fungi is associated with an increase of plant biomass in the middle and upper parts, which are the most important sources of fungal nutrition.

DANDY WALKER MALFORMATION: A RARE CASE REPORT

Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) or syndrome is a posterior fossa anomaly characterized by agenesis or hypoplasia of the vermis and cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle causing upward displacement of tentorium and torcula. Most patients have hydrocephalus at the time of diagnosis. DMW is the most common posterior fossa malformation, and it typically occurs sporadically. This is a case report of male fetus that was diagnosed to have Dandy Walker Malformation during the antenatal obstetric scans.

Advancing clinical genetics diagnostic skills: Cherubism

Background: Cherubism is a very rare, mostly a childhood condition that can be horribly disfiguring. We have previously reported our extensive experiences with the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders in a plethora of publications. We have previously reported a large number of rare conditions in Iraq, and we have also helped physicians in the diagnosis and publication of rare syndromes observed in other countries. The aim of this papers is to help physicians in advancing the diagnostic skills in the field of clinical genetics by reviewing briefly a rare syndrome that have not been reported in Iraq, but it is associated with certain clinical characteristics that allow an early diagnosis when seen for the first time. Patients and methods: During the last week of January, 2021, several TV channels presented and discussed the problem of two brothers from Egypt who were considered to have a very rare poorly defined condition that has been associated with progressive disfigurement which resulted in embarrassing social encounters. The cases of the two brothers are presented. Results: The older brother aged 15 and the younger brother aged 14 years. Both had abnormal bilateral and symmetric growth of the jaw resulting in a wide jaw appearance and a round and swollen appearance of cheeks. They also had no teeth on the lower jaw and loose or misplaced teeth on the upper jaw. The parents and a third brother were unaffected. Both children didn’t have mental retardation. The older brother had more severe disfigurement, and many people were asking him to remove the mask he is wearing. He also had very poor vision of left eye resulting from the pressure effect and upward displacement of the eye. The younger brother had a surgical operation to remove a benign tumor from the lower jaw which reduced his disfigurement. Conclusion: Awareness of doctors with this condition “Cherubism” is helpful, and denosumab can be tried in severe cases based on the evidence provided by Bar Droma et al (2020).

Advancing Clinical Genetics Diagnostic Skills: Cherubism.

1. Abstract 1.1. Background: Cherubism is a very rare, mostly a childhood condition that can be horribly disfiguring. We have previously reported our extensive experiences with the diagnosis of rare genetic disorders in a plethora of publications. We have previously reported a large number of rare conditions in Iraq and we have also helped physicians in the diagnosis and publication of rare syndromes observed in other countries. The aim of this papers is to help physicians in advancing the diagnostic skills in the field of clinical genetics by reviewing briefly a rare syndrome that have not been reported in Iraq, but it is associated with certain clinical characteristics that allow an early diagnosis when seen for the first time. 1.2. Patients and methods: During the last week of January, 2021, several TV channels presented and discussed the problem of two brothers from Egypt who were considered to have a very rare poorly defined condition that has been associated with progressive disfigurement which resulted in embarrassing social encounters. The cases of the two brothers are presented. 1.3. Results: The older brother aged 15 and the younger brother aged 14 years. Both had abnormal bilateral and symmetric growth of the jaw resulting in a wide jaw appearance and a round and swollen appearance of cheeks. They also had no teeth on the lower jaw and loose or misplaced teeth on the upper jaw. The parents and a third brother were unaffected. Both children didn’t have mental retardation. The older brother had more severe disfigurement and many people were asking him to remove the mask he is wearing. He also had very poor vision of left eye resulting from the pressure effect and upward displacement of the eye. The younger brother had a surgical operation to remove a benign tumor from the lower jaw which reduced his disfigurement. Conclusion: Awareness of doctors with this condition “Cherubism” is helpful and denosumab can be tried in severe cases based on the evidence provided by Bar Droma, et al (2020).

A Rare Case of Giant Dacryocystomucopyocele

Chronic dacryocystitis is frequently caused by Naso Lacrimal Duct (NLD) infection or obstruction. Mucocele is formed when chronic stagnation of tears occurs in the lacrimal sac. When mucocoele gets infected with pyogenic organisms, pyocele is formed. Proximal obstruction in mucopyocele causing encysted dacryocystomucopyocele presenting as an enormous swelling is very uncommon. Very few cases of giant encysted dacryocystomucopyocele are reported in literature. The authors report a 42-year-old male with an acquired, enormous dacryocystomucopyocele, which developed over only one and half years and produced upward displacement of the lower lid and mechanical obstruction for eye closure. Computed tomography of orbit and paranasal sinuses was done to confirm the diagnosis and find out the extent of cyst. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was performed. There was no recurrence of the swelling at last follow-up at 1 year.

