Heavy Metal Pollution Reduced the Potentiality of Pen Culture in the Wetland Aquaculture in an Urban Area of Bangladesh

The Belai beel serves as an important aquatic resource for the livelihood of the local community of the Gazipur district in Bangladesh. However, water pollution in recent times, mainly from industrial wastes and sewage effluents, may disrupt its aquatic environment. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the potential area of pen fish culture in the Belai beel. The study was performed in the Rajbagan (L1), Kamaria (L2) and Rewla (L3) areas of the Belai beel. Grass carp, silver carp, common carp, catla and rui of 20–30 cm in size were stocked at a rate of 15,000 fish/ha and reared for 150 days in pens installed in the L1, L2 and L3 areas, respectively. The fishes were fed with mustard oil cake and rice bran. Maximum fish production was found in Rewla (12.97 ton/ha/150 days) compared to Rajbagan (8.85 ton/ha/150 days) and Kamaria (10.67 ton/ha/150 days) due to it having comparatively good quality water. There were significant differences in metal ion concentrations (p < 0.05) among the three fish pens. In the Rajbagan area, concentrations of Cd and Cu in the water coming from the industrial effluent canal exceeded the acceptable limit. Results indicated that the Rewla area was better than Rajbagan and Kamaria due to it having relatively good quality water for pen fish culture.

Building the Capacity and Knowledge about Coral Rehabilitation of Tour Guides in Lemukutan Island

The coral reef ecosystem is one of the marine tourism attractions on Lemukutan Island, West Kalimantan. However, currently, some locations are in a relatively degraded condition, which should be addressed. One solution to this problem is coral transplantation activities involving tour guides. As part of the effort to rehabilitate the coral reef habitats, the Aquatic Resource Management Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Nahdlatul Ulama University, West Kalimantan, conducted community development activities to increase the capacity and knowledge of tour guides regarding coral reef ecosystems and coral transplantation techniques. This training was attended by fifteen tour guides from the Lemukutan Guide Group and ARTUNA (Anak Remaja Teluk Cina) Group. The participants were previously trained under PT Pertamina (Persero) and Yayasan Jejak Pesisir Nusantara. This training was carried out in three stages: (i) materials presentation and discussions, (ii) direct practice on the field, and (iii) evaluation. The post-test results showed that the training had increased participants' understanding of coral reef ecosystems and coral transplantation techniques by 40,00% and 33,33%, respectively.

Preface

Pandemic COVID-19 has hardly impacted global fisheries and aquaculture, as FAO reported in the 34th session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI) in February 2021. FAO further suggests that this pandemic impact catalyzes the fisheries sector to be more innovative, socially, and environmentally responsible. Fish and fisheries products are well-known healthy food. It contains high quality and quantity of protein and provides essential vitamins and minerals to maintain human health status. The innovation of science and technology in the fisheries sector is a crucial point to improve and assure the efficiency and sustainability of the production and utilization of the resource. Research activities and development should be synergically conducted to implement technologies that benefit the communities. Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, holds a biennially international symposium to provide access and exchange of research data and fisheries experience to support the transfer of knowledge and technology to strengthen the world’s fisheries sector. The 4th International Symposium on Marine and Fisheries Research (The 4th ISMFR) aims to bring together academic scientists, researchers, government institutions, private parties, and stakeholders to share and exchange progress information, experiences, and research results in all aspects of marine and fisheries sciences. The 4th ISMFR theme was promoting sustainable fisheries through technology and research innovation for a healthy community”. It covered a broad spectrum of fisheries-related topics, including aquaculture, fish disease, fish genetics, biotechnology, marine natural product, seafood processing technology, seafood safety, fisheries biology, fisheries resources management, fisheries socio-economics, oceanography, climate sciences, and marine ecotoxicology. Due to the Pandemic COVID-19, the 4th ISMFR was held virtual on July 28-29, 2021, by using the Zoom Meeting platform. We cannot postpone this symposium because it is a routine schedule for researchers and stakeholders to disseminate and discuss their research findings. The seminar’s organizing committee was located in the Fisheries Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Management of the symposium was carried out using the website (http://ismfr-ugm.org/). The symposium consists of a plenary session and parallel presentation sessions. The plenary session presented three keynote speakers, namely Professor Rashid Sumaila from The University of British Columbia (Canada), Professor Erlinda R. Cruz Lacierda from The University of the Philippines Visayas (Philippines), and Professor Soottawat Benjakul from The Prince of Songkla University (Thailand). A total of six parallel presentation sessions was conducted with 12 invited speakers and presenters from eight countries, namely Norway, Belgium, New Zealand, Japan, Australia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Presentations in each parallel class were divided into presentation panels consisting of approximately five presenters. Each presenter was given 10 minutes for presentation and discussion. Discussion sessions were held at the end of each forum for about 15 minutes. A total of 146 scientific papers have been presented at the 4th ISMFR. The 4th ISMFR was attended by 155 participants. All presenters and attendances join the symposium virtually from their respective residences. Readers can access recordings of the 4th ISMFR Plenary session on the YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGtjnoR3hSo&t=7599s). This proceeding provides an opportunity for readers to gain more information from the reviewed papers that have been presented in the 4th ISMFR. The articles published in this proceeding were selected from the papers presented in the symposium. The reviewers from six countries (Philippines, Egypt, Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia) and the editors from four countries (Malaysia, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia) have participated in the abstracts screening, improving, and finalizing the manuscripts. The proceedings divided into three sections, namely aquaculture, aquatic resource management, and fish product technology. From this proceeding, readers will find recent research finding on broad aspects of fisheries and marine sciences to come up with new knowledge and idea to promote sustainable fisheries through technology and research innovation for a healthy community. We want to thank all parties for the success of the 4th ISMFR. Our gratitude is presented to the organizing committee, keynote and invited speakers, reviewers, editors, and editing staff for the dedication, hard work, and tireless efforts in implementing the symposium and publication process. We express our acknowledgment to the Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada, the Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, the Head of Fisheries Department, and the Publication Agency of Universitas Gadjah Mada, who provided continuous support on the symposium. Our thank you also conveyed to the speakers and participants, who have given their best efforts to disseminate, discuss, and publish papers. We also thank all parties who have contributed to the success of the 4th ISMFR and the publication. We sincerely hope readers will find notable pieces of knowledge on fisheries and marine science from different points of view. Chief Editor List of committees of the 4th ISMFR, List of Editors of the 4th ISMFR proceeding, Documentation of the 4th ISMFR are available in this pdf.

