Did a heavy storm affect the aperture area of wave-exposed and sheltered Littorina striata?

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. De Wolf ◽  
C. Brito ◽  
S. Van Dongen ◽  
T. Backeljau
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Storm Effects ◽  
Nested Anova ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Storm Effect ◽  
Heavy Storm

During the winter of 1996, a heavy storm crossed the coasts of the Azores. A comparison of wave-exposed and wave-sheltered samples of the intertidal planktonic developing periwinkle Littorina striata (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda), collected before and after this storm revealed: (1) an overall difference in relative and absolute aperture area between wave-exposed and wave-sheltered samples; and (2) depending on the technique used a storm (MANOVA/CDA/1994 vs 1996 nested ANOVA) or no storm (1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, nested ANOVA) effect was noted. Preference should be given to the latter analysis as it is more correct in the present context. Nesting of the factor ‘year’ in the factor ‘storm’, allows detection of the true storm effect, disentangling it from other year exposure interactions, while the inclusion of more than one pre-storm sample allows differentiation of storm effects from ‘normal’ temporal variation.

scholarly journals A Agenda Verde Internacional e seus Impactos no Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Antonio Teixeira de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Multilateral Negotiations ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Stockholm Conference

Analisa os impactos da globalização da agenda verde na política ambiental brasileira, com base em uma periodização da agenda nacional, desde as primeiras iniciativas oficiais direcionadas para a conservação da natureza até o contexto atual. São identificados os seguintes aspectos como os mais expressivos dessa agenda: conservacionismo; ecopacifismo; debate sobre riscos ambientais; negociações multilaterais antes e depois da Conferência de Estocolmo (1972); e as políticas voltadas para a sustentabilidade e a redução de gases de efeito-estufa após a Rio 92.  O estudo é realizado com base nas técnicas de pesquisa documental e metanálise, ou seja, no exame de documentos oficiais e de bibliografia especializada sobre o tema. Conclui que a política ambiental brasileira se desenvolveu de forma tardia em relação às demais políticas setoriais e em função das pressões externas dos países desenvolvidos e dos organismos multilaterais, como a ONU.Palavras-chave: Política internacional e ambiente. Política ambiental brasileira. Política e ecologia. Política e legislação ambiental.RESUMEN:En este artículo se analiza el impacto de la globalización de la agenda verde en la política ambiental brasileña, sobre la base de una línea de tiempo de la agenda nacional, ya que las primeras iniciativas oficiales dirigidas a la conservación de la naturaleza para el contexto actual. Las siguientes como las más importantes de esta agenda se identifican: conservacionismo; ecopacifismo; análisis de riesgos ambientales; negociaciones multilaterales antes y después de la Conferencia de Estocolmo (1972); y las políticas dirigidas a la sostenibilidad y la reducción de gases de efecto invernadero después de Río 92. El estudio se llevó a cabo sobre la base de las técnicas de investigación documental y meta-análisis, es decir, el examen de los documentos oficiales y de la literatura profesional sobre el tema . Llega a la conclusión de que la política ambiental brasileña se desarrolló tardíamente en comparación con otras políticas sectoriales y sobre la base de las presiones externas de los países desarrollados y las organizaciones multilaterales como la ONU.Palabras-clave: la política internacional y el medio ambiente. La política ambiental brasileña. La política y la ecología. Política y legislación ambiental.ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the impacts of globalization on the green Brazilian agenda, based on a periodization of the national agenda since the first official initiatives to the present context. Identifies the following as the most significant aspects of this agenda: conservatism; ecopacifism; debate on environmental risks; multilateral negotiations before and after the Stockholm Conference (1972), and policies aimed at sustainability and the reduction of greenhouse gases after Rio 92. The study is based on the techniques of documentary research and meta-analysis. Concludes that the Brazilian environmental policy was developed so late compared to other sectoral policies and in function of external pressures from developed countries and multilateral organizations such as the UN.Keywords: International politics and the environment. Brazilian environmental policy. Politics and ecology. Environmental policy and legislation.

scholarly journals Temporal variation of gravity-field in North China before and after the 2011 Japan Mw9.0 earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Hao Hongtao ◽  
Liu Ziwei ◽  
Li Hui ◽  
Xing Lelin ◽  
Wu Yunlong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Gravity Field ◽  
North China ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Temporal variation of gravity field before and after Wenchuan Ms8. 0 earthquake

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Yiqing ◽  
Liu Fang ◽  
Guo Shusong
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Gravity Field ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Temporal Variation in the Prognosis and Treatment of Advanced Heart Failure - Before and After 2000

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Del Carlo ◽  
Juliano Novaes Cardoso ◽  
Marcelo Eidi Ochia ◽  
Mucio Tavares de Oliveira Jr. ◽  
José Antonio Franchini Ramires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Advanced Heart Failure ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Impact to Coral Reef Populations at Hā‘ena and Pila‘a, Kaua‘i, Following a Record 2018 Freshwater Flood Event

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ku’ulei S. Rodgers ◽  
Matthew P. Stefanak ◽  
Anita O. Tsang ◽  
Justin J. Han ◽  
Andrew T. Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Storm Effects ◽  
Strategic Design ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Aquatic Resource ◽  
Before And After

Many corals and reef-dwelling organisms are susceptible to the impacts of storm events, which are typically characterized by large inputs of freshwater, sediment, and nutrients. The majority of storm effects are focused on shallow, nearshore reef flats, as low salinity and sedimentation tend to dissipate with depth and distance from shore. In April 2018, record rainfall on the northern coast of Kaua‘i caused extensive flooding and landslides, introducing large amounts of freshwater and sediment into nearshore reefs. Using benthic and fish transects from 2016–2019 and temperature, sediment, and rainfall data gathered pre- and post-flood, this study aimed to quantify and explicate the effects of flooding on the various biotic populations of two reef habitats at Pila‘a and Hā‘ena, Kaua‘i. Results from the shallow Pila‘a reef suggest sediment and freshwater-associated declines in mean urchin abundance (−52.0%) and increases in mean coral bleaching (+54.5%) at the flood-prone eastern sector. Additionally, decreases in mean urchin (−65.7%) and fish (−42.3%) populations were observed at shallow Hā‘ena transects, but not deep sites, supporting the occurrence of depth-specific affliction. Multivariate community-level analyses affirmed much of these results, showing a significant shift in community structure before and after the flood at both Pila‘a and Hā‘ena. The outcomes of this study are pertinent to strategic design and solution development by local aquatic resource managers, especially as anthropogenic climate change continues to increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of storm events.

scholarly journals Temporal variation of shear-wave splitting parameters before and after the 2008 Movri Mountain earthquake in northwest Peloponnese (Greece)

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Giannopoulos ◽  
Efthimios Sokos ◽  
Konstantinos I. ◽  
Athanasios Lois ◽  
G-Akis Tselentis
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Shear Wave Splitting ◽  
Wave Splitting ◽  
Before And After
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