Research on the displacement change of construction enclosure system of deep foundation

By analyzing the monitoring data of the excavation of foundation, the maximum lateral displacement depth and the top vertical displacement of the retaining wall, the vertical displacement of the column are studied. Research indicates that the 3rd power polynomial curve can better fit the depth change law of the maximum lateral deformation of retaining wall at each monitoring point；the fourth support demolition has great influence on the lateral displacement and deformation of retaining wall. The excavation of the third layer has greatly increased the deformation of the top of retaining wall. After the second support is removed, the vertical deformation of the top of the retaining wall change to negative. The vertical deformation of the column gradually decreases until the deformation becomes smooth after the first support is removed. The deep excavation should be paid attention to the monitoring of the internal displacement and the upward displacement of the retaining wall, the vertical displacement of the column from the excavation of the third layer to the removal of the fourth support.

Stride-Phase Kinematic Parameters That Predict Peak Elbow Varus Torque

Background: During baseball pitching, a high amount of elbow varus torque in the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase is thought to be a biomechanical risk factor for medial elbow pain and injury. The biomechanics of the stride phase may provide preparation for the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase that follows it. Purpose: To determine the kinematic parameters that predict peak elbow varus torque during the stride phase of pitching. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Participants were 107 high school baseball pitchers (age range, 15-18 years) without shoulder or elbow problems. Whole-body kinematics and kinetics during fastball pitching were analyzed using 3-dimensional measurements from 36 retroreflective markers. A total of 26 kinematic parameters of the upper and lower limbs during the stride phase leading up to the stride foot contact were extracted for multiple regression analysis to assess their combined effect on the magnitude of peak elbow varus torque. Results: Increased wrist extension, elbow pronation, knee flexion on the leading leg, knee extension on the trailing leg at stride foot contact, and upward displacement of the body’s center of mass in the stride phase were significantly correlated with decreased peak elbow varus torque (all P < .05). Moreover, 38% of the variance in peak elbow varus torque was explained by a combination of these 5 significant kinematic variables ( P < .001). Conclusion: We found that 5 kinematic parameters during the stride phase and the combination of these parameters were associated with peak elbow varus torque. The stride phase provides biomechanical preparation for pitching and plays a key role in peak elbow varus torque in subsequent pitching phases. Clinical Relevance: The present data can be used to screen pitching mechanics with motion capture assessment to reduce peak elbow varus torque. Decreased peak elbow varus torque is expected to reduce the risk of elbow medial pain and injury.

3-D ocean particle tracking modeling reveals extensive vertical movement and downstream interdependence of closed areas in the northwest Atlantic

Novel 3-D passive particle tracking experiments were performed in the northwest Atlantic to elucidate connectivity among areas closed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems. We examined (1) the degree of vertical movement of particles released at different depths and locations; (2) the location of potential source populations for the deep-sea taxa protected by the closures; and (3) the degree of functional connectivity. A long-term oceanographic dataset (EN4) was queried to characterize the temperature and salinity regimes in each of the closed areas as a basis for interpreting recently published climate change projections. Using the Parcels Lagrangian particle tracking framework and the BNAM hydrodynamic model, we found enhanced connectivity over previously developed 2-D models and unexpected, current-driven, strong (to a maximum of about 1340 m) downward displacement at depth (450, 1000 and 2250 m), with weaker upward displacement except for the release depth of 2250 m which showed upward movement of 955 m with a drift duration of 3 months. The current velocities create down-stream interdependence among closed areas and allow redundancy to develop in some of the areas of the network, with some of the larger areas also showing retention. Source populations for sponges in the upstream closure are likely in adjacent waters of the Canadian continental shelf. Collectively this information can be used to inform management decisions related to the size and placement of these closed areas, and vertical velocity surfaces have potential for use in species distribution modeling of benthic species and habitats.

Observational evidence of diapycnal upwelling in a bottom enhanced mixing environment

&lt;p&gt;In the framework of the Peruvian Oxygen minimum zone System Tracer Release Experiment (POSTRE) about 70 kg of trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride (SF5CF3) was injected into the bottom boundary layer of the upper Peruvian continental slope at 250m depth in October 2015. Three different injection sites, at 10&amp;#176;45&amp;#8217;S, 12&amp;#176;20&amp;#8217;S and 14&amp;#176;S were selected. At the tracer release sites and due to tide-topography interaction, mixing above the upper continental slope of Peru was intensified. Turbulent dissipation rates increase by about an order of magnitude in lower 50 to 100m above the bottom. During previous tracer release experiments, where tracer was injected into the stratified mixing layer above the bottom boundary layer, a change of the center of mass toward higher densities resulted. Newer theories suggest that this diapycnal downwelling is balanced by a diapycnal upwelling within the bottom boundary layer. Indeed, during the tracer survey it was found that the density of tracer&amp;#8217;s center of mass had decreased by 0.13&amp;#160;kg&amp;#160;m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;. This corresponds to an upward displacement of 70-100m. Using microsctructure shear data from 8 cruises, we obtain a diapycnal velocity of about 0.5&amp;#160;m&amp;#160;day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; within the bottom boundary layer. This suggests that on average, the tracer was trapped within the bottom boundary layer for a period between 1.5 and 3 month. Overall, our tracer study provides the first observational evidence of diapycnal upwelling occurring within the bottom boundary layer of a bottom enhanced mixing environment and supports recent ideas of a vigorous global overturning circulation.&lt;/p&gt;