A Study on the Building of Tuna Farming in Floating Offshore Wind Power Generation Field at East Sea

We need measures that can come up with alternative about fishery living zone and enhance local acceptance for responding to the increase in the proportion of renewable energy production and construction of 12GW Offshore wind power according to Korea’s Renewable Energy 3020 initiative and Korean-version New Deal. In this study, We suggest that differentiation plans of co-location model in connection with offshore wind power generation suitable for the East Sea. The East Sea is an optimal site for building of a floating offshore wind power generation(FOWPG) field. It is expected that economic effects like energy production, aquatic resource development and tourism industrialization by farming bluefin tuna which is high valued fish and suitable for offshore aquaculture on public waters in FOWPG field. And we can confirm that budget reduction, smart management by sharing operation management technology and increase in fishermen income.

Technical guide for the development, evaluation, and modification of stream assessment methods for the Corps Regulatory Program

The U.S. Army Corps Regulatory Program considers the loss (impacts) and gain (compensatory mitigation) of aquatic resource functions as part of Clean Water Act Section 404 permitting and compensatory mitigation decisions. To better inform this regulatory decision-making, the Regulatory Program needs transparent and objective approaches to assess the function and condition of aquatic resources, including streams. Therefore, the Regulatory Program needs function-based stream assessments (1) to characterize a stream’s condition or function, (2) to improve understanding of the impact of a proposed action on an aquatic resource, and/or (3) to inform the development of stream compensatory mitigation tools rooted in stream condition and/or function. A function-based stream assessment can provide regulatory decision makers with the resources to objectively consider alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of mitigation projects. A multiagency National Committee on Stream Assessment (NCSA) convened to create these guidelines to inform the development of new methods and evaluation of both national-level and regional methods currently in use. The resulting guidelines present nine phases, including rationale and recommendations to facilitate work efforts. The NCSA hopes that this technical guide promotes transparency, technical defensibility, and consistent application of stream assessments in the Regulatory Program.

Present Status of Aquatic Resource and Its Catch of Mogra River in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is very rich in aquatic fauna with a biodiversity. The present study, conducted during 2015 to 2019, recorded a total number of 131 spe cies (104 fish, 09 prawn, 01 snail, 04 crabs, and 13 turtles) belonging to 26 families were identified from the Mogra River and its flood plain. About ten types of fishing gears, different crafts, hook and line were found oper ative in the river. Increasing rates of using current jal (16.0-26.40%) and Kapuri jal (11.0-16.70%) were identified as detrimental gears destroyingdifferent species. The fish productivity was decreased dramatically from 170.63±10.81mt to 134.75±8.02 mt with a decreasing percentage of 6.26 to 21.03% within five years. Three important aquatic species turtiles (Cyclemys oldhami, Melanocheelys trjuuga and Morenia petersi) became rare and 17 commercially important aquatic species were at the edge of extinction (critically endangered, CR). From the study, 67 species were recorded inthe endangered (EN) category, 20 species vulnerable status (VU), 11 species lower risk (LR), 07 species Least concern (LC) and 04 Data deficient (DF). To save the existing aquatic species in the studied riverine ecosystem and ensure better livelihood of the fishes, a team of local management committee, similar to the Hilsa fisheries management technology is needed.

