Effects of light and microhabitat on activity pattern and behaviour of wild and hatchery-reared juveniles ofStichopuscf.horrens

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1703-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Palomar-Abesamis ◽  
Marie Antonette Juinio-Meñez ◽  
Matthew James Slater
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding ◽  
Coral Sand ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Tropical Sea

Animals develop behavioural strategies throughout life to improve their survival in nature. Juvenile activity and behaviour of the commercial tropical sea cucumberStichopuscf.horrenswere examined considering factors that may influence survival at this critical developmental stage. Wild juveniles were observedin situto describe diel activity and movement. Wild and hatchery-reared juveniles were observed in the laboratory to evaluate the influence of different light-dark cycles and microhabitats on feeding and sheltering behaviour. All juveniles (4–54 g) displayed a distinct nocturnal activity pattern both in the field and laboratory. Nocturnal activity was strongly associated with feeding and locomotion. Wild and hatchery-reared juveniles were most active at night, displayed intermediate activity during twilight, and minimal to no activity during daytime. Movement rates of wild juvenilesin situwere significantly influenced by time and size to a lesser extent. Under constant light and constant dark for 48 h, juvenile feeding rhythm was endogenously controlled and strongly entrained to natural light-dark cycles. Sheltering was directly affected by light and linked to strong phototactic and thigmotactic reflexes. Juveniles preferred vegetation as shelter compared to coral, sand or open space, and showed equal preference for seagrass and macroalgae. Deviations in behaviour of hatchery-reared juveniles under laboratory conditions indicate some degree of acclimation to an artificial environment with minimal threats and a decreased sensitivity to light. The implications of nocturnal feeding, light-induced sheltering, shelter preferences and acclimation to artificial conditions are discussed in relation to juvenile survival in nature and potential restocking of the species.

scholarly journals Nocturnal and diurnal activity of armored suckermouth catfish (Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) associated with wintering Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris)

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo G. Nico
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Trichechus Manatus ◽  
Trichechus Manatus Latirostris ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Diel Activity Pattern ◽  
Spring System ◽  
Diel Period

Several Pterygoplichthys species, members of the Neotropical catfish family Loricariidae, have been widely introduced outside their native ranges. In this paper, I present observations on the diel activity pattern of non-native Pterygoplichthys, tentatively identified as P. disjunctivus, with respect to their attachment and grazing on endangered Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris. The study was conducted in December 2009 at Volusia Blue Spring, an artesianal spring system in the St. Johns River basin, Florida (USA). Supplemented by information gathered during previous visits to the spring site, this study revealed that adult Pterygoplichthys are active throughout the diel period (day, twilight and night). However, juvenile Pterygoplichthys were largely nocturnal and only at night did they consistently join adults in attaching to manatees. The juveniles generally remain hidden during the day, probably responding to presence of diurnal predators, mainly birds. Differences in diel behaviors among different Pterygoplichthys size classes in Florida are consistent with published observations on loricariids inhabiting clearwater streams within their native ranges.

scholarly journals In situ investigation of NOᵪ photocatalytic degradation: Case study in an open space office in Manchester, UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Julie Hot ◽  
◽  
Paul Bradley ◽  
Jayson Cooper ◽  
Barnabé Wayser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Open Space ◽  
In Situ Investigation

scholarly journals Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) Over a Year: Vocal Activity Pattern and Monitoring Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110582
Author(s):  
Cristian Pérez-Granados ◽  
Karl-L. Schuchmann
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Passive Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Vocal Activity ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Recognition Software ◽  
Brazilian Pantanal

Chaco Chachalaca ( Ortalis canicollis) is a declining Neotropical bird, for which our current knowledge about its natural history is very limited. Here, we evaluated for first time the utility of passive acoustic monitoring, coupled with automated signal recognition software, to monitor the Chaco Chachalaca, described the vocal behavior of the species across the diel and seasonal cycle patterns, and proposed an acoustic monitoring protocol to minimize error in the estimation of the vocal activity rate. We recorded over a complete annual cycle at three sites in the Brazilian Pantanal. The species was detected on 99% of the monitoring days, proving that this technique is a reliable method for detecting the presence of the species. Chaco Chachalaca was vocally active throughout the day and night, but its diel activity pattern peaked between 0500 and 0900. The breeding season of Chaco Chachalaca in the Brazilian Pantanal, based on seasonal changes in vocal activity, seems to occur during the last months of the dry season, with a peak in vocal activity between August and October. Our results could guide future surveys aiming to detect the presence of the species, both using traditional or acoustic surveys, or to evaluate changes in population abundance using passive acoustic monitoring, for which recorders should be left in the field for a minimum period of nine days to obtain a low-error estimate of the vocal activity of the species. Our results suggest that passive acoustic monitoring might be useful, as a complementary tool to field studies, for monitoring other cracids, a family with several threatened species that are reluctant to human presence.

scholarly journals Widespread nocturnality of living birds stemming from their common ancestor

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Night Vision ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Diel Activity Patterns

Abstract Background Many living birds exhibit some nocturnal activity, but the genetic basis and evolutionary origins of their nocturnality remain unknown. Results Here, we used a molecular phyloecological approach to analyze the adaptive evolution of 33 phototransduction genes in diverse bird lineages. Our results suggest that functional enhancement of two night-vision genes, namely, GRK1 and SLC24A1, underlies the nocturnal adaption of living birds. Further analyses showed that the diel activity patterns of birds have remained relatively unchanged since their common ancestor, suggesting that the widespread nocturnal activity of many living birds may largely stem from their common ancestor rather than independent evolution. Despite this evolutionary conservation of diel activity patterns in birds, photoresponse recovery genes were found to be frequently subjected to positive selection in diverse bird lineages, suggesting that birds generally have evolved an increased capacity for motion detection. Moreover, we detected positive selection on both dim-light vision genes and bright-light vision genes in the class Aves, suggesting divergent evolution of the vision of birds from that of reptiles and that different bird lineages have evolved certain visual adaptions to their specific light conditions. Conclusions This study suggests that the widespread nocturnality of extant birds has a deep evolutionary origin tracing back to their common ancestor.

Diel Activity Pattern and Swimming Speeds of Northern Pike (Esox lucius) in Lac Ste. Anne, Alberta

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1454-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Diana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Diel Changes ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius ◽  
Diel Activity Pattern ◽  
Ultrasonic Transmitters

Movements of six northern pike (Esox lucius) were monitored for 5 to 51 days by ultrasonic transmitters implanted surgically. The pike were inactive during 80% of the eight hundred and eighty-nine 5-min intervals monitored during summer and winter. No regular diel changes in activity were noted, except that pike were inactive at night. Swimming velocities calculated from gross displacements were maximum, 42 cm/s (0.91 body lengths (BL)/s); average, 23.1 cm/s (0.45 BL/s).Key words: movements, diel activity, seasonal activity, northern pike, Esox lucius; swimming speeds

Diurnal and nocturnal feeding activity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2894-2900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Alanärä ◽  
Eva Brännäs
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Diel Activity ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding ◽  
Nocturnal Fish

When food is limited and competition for it is high, individual fish may adopt different diel activity patterns. We followed individual feeding activity in groups of 10 Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a combined self-feeding and PIT-tag system. Food was supplied at low and high rewards to five replicate groups of Arctic char and rainbow trout. Four categories were identified in both species: high-triggering diurnal (diurnal fish with the highest self-feeding activity), low-triggering diurnal, nocturnal, and nontriggering fish. On average, the photophase proportion of the total daily activity was approx 90% in diurnal and approx 20% in nocturnal individuals. Rainbow trout offered high rewards did not show any diel preferences. Diurnal Arctic char and rainbow trout with the highest self-feeding activity were initially larger and had the highest growth rates, indicating a high social position. Nocturnal fish were initially smaller and their proportion of trigger actuations much lower than the high-triggering diurnal fish. These still grew successfully whereas nontriggering fish grew significantly less. Thus, some individuals with a low social status may apply an alternative strategy to attain adequate growth by feeding at night when dominant individuals are less aggressive. This may be referred to as concurrent dualism (diurnalism and nocturnalism).

Diel Feeding and Positioning Periodicity of a Grazing Mayfly in a Trout Stream and a Fishless Stream

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Cowan ◽  
Barbara L. Peckarsky
Keyword(s):  
Fish Predation ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Nocturnal Feeding ◽  
Western Colorado ◽  
Baetis Bicaudatus ◽  
Feeding Periodicity ◽  
Gut Fullness ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Transplant Experiments

We studied the feeding and positioning periodicity on natural substrates of the overwintering and fast-growing summer generations of a grazing mayfly, Baetis bicaudatus, in a third-order trout stream and a fishless, first-order tributary in western Colorado. At 4-h intervals over 24-h, we recorded the number of Baetis on stone tops in flow-through enclosures in situ and in streamside circular flow-through chambers. We determined the feeding periodicity of Baetis using abundance of plant pigments as an index of gut fullness. Baetis were nocturnal in the trout stream; more animals were found on stone tops and guts were fuller at night, suggesting that individuals came to stone tops to feed during darkness. However, Baetis from the fishless stream were either aperiodic or weakly nocturnal. We tested the hypothesis that nocturnal feeding by Baetis is a response to the presence of visually feeding trout by conducting transplant experiments in the circular streams. After 24 h, Baetis transferred from the trout stream to fishless water remained strongly nocturnal, while Baetis transferred from the fishless stream to trout water became significantly more nocturnal, suggesting that the risk of fish predation outweighs the benefits of relaxing nocturnal periodicity to feed continuously.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document