Physics-Guided Machine Learning for Scientific Discovery: An Application in Simulating Lake Temperature Profiles

Physics-based models are often used to study engineering and environmental systems. The ability to model these systems is the key to achieving our future environmental sustainability and improving the quality of human life. This article focuses on simulating lake water temperature, which is critical for understanding the impact of changing climate on aquatic ecosystems and assisting in aquatic resource management decisions. General Lake Model (GLM) is a state-of-the-art physics-based model used for addressing such problems. However, like other physics-based models used for studying scientific and engineering systems, it has several well-known limitations due to simplified representations of the physical processes being modeled or challenges in selecting appropriate parameters. While state-of-the-art machine learning models can sometimes outperform physics-based models given ample amount of training data, they can produce results that are physically inconsistent. This article proposes a physics-guided recurrent neural network model (PGRNN) that combines RNNs and physics-based models to leverage their complementary strengths and improves the modeling of physical processes. Specifically, we show that a PGRNN can improve prediction accuracy over that of physics-based models (by over 20% even with very little training data), while generating outputs consistent with physical laws. An important aspect of our PGRNN approach lies in its ability to incorporate the knowledge encoded in physics-based models. This allows training the PGRNN model using very few true observed data while also ensuring high prediction accuracy. Although we present and evaluate this methodology in the context of modeling the dynamics of temperature in lakes, it is applicable more widely to a range of scientific and engineering disciplines where physics-based (also known as mechanistic) models are used.

Stone-Walled Fish traps of Australia and New Guinea as Expressions of Enhanced Sociality

Fishing was and remains an important subsistence activity of many coastal and inland Indigenous peoples of Australia and New Guinea. The range of ethnographically known fishing methods used to obtain freshwater and marine fishes is similar across the two regions. This ethnographic picture of diversity and complexity is not matched archaeologically, where stone-walled fish traps dominate. Archaeological research on stone-walled fish traps has focused on technical dimensions (e.g., mapping, classification, and dating) and social dimensions (e.g., gender, social complexity, and social organization). Stone-walled fish traps can transform the social and ecological landscape and, in an archaeological context, provide an opportunity to explore decision making and the sociocultural changes associated with the installation of these fixed-in-place facilities. Relevant social organizational changes with potential material correlates amenable to archaeological research include the restructuring of residential sites; interregional gatherings and exchange relationships; aquatic resource enhancement and regularization; and ownership and control of facilities and resources, including territorial partitioning of land- and seascapes.

Impact to Coral Reef Populations at Hā‘ena and Pila‘a, Kaua‘i, Following a Record 2018 Freshwater Flood Event

Many corals and reef-dwelling organisms are susceptible to the impacts of storm events, which are typically characterized by large inputs of freshwater, sediment, and nutrients. The majority of storm effects are focused on shallow, nearshore reef flats, as low salinity and sedimentation tend to dissipate with depth and distance from shore. In April 2018, record rainfall on the northern coast of Kaua‘i caused extensive flooding and landslides, introducing large amounts of freshwater and sediment into nearshore reefs. Using benthic and fish transects from 2016–2019 and temperature, sediment, and rainfall data gathered pre- and post-flood, this study aimed to quantify and explicate the effects of flooding on the various biotic populations of two reef habitats at Pila‘a and Hā‘ena, Kaua‘i. Results from the shallow Pila‘a reef suggest sediment and freshwater-associated declines in mean urchin abundance (−52.0%) and increases in mean coral bleaching (+54.5%) at the flood-prone eastern sector. Additionally, decreases in mean urchin (−65.7%) and fish (−42.3%) populations were observed at shallow Hā‘ena transects, but not deep sites, supporting the occurrence of depth-specific affliction. Multivariate community-level analyses affirmed much of these results, showing a significant shift in community structure before and after the flood at both Pila‘a and Hā‘ena. The outcomes of this study are pertinent to strategic design and solution development by local aquatic resource managers, especially as anthropogenic climate change continues to increase the frequency, duration, and intensity of storm events.